• 한국작물학회지
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• 제60권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2015

본 연구는 파종시기와 질소시비 수준에 대한 옥수수의 광화학적 반응을 분석하여 광생리적 특성을 해석하였다. 1. 5월 22일 파종시 질소 함량이 증가함에 따라 생육후기까지 엽록소 형광량 또한 증가하여 질소 배량처리에서 광이용효율이 더 높은 것으로 확인되었다. 2. 생육초기의 형광량이 가장 높았으며, 이후 모든 처리구에서 엽록소 형광량이 50% 가량 감소하여 전자전달을 위한 광화학 반응이 크게 감소했음을 알 수 있었다. 3. 질소 반량구에서 활성화된 RC (RC/ABS)가 감소하며 13% 이상의 에너지가 손실되었으며, 결국 전자전달시 에너지 전환효율(PI, DF 등)이 감소해 광이용효율이 낮았다. 4. 배량 처리구는 생육후기로 갈수록 전자전달 효율(ET2o/CS) 및 단면당 활성화된 RC(RC/CS) 등 광이용 효율이 대조구 대비 크게 증가하여 광합성기구 사이의 전자전달이 잘 이루어지는 것으로 확인되었다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제23권7호
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• pp.379-384
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• 2013

In order to produce size-controllable Ag nanoparticles and a nanomesh-patterned Si substrate, we introduce a rapid thermal annealing(RTA) method and a metal assisted chemical etching(MCE) process. Ag nanoparticles were self-organized from a thin Ag film on a Si substrate through the RTA process. The mean diameter of the nanoparticles was modulated by changing the thickness of the Ag film. Furthermore, we controlled the surface energy of the Si substrate by changing the Ar or $H_2$ ambient gas during the RTA process, and the modified surface energy was evaluated through water contact angle test. A smaller mean diameter of Ag nanoparticles was obtained under $H_2$ gas at RTA, compared to that under Ar, from the same thickness of Ag thin film. This result was observed by SEM and summarized by statistical analysis. The mechanism of this result was determined by the surface energy change caused by the chemical reaction between the Si substrate and $H_2$. The change of the surface energy affected on uniformity in the MCE process using Ag nanoparticles as catalyst. The nanoparticles formed under ambient Ar, having high surface energy, randomly moved in the lateral direction on the substrate even though the etching solution consisting of 10 % HF and 0.12 % $H_2O_2$ was cooled down to $-20^{\circ}C$ to minimize thermal energy, which could act as the driving force of movement. On the other hand, the nanoparticles thermally treated under ambient $H_2$ had low surface energy as the surface of the Si substrate reacted with $H_2$. That's why the Ag nanoparticles could keep their pattern and vertically etch the Si substrate during MCE.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2005

The study were to assess technical factors between the high score group and the low score group, from the subjects of 8 male national gymnasts, and to analyze the kinematical characteristic and main technical cause on technique of Kasamatsu movement on Vault. The result of this study is this. In case of horse contact time the high score group was swifter than low score group, and there was significant difference between the high score group and the low score group(<.01). On high score group the time of taking on from horse showed shorter than that of taking off from horse, while of the low score group the time of taking on the horse was similar to that of taking off from horse on the average. And in time of pre-flight the high score group on average the was 0.16sec shorter times than the low score group, and so there was significantly difference between groups(<.05). Also It is a characteristic that the high score group was short in horse contact time and longer in post-flight. In the horizontal distance of post-flight, the high score group was 0.11m longer than the low score group and there was significantly statistic difference between groups(<.05). In the vertical height of the cog in Post-flight's phrase, the high score group was 0.15m higher than the low score group and there was significantly statistic difference between groups(.<01). The horizontal velocity and vertical velocity in the event of taking on and off Beat board and Vault weren't significantly statistic differences between two groups. In the slow-down of average horizontal velocity during keeping contact with the beat board, the high score group was larger than the low score group. And in an increased average vertical velocity during keeping contact with the beat board, the high score group was even larger than the low score group. In the projectile angle of cog in taking off the beat board, 40.2deg., the angle of low score group and 39.5deg., the angle of high score group are nearly alike. In the projectile angle of cog in taking off the beat, the high score group showed 1.6Wt larger on average than the low score group. However the average reaction force on the board and Vault wasn't almost different between two groups, showed 0.3~0.6Wt larger in the high score group.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제32권11호
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• pp.5-19
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 해상풍력타워를 지지하는 말뚝지지중력식기초에 대한 수평거동을 분석하기 위하여 3차원 수치해석을 수행하였다. 말뚝지지중력식기초는 연약한 점토지반에 취약한 중력식기초를 보완하기 위하여 개발되었으며, 다섯본의 말뚝이 십자배열로 설치되어 수직지지력을 확보한다. 수치해석은 다음 네 가지 케이스를 모델링하여 비교하였다. 이는 a) 단말뚝 b) $3{\times}3$무리말뚝 c) 십자배열무리말뚝 d) 말뚝지지중력식기초이다. 모든 케이스는 비배수전단강도 20kPa의 단일 점토층을 모사하였으며, 수치해석결과로부터 네 가지 케이스에 대한 p-y곡선과 P-승수를 산정하였다. 말뚝 수가 증가함에 따라 무리말뚝효과가 증가하였다. 말뚝지지중력식기초의 경우, P-승수가 무리말뚝과 상이한 경향을 보였다. 응력분포를 통해 거동의 차이를 비교하였고 말뚝지지중력식기초의 수평거동은 지표면과 매트 사이의 상호 작용이 상당한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

• 해양환경안전학회:학술대회논문집
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• 해양환경안전학회 2007년도 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.21-26
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• 2007

[ ${\ulcorner}$ ]1978년 의정서 및 1997년 의정서에 의하여 개정된 선박으로부터의 오염방지를 위한 1973년 국제협약${\lrcorner}$의 부속서 VI ${\ulcorner}$선박으로부터의 대기오염방지를 위한 규칙${\lrcorner}$이 발효 (2005.5.19) 함에 따라 동 내용의 수용을 위한 개정 (2005.12.29, 공포, 2006. 6.29. 시행)이 되었음에도 유중기배출제어장치의 설치가 되어있지 않았거나 설치되어 있어도 사용하지 않는 유류 터미널이 대부분이다. 본 연구의 목적은 다양하고 체계화되지 않은 VOCs 의 시료채취 및 분석방법을 고찰하고 산적 액체 위험물작업중에 배출되는 VOCs의 현 실태를 파악하여 VOCs 에 대한 보다 체계화된 접근을 시도해보고자 하였다. VOCs 에 대한 시료채취방법 중 Tedlar bag 은 화학반응 및 흡착현상에 의한 농도감소현상이, 용매추출을 이용한 방법은 추출시의 실험오차요인이, 흡착관은 흡착시 파과에 의한 오차요인이 분석의 신뢰도를 떨어뜨리는 원인으로 작용하고 있으며 Canister를 이용한 방법은 상기 방법의 단점을 보완한 가장 안정한 방법으로 파악된다. 선박에서 산적 액체 화물 작업중 배출된 유해성대기오염물질의 분석자료와 오염물질에 관한 VOCs 배출 연구분석자료는 충분하지 않다. 그러므로, 향후 선박 작업중에 배출되는 VOCs 관리에 대한 지속적인 Monitoring이 필요하다고 사료되며 선원들의 건강상 안전을 위해서라도 이 분야에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되었으면 한다.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.276-280
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• 2010

Copper(Cu) as an interconnecting metal layer can replace aluminum (Al) in IC fabrication since Cu has low electrical resistivity, showing high immunity to electromigration compared to Al. However, it is very difficult for copper to be patterned by the dry etching processes. The chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) process has been introduced and widely used as the mainstream patterning technique for Cu in the fabrication of deep submicron integrated circuits in light of its capability to reduce surface roughness. But this process leaves a large amount of residues on the wafer surface, which must be removed by the post-CMP cleaning processes. Copper corrosion is one of the critical issues for the copper metallization process. Thus, in order to understand the copper corrosion problems in post-CMP cleaning solutions and study the effects of DC biases and post-CMP cleaning solution concentrations on the Cu film, a constant voltage was supplied at various concentrations, and then the output currents were measured and recorded with time. Most of the cases, the current was steadily decreased (i.e. resistance was increased by the oxidation). In the lowest concentration case only, the current was steadily increased with the scarce fluctuations. The higher the constant supplied DC voltage values, the higher the initial output current and the saturated current values. However the time to be taken for it to be saturated was almost the same for all the DC supplied voltage values. It was indicated that the oxide formation was not dependent on the supplied voltage values and 1 V was more than enough to form the oxide. With applied voltages lower than 3 V combined with any concentration, the perforation through the oxide film rarely took place due to the insufficient driving force (voltage) and the copper oxidation ceased. However, with the voltage higher than 3 V, the copper ions were started to diffuse out through the oxide film and thus made pores to be formed on the oxide surface, causing the current to increase and a part of the exposed copper film inside the pores gets back to be oxidized and the rest of it was remained without any further oxidation, causing the current back to decrease a little bit. With increasing the applied DC bias value, the shorter time to be taken for copper ions to be diffused out through the copper oxide film. From the discussions above, it could be concluded that the oxide film was formed and grown by the copper ion diffusion first and then the reaction with any oxidant in the post-CMP cleaning solution.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.563-575
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• 2005

The aim of present study is to evaluate the influence of adjacent tooth to the microbiology of clinically healthy implant. Control group included patients who had clinically healthy implant and tooth with healthy $periodontium(PD{\leq}3mm)$, test group was composed of patients who had clinically healthy implant and tooth with periodontal pocket(PD>3mm). The criteria of clinically health implant are no pain or discomfort, the restorative suprastructure provide satisfactory fit and function, and the tissue around the fixtures were firm and probing with standard periodontal probe with a rounded tip 0.5mm in diameter resulted in penetration of no more than 5mm when using a force of 0.5N at any location. 38 patients, partially edentulous subjects with endosseous root-form implants were selected. All subjects were medically healthy and had not taken systemic antibiotics and professional plaque control 3 months before sampling. Number of control group is 25(mean age $52{\pm}13$, 26 teeth, 34 implants) and test group is 13(mean age $60{\pm}13$, 13 teeth, 17 implants). All teeth and implants of each patient were examined probing depth(PD), bleeding on probing(BOP), and plaque index(PI), and samples of subgingival plaque were obtained at each site with sterile curet or fine paper points, then the plaque transferred to PBS. Obtained samples were examined for the presence of P. gingivalis, T. forsythensis, and T. denticola by the polymerase chain reaction(PCR). The relationship among clinical parameters and the colonizations by the 3 bacterial species from natural teeth and implants region were analyzed by student t-test. The results of this study were as follows: 1. PD was different in teeth between 2 groups(p<0.05), but the other parameters were not. 2. Statistically significant difference was not found in clinical parameters of implants between 2 groups. 3. All bacterial prevalences of teeth were higher in test group than in control group, and prevalence of T. forsythensis had statistically significant difference between 2 groups(p<0.05). 4. Prevalences of P. gingivalis and T. forsythensis are higher in test group than control group, and that of T. denticola is higher in control group than in test group. But there were no statistically significant differences between 2 groups. In conclusion, there is no statistically significant difference in prevalence of implant microbiology between 2 groups. But if the number of samples increased, it will be possible to find out statistical significance in prevalence of P. gingivalis. It seems that pocket of adjacent tooth influences prevalence of P. gingivalis. These results mean that improvement of the periodontal condition before implantation is very important.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.340-350
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• 1996

Knowledge is composed through the interaction between the concept structure already held by students and their experience, and learning can be said to be the active process of solving the cognitive conflict caused by this interaction. Therefore, this study consists in showing the effective learning method and finding out the elements which the teacher has to own, through examining several forms of pre-conception or mis-conception of the inertia, the force-equilibrium, the action and reaction, the heat, and the electric current, and then finding out their solution and studying student's change in science concepts. For this study, the types of concept on the five above-mentioned materials which students have were examined through the concept-classifying question paper, and the classes to which the class mode for the change of concepts applied, were practised in each different classroom by each different instructor - a professor, a scientist, a teacher, and two students, respectively. And the effect of the teaching strategy based on these classes, and each different instructor' influence on the change of concept in students. were examined. The result of my study is as follows; 1. Students have various types of pre-conception which are different from science concept, and these types of pre-conception tend to last even after learning in class. 2. The thoughts on the correct science concept of the high school third-grade students who learned the physics in the traditional teaching method, and the second grade students who don't learn the physics yet, were nearly equal those of the second grade students by receiving the physics class through the cognitive conflict course were greatly changed especially that students showed the distinct change on mechanics and electric current. 3. Students didn't show the remarkable change of the science concept on the five materials in the four kinds of experimental classes by each different instructor but in the part of mechanics, there was the distinct change between the class by professor and those by the students. This was due to the difference of the authority and the attitude of the concept demonstrator. 1) The authority, the kind attitude, and the responsibility of the expert played an important role in the correct concept-formation of mechanics part - especially in the case of the mis-conception caused by the intuitive belief. 2) In the class by instructor with the democratic teaching method, the change of concept took place more easily, because in his class students could discuss the subject freely, so that they might experience the thought course to give them the confidence on the science concept.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제8권9호
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• pp.365-372
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• 2017

스쿼트운동은 운동방법과 자세에 대한 이론적 근거 및 동작에 대한 기준 확립을 통해 안전하고 효과적으로 운동성과를 기대할 수 있는 중요한 프리웨이트운동 중의 하나이다. 그러나 바르지 못한 운동에 의한 부작용과 그에 대한 과학적 대응방안에 대한 연구와 운동모형의 개발 또한 필요하다. 스쿼트운동을 위한 풋플레이트를 설계하기 위한 구조해석의 주안점은 동적 거동을 단순화하여 구분 동작으로 모델링을 수행한다. 모델링을 기반으로 설계된 풋플레이트 바닥면에 위치한 로드셀의 한계 하중으로 인한 구조적 안전성 여부를 변형율과 응력의 크기를 산출함으로써 구조의 안정성과 이로 인한 운동기구의 설계방법을 제시한다. 이러한 스쿼트운동에 따른 세그먼트별 모델링과 지면반발력에 대응한 역학적 시뮬레이션 분석, 그리고 하중해석을 통한 운동역학분석의 결과를 통해 프리웨이트운동을 지원하는 운동보조장치, VR, 등의 기구에 적용하여 관련 시스템설계를 완성할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 스쿼트운동 기구에 활용되는 풋플레이트의 설계 시에 인가되는 수직하중분포에 대한 설계방법을 제시하고 이러한 결과를 토대로 보다 안전하고 신뢰성 높은 운동보조기구시스템의 설계 및 제작기술을 제시하였다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.519-523
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• 2004

골다공증이 있는 대퇴골두 해면골과 골다공증이 없는 대퇴골두 해면골의 특성을 평가하고자 미세단층촬영기 및 유한요소모델을 이용하여 해면골을 미세구조 특성과 기계적 특성을 비교 및 분석하였다. 골다공증이 있는 대퇴골두는 골밀도를 측정하여 T-score 값이 -2.5 이상인 시편 15개를 사용했으며, 골다공증이 없는 대퇴골두는 사망전 골다공증으로 인한 병력이 없었던 사체 4구에서 대퇴골두 5개를 획득하여 사용하였다. 대퇴골두 해면골의 미세구조 특성을 분석하기 위해서 미세단층촬영기를 이용하여 골다공증이 있는 대퇴골두와 골다공증이 없는 대퇴골두를 촬영하여 형태학적 지수(histomorphometry index)를 구했고, 미세단층촬영기에 의해서 획득된 미세영상(pixel size=21.31㎛)을 바탕으로 유한요소모델을 재건하여 기계적 특성을 구하였다. 형태학적지수는 골다공증이 없는 대퇴골두가 골다공증이 있는 대퇴골두에 비해서 골소주 두께, 골 체적, 골 체적비, 이방성 정도 그리고 골소주 개수가 증가했으며, 골소주 간격과 구조모델지수는 감소했다. 기계적특성 지수는 골다공증이 없는 대퇴골두 해면골 시편에서 반력, 표면응력 그리고 영률이 높게 분석되었다. 골다공증이 있는 대퇴골두 해면골 시편에서 미세구조 특성이 퇴화되며, 기계적 특성이 감소된다는 사실을 알수 있었다.