• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.263-274
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• 2020

한국 남동해역은 매년 하계에 집중적으로 냉수대가 형성되어 빈번한 이상해황이 발생한다. 본 연구에서는 이 해역에서 발생하는 표층수온 분포의 공간 변화를 분석하기 위해 2018년 6월에서 9월까지 고리와 정자 부이에서 관측한 해양현장 수온 데이터와 GHRSST Level 4 재분석 해수면 온도(sea surface temperature: SST) 자료를 이용하였다. 부이 자료는 두 지점의 시계열적 수온 변동 분석에, GHRSST 자료는 연구해역 전반에 걸친 일별 SST의 분산과 가중공간중심(weighted mean center: WMC)을 계산하는데 이용하였다. 부이의 수온이 낮아지면 연구해역 SST의 분산이 증가하는 경향을 보였으나, 전 기간 일치하게 나타나지는 않았다. 이는 GHRSST가 재분석 자료로 연안의 민감한 수온변화를 반영하지 못하기 때문이다. 이와 같이 전 해역의 SST 변화를 대표하는 통계적 분산만으로는 연안의 국지적인 소규모의 수온변화를 파악하거나, 냉수대 발생해역의 위치 및 범위를 탐지하기에는 한계가 있다. 따라서 차가운 수괴가 발생하는 공간적인 위치를 정량적으로 파악하기 위해 WMC를 활용하여 분석한 결과 냉수대가 발생했을 때, WMC가 연구해역의 공간중심(mean center: MC)으로부터 북서 해역 쪽에 위치하였다. 이는 SST의 WMC 위치 정보를 통해 차가운 표층수온의 분포가 어디에서 어느 정도 나타나는지를 정량적으로 파악할 수 있음을 의미하며, 향후 냉수대 규모 및 지역 확산 범위 탐지에 WMC의 활용 가능성을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.404-414
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 미래 SSP 기후변화 시나리오 자료를 생산하기 위해 과거 30년(1981-2010)에 대한 한반도 농업용 전자기후도를 생산하고 평가하였다. ERA5 재분석 자료와 기상청 ASOS 자료에 지형인자를 고려하는 IGISRM 통계 모형을 이용하여 기후요소 6종(강수량, 평균기온, 최고기온, 최저기온 풍속, 상대습도, 일사량)에 대한 1km 해상도의 격자형 상세자료를 생산하였다. 연 평균(누적) 분포도를 살펴본 결과, 모든 변수는 기상청 ASOS 관측에서 나타난 일반적인 특성을 잘 모의하면서 지형적 효과가 적절하게 반영되었다. 농진청 농업기상 AWS와 기상청 방재기상 AWS를 이용하여 상관계수, Slope, NRMSE를 계산한 결과, 기온관련 변수에서는 재현성이 우수하게 나타났으며, 그 외 변수에서는 재현성이 다소 낮고 지역적 편차가 큰 것으로 나타났다. 관측정보 기반의 농업용 전자기후도는 미래 SSP 기후변화 시나리오 자료를 상세화하는데 기본 자료로 활용될 것이다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.201-212
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• 2016

부산지역 가덕도 일대에 30MW 규모의 육상 풍력발전단지개발을 위한 풍황자원분석과 풍력터빈 최적배치를 수행하였다. 후보지역에 설치되어 운용중인 AWS(KMA)에서 측정된 바람 데이터를 이용하였으며, 데이터 품질분석을 통한 신뢰성 검토를 수행하였다. 1년간 측정된 AWS 데이터는 MERRA 재해석 데이터와 선형희귀(Linear regression method) MCP 기법의 적용을 통해 30년으로 장기 보정되었고, 이를 이용한 풍력터빈 최적배치를 수행하였다. 3MW 풍력터빈을 적용하여 총 25 조건의 풍력터빈 배치에 대한 최적배치를 수행하였으며, 다양한 후류모델을 적용하여 발전량해석을 수행하였다. 단지효율은 97.6%~98.7%, 연간이용률은 37.9%~38.3%로 예측되었고, 후류영향이 고려된 연간발전량이 99,598.4 MWh~100,732.9 MWh로 예측됨에 따라, 우수한 경제성을 갖는 풍력발전단지개발이 가능한 지역임을 확인하였다.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제34권6_2호
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• pp.1261-1272
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• 2018

북극 지역의 대기 온도는 바다 및 해빙, 대기 사이의 에너지 교환에 큰 역할을 하므로 북극 대기 온도를 정확하게 파악하는 것은 중요하다. 하지만 현장 관측 자료들은 북극 대기 온도의 공간적인 분포를 나타내는 데에 한계가 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 부이(buoy) 자료와 Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2(AMSR2) 위성자료를 이용하여 기계학습 기반 여름철 대기 온도 추정 모델을 구축하였다. 기계학습으로는 random forest(RF) 및 support vector machine(SVM)을 사용하였으며, AMSR2 관측 시간에 따라 하루 두 번의 대기 온도를 추정하였다. 또한 추정된 대기 온도를 유럽 중기예보센터(European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, ECMWF)의 ERA-Interim 재분석자료의 대기 온도와 공간 분포를 비교하였다. 교차 검증 결과 두 가지 기계학습 기법 모두 0.84-0.88의 $R^2$ 및 $1.31-1.53^{\circ}C$의 RMSE를 보였다. 공간적인 분포에서 IABP 부이 관측 자료가 존재하지 않는 바렌츠해(Barents Sea), 카라해(Kara Sea) 및 배핀만(Baffin bay) 지역에서는 기계학습 모델이 ERA-Interim 대기 온도에 비하여 과소 추정하는 경향을 보였다. 본 연구는 경험적인 북극 대기 온도 추정의 가능성과 한계점을 서술하였다.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.40-51
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• 2016

The aim of this study is to quantitatively deduce the circulation efficiency and space arrangements of the outpatient department in geriatric hospitals in terms of spatial structure and to find a methodology that could promote the improvement of accessibility and spatial cognition while using the facilities. All space units of the selected twelve geriatric hospitals were located on the first floor. The study adopted the psychological distance concept of space syntax to the unitized spaces, and presented a set of indices, such as TD, PN, RF, PNT and TRF. These indices were calculated according to the standard clinical use procedures. The study evaluated the effectiveness of circulation. The analysis of circulation was based on the four major geriatric illnesses that were selected in this study. The study established the standard clinical use procedure with consideration of the medical treatment, examinations and space units of outpatient departments. The results are as follows: 1) Based on the statistical data, four major geriatric illnesses are examined, and space requirement and standard procedures are established. Development indicators are applied in order to quantitatively deduce the efficiency of spatial cognition. 2) The percentage of the risk of cognitive decline(TRF) has an inversely proportional correlation to the circulation efficiency(PNT) at a certain point. TRF is more influenced by the clinical use procedure than the scale. 3) The arrangement of the waiting space and types of corridor greatly affect the percentage of the risk of cognitive decline. 4) Vulnerable facilities are selected on the basis of the evaluation, and two alternatives that could promote the circulation efficiency are presented. The result of the reanalysis showed that cognitive efficiency had much improved compared to the existing facilities.

• 대기
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.91-99
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• 2005

This study compares the summer monsoon circulations during a heavy rainfall period over the Korean peninsular from 11 to 18 July 2004, simulated by three widely used regional models; WRF, MM5, and RSM. An identical model setup is carried out for all the experiments, except for the physical option differences in the RSM. The three models with a nominal resolution of about 50 km over Korea are nested by NCEP-DOE reanalysis data. Another RSM experiment with the same cumulus parameterization scheme as in the WRF and MM5 is designed to investigate the importance of the representation of subgrid-scale parameterized convection in reproducing monsoonal circulations in East Asia. All thee models are found to be capable of reproducing the general distribution of monsoonal precipitation, extending northeastward from south China across the Korean peninsula, to northern Japan. The results from the WRF and MM5 are similar in terms of accumulated precipitation, but a slightly better performance in the WRF than in the MM5. The RSM improves the bias for precipitation as compared to those from the WRF and MM5, but the pattern correlation is degraded due to overestimation of precipitation in northern China. In the comparison of simulated synoptic scale features, the RSM is found to reproduce the large-scale features well compared to the results from the MM5 and WRF. On the other hand, the simulated precipitation from the RSM with the convection scheme used in the MM5 and WRF is closer to that from the WRF and MM5 simulations, indicating the significant dependency of simulated precipitation in East Asia on the cumulus parameterization scheme.

• 대기
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.85-97
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• 2018

This study evaluates the performance of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model in reproducing the present-day (1981~2005) precipitation over Far East Asia and South Korea. The WRF model is configured with 25-km horizontal resolution within the context of the COordinated Regional climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) - East Asia Phase 2. The initial and lateral boundary forcing for the WRF simulation are derived from European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast Interim reanalysis. According to our results, WRF model shows a reasonable performance to reproduce the features of precipitation, such as seasonal climatology, annual and inter-annual variabilities, seasonal march of monsoon rainfall and extreme precipitation. In spite of such model's ability to simulate major features of precipitation, systematic biases are found in the downscaled simulation in some sub-regions and seasons. In particular, the WRF model systematically tends to overestimate (underestimate) precipitation over Far East Asia (South Korea), and relatively large biases are evident during the summer season. In terms of inter-annual variability, WRF shows an overall smaller (larger) standard deviation in the Far East Asia (South Korea) compared to observation. In addition, WRF overestimates the frequency and amount of weak precipitation, but underestimates those of heavy precipitation. Also, the number of wet days, the precipitation intensity above the 95 percentile, and consecutive wet days (consecutive dry days) are overestimated (underestimated) over eastern (western) part of South Korea. The results of this study can be used as reference data when providing information about projections of fine-scale climate change over East Asia.

• 대기
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.435-447
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• 2015

This study explores the synoptic characteristics of cold days over South Korea and their relationship with large-scale climate variability. The cold day, which is different from cold surge, is defined when daily-mean surface air temperature, averaged over 11 KMA stations, is colder than 1-percentile temperature in each year by considering its long-term trend over 1960~2012. Such event is detected by quantile regression and the related synoptic patterns are identified in reanalysis data. Composite geopotential height anomalies at 500 hPa show that cold days are often preceded by positive anomalies in high latitudes and negative anomalies in midlatitudes on the west of Korea. While the formers are quasi-stationary and quasi-barotropic, and often qualified as blocking highs, the latters are associated with transient cyclones. At cold days, the north-south dipole in geopotential height anomalies becomes west-east dipole in the lower troposphere as high-latitude anticyclone expands equatorward to the Northern China and mid-latitude cyclone moves eastward and rapidly develops over the East Sea. The resulting northerlies cause cold days in Korea. By performing composite analyses of large-scale climate indices, it is further found that the occurrence of these cold days are preferable when the Arctic Oscillation is in its negative phase and/or East Asian monsoon circulation and Siberian high are anomalously strong.

• 대기
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.389-405
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• 2015

In this study, the occurrence circumstances of 3 cases (12 Jan 2006, 11 Jan 2008, 22 Feb 2009) when the freezing rain was observed at more than two observatories in a day with more than three times each observatory, were investigated. Following the advanced study about the same cases, we have tried to find more delicate differences in using the Korea Local Analysis and Prediction System (KLAPS; 5 km reanalysis data) that has the smallest grid scale at current situation. As results, three common characteristics are found: (1) Just before the occurrence of the freezing rain, the wind direction was consistently continuous and the wind speed was constant or gradually increased for at least 3 hr more. (2) Surface air temperature (Relative humidity) was respectively $3.08^{\circ}C$ (28.76%), $0.47^{\circ}C$ (50.07%) and $-3.60^{\circ}C$ (71.07%) 3 hr ago to break out the freezing rain. It means the freezing rain occurs in a wide range of atmospheric environments. However, the closer it got to the occurrence time of the freezing rain, the closer the surface air temperature was to $0^{\circ}C$, and the bigger the humidity of the surface air was. (3) The liquid precipitation formed in the upper atmosphere, met a cold advection bellower than 950 hPa level and suspected to be changed to the super-cooled condition.

• Environmental Sciences Bulletin of The Korean Environmental Sciences Society
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• 제10권S_4호
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• pp.197-206
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• 2001

The long-range transport mechanisms of Asian dust were analyzed based on the synoptic weather system and numerical simulation by using NCEP/NCAR reanalysis and TOMS data during the periods of 1996-2001. We classified the whole weather types of eastern Asia during spring and created the representative weather types during the yellow sand events using cluster analysis and weather charts for the last 6 years(1996~2001). These long-range transport mechanisms were related to various pressure patterns including high and low, trough and ridge, and upper-level fronts. Case studies of the yellow sand events have performed by the simulation of MM5 with meteorological elements such as the horizontal wind of u and v component, potential temperature, potential vorticity, and vertical circulation during the episodic days(2~8 March 2001). In addition, the origin of the long-range transport was examined with the estimation of backward trajectory using HYSPLIT4 Model. In this paper, we concluded that three weather types at 1000 hPa, 850 hPa, 500 hPa, and 300 hPa levels were classified respectively. The dominant features were the extending continental outflow from China to Korea at 1000 hPa and 850 hPa levels, the deep trough passage and cold advection at 500 hPa and 300 hPa levels during the yellow sand events. And also, we confirmed the existence of pola $r_tropical jets in the upper-level, the behavior of potential vorticity over Korea, the estimation of potential vorticity through vertical cross section, and the transport of yellow sand through backward trajectories.es.