• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.131-146
• /
• 2009

Purpose: The purposes of this descriptive survey study were to describe levels of father involvement in child-rearing and maternal depression. Method: Data were collected from 277 mothers who had one to three years old infant at 8 day care centers and 2 public health centers in S and B city. The instrument used for this study was a self-report questionnaire that included the father involvement in child-rearing scale and maternal depression(BDI). Results: The mean score for father involvement in child-rearing was $44.60{\pm}12.06$. For father involvement in child-rearing, there were significant differences according to chid birth order, father's education, mother's job, income, marriage satisfaction, support for child-rearing. The mean for maternal depression was $10.24{\pm}7.70$. For maternal depression, there were significant differences according to mother's religion, parent's education, father's job, income, marriage satisfaction, support for child-rearing. There is significant difference in the maternal depression according to the father involvement in child-rearing. Conclusion: Father involvement in child-rearing and maternal depression influence child development. It is essential to assess father's participation in child-rearing and maternal depression, to develop knowledge about role of father for child health.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.193-204
• /
• 1982

This study attempts to clarify the relationship between mother;s child-rearing practices and children's critical thinking abilities. More specifically this study wants to answer the questions: (a) Is there any relationship between mother's child-rearing practices and children's critical thinking abilities? (b) What dimensions of child-rearing practices are more important for children's critical thinking abilities? (c) Does the developmental process of children's critical thinking abilities show any difference according to the mother's child-rearing practices? This study is based on the conceptual model of child-rearing practices from the cognitive disciplinary viewpoint proposed by Lee et al.(1973). They polarized the child-rearing practices into the“mediated”types. These types were specified along seven dimensions of child-rearing. In general terms, the two types refer to the degree to which mother resorts to the description of concrete and immediate phenomena and immediate expression of momentary impulses, and positively reinforces such behaviors of her children. Two kinds of data were collected from 60 primary school boys and girls, and their mothers. A child-rearing practices questionnaire with 28 items was sent to the mothers. And the children were administered a critical thinking abilities test containing measures of 4 dimensions from the Ahn's Critical Thinking Measurement Technique. The major findings are those (a) the children of mothers who reported to have used more“mediated”types of child-rearing show relatively higher level of critical thinking abilities than their counterparts; (b) of the seven dimensions of child-rearing practices, the most significant are“mode of description”,“rationality-orientation”and“reward and punishment”; and (c) the“mediated”type of child-rearing practices tends to facilitate critical thinking abilities development. In conclusion, it is believed that a further refinement of this study will contribute to the development of child-rearing training program for mothers.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.22 no.6
• /
• pp.773-777
• /
• 2013

This study examined the effects of cage rearing system and backyard raising system on fatty acid profile of egg in laying hens during 9 weeks. Two hundred hens, 70-wk-old, Hy-line Brown, were used in this study and fed basal diets. 100 hens, randomly collected from facility, were transferred to cage rearing system and 100 remaining hens were moved to backyard raising system. For overall period, higher unsaturated fatty acid percentages in two different rearing systems than did saturated fatty acid (SFA) were observed. In unsaturated fatty acid compositions, both rearing system showed a higher mono unsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) contents than poly unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) contents. Egg quality traits of laying hens reared in backyard system had considerably lower contents of SFA and higher contents of MUFA compared with eggs from cage rearing system (P<0.05). In addition, eggs from cage rearing system resulted in a significantly lower n-3 contents and higher n-6:n-3 ratios and CLA contents in comparison with backyard raising system (P<0.05). However, no significant effects of two different rearing systems on PUFA, PUFA:SFA ratio, and n-6 contents were observed during the experimental period. In conclusion, this result suggests that cage rearing system and backyard raising system will play an important role in improving egg production as functional foods.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.115-135
• /
• 1993

The purpose of this study was to develop instruments for measuring paternal child rearing involvement. A second purpose was to investigate the relationship between social competency of child and the father's involvement in child rearing. Fathers' child rearing involvement inventories were administered to 513 5th and 6th grade school students to evaluate children's perceived father's rearing involvement. Assessment of the child's social competency by the mother was by the modified Iowa Social Competency Scale. Data were analyzed by factor analysis, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and canonical correlation. The main results were as follows: (1) There were differences in mean scores between variables on father's child rearing involvement. The mean score of 'day-to-day guidance' was higher than such father's involvement variables as 'family activities', 'household affairs', 'home education'. (2) There was a significant correlation between the social competency of children and father's child rearing involvement. In other words, fathers' child rearing involvement showed significant correlations with 'the capability' and 'leadership' of children. (3) The canonical analysis in two variables-the fathers' child rearing involvement (independent variables) and the children's social competency (dependent variables)-showed that the child variables most highly correlated to the independent variables were 'capability' and 'affection toward parents'. This also indicated that the father variables accounted for about 9.4% of the variation in social competency. In conclusion, the father's child rearing involvement can he recognized as significant variable in predicting the social competency of children.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.37 no.9
• /
• pp.141-151
• /
• 1999

This study investigated the relationships between parental child-rearing practices in early childhood and the perceived self-efficacy of college students. Subjects were 322 students attending 4-year universities. The sample was 66.1% female and had a mean age of 19.9 years. Research was conducted using questionnaires and descriptive analysis, correlation analysis, t-tests were used for data description and analysis. The major findings were as follows: 1) The difference between boys and girls in terms of parental child-rearing practices perceived by children was found. Girls perceived their parents’child-rearing practices as being more positive in early childhood than those of boys. 2) The difference between male and female students in terms of the level of the self efficacy was not found. 3) The difference between paternal and maternal child-rearing practices perceived by children was found. Children perceived maternal child-rearing practices as being more positive in early childhood than paternal child-rearing practices. 4) Parental child-rearing practices in early childhood was rebated to the self-efficacy of college students. Children who perceived their parents’child-rearing practices as being more positive in early childhood had a higher level of self-efficacy. The results support the importance of parental child-rearing practices in early childhood on the developmental pathways of children.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
• /
• v.25 no.6
• /
• pp.321-335
• /
• 2004

The purposes of this study were 1) to investigate parental amounts of Internet use for purpose of rearing 2) to investigate their environment and preparation level to use Internet as educational information source 3) to investigate whether there are differences between Korean and U.S. parents in environment, level of preparation, and amounts of use of Internet for purposes of child rearing 4) to find out the factors of use of Internet for purposes of child rearing. The questionnaire used in this survey included five sections : background, environment, preparation, amount of total Internet use, and amount of Internet use for purposes of child rearing. Participants were 282 parents (128 American; 154 Korean) with at least one 3~ to 7-year-old child. Findings revealed that parents used the Internet frequently, but they did not frequently use the Internet for purposes of child rearing. There were differences between Korean and U.S. parents in environment, level of preparation, and amount of Internet use for purposes of child rearing. The main factor that affected use of the Internet for purposes of child rearing was 'trustworthiness of Internet information'. Finally, it was suggested the implications for better Internet use for purpose of rearing from the findings.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.36-44
• /
• 2011

Purpose: This study was conducted to explore foreign immigrant mothers' experiences of pregnancy, childbirth, and child rearing. Methods: Ten married female migrants were selected by a purposive and snowball sampling method. Data were collected during the period from September to November, 2009 by individual in-depth interviews and all interviews were audio-taped and transcribed verbatim. Results: Ten categories were induced: In pregnancy and childbirth domain, social support-request help to their own parents, social support-depending on husband and mother's in law, Enduring emesis-gravidarum in strange environment were extracted. In Chid-rearing domain, child-rearing overburden, lack of self-confidence on maternal role, child-rearing difficulties due to language barrier, lack of information and education on child-rearing, lack of accessibility to public health care services, expectation of child's assimilation in Korea, financial strain in child-rearing. Conclusion: This study provides basic knowledge regarding married female migrants' experiences related to pregnancy, childbirth, and child rearing. The findings of the study will help health professionals designing effective interventions for married female migrants with difficulties related to child care, parenting, rearing.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.28-37
• /
• 2004

This study intends to analyse the concept on the child-rearing of parents. Through analysis, several concepts on the child-rearing would be cleared, and therefore the groundwork of the theoretical framework can be constructed. The concepts were analyzed by the method of Walker & Avant(1995). The attribute of child-rearing is as follows; nutrition supply, affectionate mind, caring, growth development supporting, protecting, instructing, pregnancy, delivery etc. The proper child-rearing helps reinforce child development, mother-infant attachment, social disposition, parental-role contentment and family relationship. This study would be helpful to the establishment of child-rearing paradigm. And therethrough this result although helps construct proper child-rearing as well as theoretical groundwork.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.37 no.4
• /
• pp.97-110
• /
• 1999

The purpose of this study was to examine Korean mothers' child rearing beliefs for their infant/toddlers and to compare young mothers' child rearing beliefs with grandmothers'. The subject was composed of 130 pairs of young mothers whose first child is 2 - 2 and half years old and their mothers(grandmothers) in Taegu city area. The major results of findings were as follows : 1. The Korean mothers' Infant/toddler Rearing Beliefs had four subfactors in both area of Interdependence and Independence. 2. Korean young mothers and grandmothers had higher infant/toddler rearing beliefs of interdependence than those of independence. 3. Korean grandmothers had higher infant/toddler rearing beliefs of interdependence than young mothers. 4. Korean young mothers had higher infant/toddler rearing beliefs of independence than grandmothers. 5. While Korean grandmothers had mainly infant/toddler rearing beliefs of interdependence, Korean young mothers had both infant/toddler rearing beliefs of independence and those of interdependence.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.175-192
• /
• 2007

Qualitative research was used to discover factors, relationships, and practices affecting rearing of a grandchild by grandparents. Results showed that the grandparents' motives for rearing a grandchild were parental obligation and responsibility, the fate of unavoidable situations, feelings of worth and affection, helping household economy, and absence of another reliable place for child-rearing. Grandchild-rearing roles included substitute mother, disciplinarian, and playmate. Grandchild-rearing difficulties included such psychological problems as insufficient time for their own selves, concern that they might also raise another grandchild, conflicts with family members, economic problems, and physical problems such as grandparents' worsening health conditions, double pressures of housework and childcare, and stress from loss of memory and fatigue.