• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.325-330
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• 2005

Objective: To investigate the histologic features of the uterus and adnexae extirpated from gender identity disorder (GID) patients that received depot androgen injection. Methods: We reviewed the histologic findings of the uterus and adnexae removed from sixteen GID patients, who had taken depot androgen injection for 5~168 months. Results: Fourteen patients (87.5%) showed the atrophied epithelium of exocervix and all of 16 patients (100%) showed the atrophy of endometrium. Seven patients (43.7%) showed multiple cystic follicles in the ovarian cortex and 6 patients (37.5%), 3 patients (18.7%) showed corpus albicans and corpus luteum, respectively. Conclusions: Exogenous androgen induced atrophy of cervix and endometrium. This effect was more prominent in the endometrium. In addition, PCO-like histologic features were observed in the ovary.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.13-20
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• 1994

Status of endometrium is a very important factor which influences the implantation of fertilized embryos. In this study, we evaluated the possibility that the endometrial depth and pattern assessed by vaginal sonography on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) injection in in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles could be used to predict the IVF outcome. A total of 112 cycles using gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) for ovulation induction were evaluated. We classified all patients into group A(<9mm) or group B(${\geq}$ 9mm) according to endometrial depth, and into group l(hyperechogenic), group 2(isoechogenic) or group 3(hypoechogenic and triple line) according to endometrial pattern. The other classification was made considering both endometrial depth and pattern. There was no significant correlation between serum estradiol level and endometrial sonographic findings(depth and pattern)(p>0.05). The pregnancy rate of group A(31.3%) did not differ significantly from that of group B(43.7%), but no pregnancies were found in any patients with endometrial depth less than 6mm. The pregnancy rate was 40%, 35.7%, and 44.6 % for group 1, gorup 2, and group 3, respectively, but there was no statistically significant difference between these groups(p>0.05). In combined classification, there was a trend of higher pregnancy rate in case of endometrial depth greater than 9mm and hypoechogenic triple line pattern, but there was no statistically significant differences between these groups(p>0.05). The conclusion from the present data is that endometrial ultrasonography on the day of hCG administration had no predictive value for conception in IVF cycles.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.224-233
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• 2010

Purpose: This study explored the relationships among obesity, bone mineral density, and cardiovascular risks in post-menopausal women. Methods: One hundred post-menopausal women were recruited via convenience sampling from osteoporosis prevention program participants who were living in a metropolitan city in September 2006. Obesity was evaluated by body mass index, bone mineral density measured by DEXA scan, and cardiovascular risk factors assessed by a guideline of American Heart Association. Results: Seventy-two percent of women were either in the osteopenia or osteoporosis group, while 28% were in normal range in lumbar vertebrae. Obese women had greater bone mineral density in lumbar (F=3.31, p=.040) and femur (F=4.72, p=.011). Variables for cardiovascular risks were significantly different for high density lipoprotein (F=7.51, p=.001), systolic blood pressure (F=5.21, p=.007), and in percent of 10-year cardiovascular disease risk according to obesity. Conclusion: Post-menopausal women are at risk for obesity, osteoporosis, and cardiovascular disease. In order to prevent these conditions, nursing interventions such as resistance and aerobic exercise that reduces body weight and bone loss, increases high density lipoprotein, and reduces systolic blood pressure, should be proposed continually through health promotion programs for postmenopausal women.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.49 no.10
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• pp.1116-1119
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• 2006

Pyomyositis is a primary bacterial infection of the skeletal muscles. Although infection can affect any skeletal muscle, the large muscle groups such as the quadriceps or gluteal muscles are most often the focus of this disease, and most commonly the inflammation is focal, involving a single muscle. The mechanism of pyomyositis is poorly understood. The local mechanical trauma at the time of an incidental bacteremia is frequently postulated as a mechanism that could explain the high incidence of the disease in tropical areas and its male preponderance. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common organism responsible for pyomyositis. Mycobacterium tuberculosis primarily affects the lungs, and the prevalence of active pulmonary tuberculosis co-existing with musculoskeletal tuberculosis has been about 30 percent. We report here on a case of an otherwise healthy 17-month-old girl, who had tuberculous pyomyositis at the upper arm after the hepatitis A vaccination with no evidence of any coexistent active tuberculosis.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.247-250
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• 2009

Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) presents with widespread blisters, erythematous or purpuric macules, and one or more mucous membrane erosions. Various etiologic factors, including infection, vaccination, drug administration, systemic diseases, physical agents, and food have been implicated as causes of SJS. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is the most common infectious agent to cause SJS in children. In recent literature, M. pneumoniae-induced SJS with mucositis that lacks the typical target lesions has been described. We report a case of a 6-year-old boy with swelling, peeling of the lips, and red eyes with photosensitivity. On physical examination, he showed severe oral mucositis and conjunctivitis with no evidence of skin lesions. Mycoplasma antibody, which was positive with titers of more than 1:2,560. For patients presenting with fever and mucositis of unknown origin, M. pneumoniae should be considered.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.18-28
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• 2014

With the reformation of organization and function of local office of education in 2010, consulting-supervision is introduced to schools as a system for education reform to improve the quality of school education. However, a dedicated on-line portal system that can provide integrated management on the functionalities of consulting-supervision has not been implemented yet. To successfully operate consulting-supervision in schools, it is also needed to provide an on-line consultant education system, that can support teachers to train themselves as a supervision-consultant. In this paper, we introduce an on-line consultant training system that provides various learning activity tools for consultant training based on Learning Activity Management System(LAMS) and Action Learning. The system consists of Management stage, Analysis stage, Solution stage, and Action stage for the empowerment of consultants' expertises, and is named as MASA. Brain-writing, SWOT(Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threads) analysis, 5Whys, decision grid, PMI(Plus, Minus, Interesting), and black chart techniques were developed in MASA as learning activity tools for consultant training.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.447-460
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting consumer resistance of smart watches, focusing on consumer groups. SPSS 19.0 was used to conduct a descriptive analysis and multi regression analysis of the data. This study is based on the questionnaire data of 407 consumers. The results of this study are as follows. First, the relative advantage was identified as a factor in reducing consumer resistance across all gender and age groups. Second, complexity has been identified as a factor that increases the consumer resistance of female consumers, and consumer groups in their 20s and 40s. Third, esthetics was found to reduce consumer resistance in men, women, and the consumer group in their 20s. Fourth, subjective norms were identified as a factor reducing consumer resistance in women and in consumer groups in their 20s and 30s. Fifth, the risk of privacy was identified as a factor in increasing consumer resistance in men and the consumer group in their 40s. The results of this study can be helpful to understand consumer resistance to smartwatches.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.794-799
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• 2000

Objectives : The purpose of our study was to compare findings of brain SPECT representing crossed cerebellar diaschisis(CCD) with brain MRI, to evaluate relation between CCD and location of lesions on MRI and to elucidate clinically apparent cerebellar sign in patients with CCD. Methods : The study population was 20 patients representing CCD on SPECT. Percentage differences(${\triangle}%$) of activity on each cerebellar hemisphere were obtained from ipsilateral and contralateral cerebellum[${\triangle}%cbll=(IL-CL)/IL{\times}100$] and from cerebrum [${\triangle}%cbr=(CL-IL)/CL{\times}100$]. From MR studies, the percentage differences of signal intensity were also calculated as the same method. We compared the degree of percentage differences with location of cerebral lesions and with clinical cerebellar signs of the patients. Results : Among those representing CCD, the parietal lesions were the most common. There was significant correlation of the percentage differences in cerebellum between SPECT($18.8{\pm}7.22$) and MRI($4.4{\pm}3.38$) (p<0.05) and in cerebrum between SPECT($28.7{\pm}15.35$) and MRI($42.8{\pm}10.94$) (p<0.05). Cerebellar signs were observed in 3 of the 20 patients. However, there was no statistically significance between degree of percentage differences of each cerebellar hemisphere on SPECT and clinical cerebellar sign(p>0.05). Conclusion : Using the percentage differences in the cerebellum, the CCD evaluation can be easily done. On MRI, the signal changes of cerebellum were not as definite as SPECT. Despite of our assumption, there was no significant correlation between clinical cerebellar signs and CCD on SPECT.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.118-124
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• 2007

Objective : Adipose tissue is derived from the embryonic mesoderm and contains a heterogenous stromal cell population. Authors have tried to verify the characteristics of stem cell of adipose derived stromal cells (ADSCs) and to investigate immunohistochemical findings after transplantation of ADSC into rat brain to evaluate survival, migration and differentiation of transplanted stromal cells. Methods : First ADSCs were isolated from human adipose tissue and induced adipose, osseous and neuronal differentiation under appropriate culture condition in vitro and examined phenotypes profile of human ADSCs in undifferentiated states using flow cytometry and immunohistochemical study. Human ADSCs were transplanted into the healthy rat brain to investigate survival, migration and differentiation after 4 weeks. Results : From human adipose tissue, adipose stem cells were harvested and subcultured for several times. The cultured ADSCs were differentiated into adipocytes, osteoctye and neuron-like cell under conditioned media. Flow cytometric analysis of undifferentiated ADSCs revealed that ADSCs were positive for CD29, CD44 and negative for CD34, CD45, CD117 and HLA-DR. Transplanted human ADSCs were found mainly in cortex adjacent to injection site and migrated from injection site at a distance of at least 1 mm along the cortex and corpus callosum. A few transplanted cells have differentiated into neuron and astrocyte. Conclusion : ADSCs were differentiated into multilineage cell lines through transdifferentiation. ADSCs were survived and migrated in xenograft without immunosuppression. Based on this data, ADSCs may be potential source of stem cells for many human disease including neurologic disorder.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.157-163
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• 2009

Objective : In recent years, CyberKnife has emerged as an important treatment modality in the management of pituitary adenomas. Treatment results after performing CyberKnife and the complications of this procedure are reviewed. Methods : Twenty-six patients with pituitary adenomas received stereotactic radiosurgery with the CyberKnife (CKRS). The follow-up periods ranged from 7 months to 47 months (mean$\pm$SD : $30{\pm}12.7$ months). The patients consisted of 17 with non-functioning adenomas, 3 with prolactinomas and 6 with acromegaly. The change in the tumor volume, visual acuity, hormonal function, and complications by this therapy were analyzed in each case. Results : The tumor control rate was 92.3%. Hormonal function was improved in all of the 9 (100%) functioning adenomas. Hormonal normalization was observed in 4 of the 9 (44%) patients with a mean duration of 16 months. In two patients (7.6%), visual acuity worsened due to cystic enlargement of the tumor after CKRS. No other complications were observed. Conclusion : CyberKnife is considered safe and effective in selected patients with pituitary adenomas. However, longer follow-up is required for a more complete assessment of late toxicity and treatment efficacy.