• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.113-127
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• 2020

In this study, the behavior of external beam-column joints reinforced by plain and deformed bars with non-seismic reinforcement details is investigated and compared. The beam-column joints represented in this study include a benchmark specimen by seismic details in accordance with ACI 318M-11 requirements and four other deficient specimens. The main defects of the non-seismic beam-column joints included use of plain bar, absence of transverse steel hoops, and the anchorage condition of longitudinal reinforcements. The experimental results indicate that using of plain bars in non-seismic beam-column joints has significantly affected the failure modes. The main failure mode of the non-seismic beam-column joints reinforced by deformed bars was the accumulation of shear cracks in the joint region, while the failure mode of the non-seismic beam-column joints reinforced by plain bars was deep cracks at the joint face and intersection of beam and column and there was only miner diagonal shear cracking at the joint region. In the other way, use of plain bars for reinforcing concrete can cause the behavior of the substructure to be controlled by slip of the beam longitudinal bars. The experimental results show that the ductility of non-seismic beam-column joints reinforced by plain bars has not decreased compared to the beam-column joints reinforced by deformed bars due to lack of mechanical interlock between plain bars and concrete. Also it can be seen a little increase in ductility of substructure due to existence of hooks at the end of the development length of the bars.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.225-233
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• 2003

최근 성능에 근거한 설계법의 개발과 더불어, 변위설계에 대한 관심이 증가하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 다층 RC 골조의 변위성능을 보다 정확하게 평가할 수 있는 방법을 제시하고자 한다. 이를 위해, 골조의 횡변위를 계산하기 위해서 보와 기둥의 변형뿐만 아니라 정착부와 조인트 부분의 변형을 변위 산정시 고려하였다. 기존의 실험 및 계산결과의 비교로부터, 본 연구에서 제시한 방법의 적합성을 확인하였고, 이를 강한 기둥-약한 보의 설계개념을 설계된 다층 RC골조 건물에 적용하여 그 거동을 예측하였다. 그 결과, 보다 정확한 건물의 변위성능을 평가하기 위해서는 정착부와 조인트의 변형을 반드시 반영하여야 하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.401-409
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• 2007

본 연구는 국내 현장에서 적용되고 있는 SRC 기둥-RC 보 강축 방향 접합부의 구조 성능을 평가하기 위하여 국내 현장 조사 및 기존 연구 자료를 기초로 접합부 상세를 분류하였고, 6개의 실험체를 제작하여 구조 실험을 수행하였다. 실험 결과로부터 하중-변위 이력 및 최대 내력 도달 이후의 내력 저하 등에 대한 거동을 비교 분석하였다. 그 결과 넓은 보 단면 (RCW-P, RCW-W, RCW-F) 및 T형 보 단면 (RCT-W) 실험체들이 H형강 브라켓 부착형 실험체(HBR-L, HBR-S)에 비해 대체로 우수한 구조적 거동을 보여주었으며, 설계 내력을 상회하는 내력을 보유하고 있었다. 또한 현장에서 적용하여도 무리가 없는 것으로 판단된다. 특히, T형 보 단면 (RCT-W)을 갖는 실험체가 최대 내력 및 최대 내력 도달 이후 강도 저하 등 전반적으로 다른 접합 형태를 갖는 실험체에 비해 우수한 구조 성능을 보유하고 있었다. 그리고 H형강 브라켓 부착형 실험체들 (HBR-L, HBR-S)은 설계 내력에 미치지 못한 최대 내력을 보여 주었고 최대 내력 도달 이후 급격한 하중 저하를 나타내며 취성적인 거동을 보였다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.329-348
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• 2011

Large-scale earthquakes pose serious threats to infrastructure causing substantial damage and large residual deformations. Superelastic (SE) Shape-Memory-Alloys (SMAs) are unique alloys with the ability to undergo large deformations, but can recover its original shape upon stress removal. The purpose of this research is to exploit this characteristic of SMAs such that concrete Beam-Column Joints (BCJs) reinforced with SMA bars at the plastic hinge region experience reduced residual deformation at the end of earthquakes. Another objective is to evaluate the seismic performance of SMA Reinforced Concrete BCJs repaired with flowable Structural-Repair-Concrete (SRC). A $\frac{3}{4}$-scale BCJ reinforced with SMA rebars in the plastic-hinge zone was tested under reversed cyclic loading, and subsequently repaired and retested. The joint was selected from an RC building located in the seismic region of western Canada. It was designed and detailed according to the NBCC 2005 and CSA A23.3-04 recommendations. The behaviour under reversed cyclic loading of the original and repaired joints, their load-storey drift, and energy dissipation ability were compared. The results demonstrate that SMA-RC BCJs are able to recover nearly all of their post-yield deformation, requiring a minimum amount of repair, even after a large earthquake, proving to be smart structural elements. It was also shown that the use of SRC to repair damaged BCJs can restore its full capacity.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.393-406
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• 2005

Cyclic loading tests were carried out on six half-scale reinforced concrete beam-column subassemblages designed to the current Chinese Seismic Design Code for Buildings. The deformation behavior and restoring force characteristics of the subassemblages were studied. Emphasis was directed on their seismic behavior and deformation components. Based on test data and a simplified analysis model of the global and local deformation, the contribution of the deformation components due to beam flexure, column flexure, joint shear, and slippage of longitudinal reinforcement in the joint to the global deformation of subassemblages at different displacement amplitudes of cyclic loading was investigated.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.91-100
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• 2019

In this paper three damaged exterior RC beam-column joints made of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) were repaired. The aim of the study was to restore back the lost capacity of the beam-column joint to the original state or more. A relatively cheap material locally available galvanized steel welded wire mesh (GSWWM) of grid size 25 mm was used to confine the damaged region and then jacketed with cement mortar. Repaired specimens were also subjected to similar cyclic displacement as those of unrepaired specimens. Seismic parameters such as load carrying capacity, ductility, energy dissipation, stiffness degradation etc. were analyzed. Results show that repaired specimens exhibited better seismic performance and hence the adopted repairing strategies could be considered as satisfactory. These findings would be helpful to the field engineers to adopt a suitable rapid and cost efficient repairing technique for restoring the damaged frame structural joints for post earthquake usage.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.579-597
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• 2006

The behaviour of reinforced concrete moment resisting frame structures in recent earthquakes all over the world has highlighted the consequences of poor performance of beam column joints. Large amount of research carried out to understand the complex mechanisms and safe behaviour of beam column joints has gone into code recommendations. This paper presents critical review of recommendations of well established codes regarding design and detailing aspects of beam column joints. The codes of practice considered are ACI 318M-02, NZS 3101: Part 1:1995 and the Eurocode 8 of EN 1998-1:2003. All three codes aim to satisfy the bond and shear requirements within the joint. It is observed that ACI 318M-02 requires smaller column depth as compared to the other two codes based on the anchorage conditions. NZS 3101:1995 and EN 1998-1:2003 consider the shear stress level to obtain the required stirrup reinforcement whereas ACI 318M-02 provides stirrup reinforcement to retain the axial load capacity of column by confinement. Significant factors influencing the design of beam-column joints are identified and the effect of their variations on design parameters is compared. The variation in the requirements of shear reinforcement is substantial among the three codes.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제76권3호
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• pp.337-354
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• 2020

Reinforced concrete beam-column (RCBC) joints of laterally loaded unbraced frames are sometimes controlled by their shear behavior. This behavior relies on multiple and interdependent complex mechanisms. There are already several studies on the influence of some parameters on the shear strength of reinforced concrete joints. However, there are no studies methodically tackling all the most relevant parameters and quantifying their influence on the overall joint behavior, not just on its shear strength. Hence, considering the prohibitive cost of a comprehensive parametric experimental investigation, a nonlinear finite element analysis (NLFEA) was undertaken to identify the key factors affecting the shear behavior of such joints and quantify their influence. The paper presents and discusses the models employed in this NLFEA and the procedure used to deduce the joint behavior from the NLFEA results. Three alternative, or complementary, quantities related to shear are considered when comparing results, namely, the maximum shear stress supported by the joint, the secant shear stiffness at maximum shear stress and the secant shear stiffness in service conditions. Depending on which of these is considered, the lower or higher the relevance of each of the six parameters investigated: transverse reinforcement in the joint, intermediate longitudinal bars and diagonal bars in the column, concrete strength, column axial load and confining elements in transverse direction.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.591-601
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• 2011

보 휨 철근으로 600 MPa 철근을 사용한 콘크리트 보-기둥 접합부의 내진성능을 평가하기 위하여 실험 연구를 수행하였다. 세 개의 내부 보-기둥 접합부 실험체와 두 개의 외부 보-기둥 접합부 실험체를 주기하중 하에서 실험하였다. 실험체는 현행 기준에 따라 특수 모멘트 골조로 설계하였다. 600 MPa 철근을 사용한 실험체의 구조 성능을 400 MPa 철근을 사용한 실험체의 구조 성능과 비교하였다. 실험 결과 600 MPa 철근을 사용한 실험체에서 보-기둥 접합부에서 부착 미끄러짐이 증가하였으나, 하중 재하 능력과 변형 능력, 에너지 소산 능력이 우수한 것으로 나타났다.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.734-741
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• 2002

중앙부 철골조와 단부 RC조로 이루어진 혼합구조보인 RS 보와 RC 기둥으로 이루어진 접합부의 비탄성 거동 및 내진성능을 구명하기 위하여 반복가력에 의한 접합부 실험을 진행하였다. 본 연구는 RC-RS 접합부의 모멘트비를 변수로 하여 두 개의 내부접합부와 한 개의 외부접합부 등 총 3개의 시험체를 제작하여 실험을 진행하였다. 실험결과, 강도와 연성능력은 충분히 발휘하였으나, 접합부의 강성은 부족한 결과를 나타내었다. 이는 RS 보를 구성하는 철골보와 RC 보를 연결하는 강재매입구간에서의 철골 보의 미끄러짐에 의한 변위의 증가로 인하여 강성의 저하가 발생한 것으로 판단된다. 또한 Hawkins의 제안안에 의한RC-RS 접합부의 내진성능을 평가해 본 결과, 접합부의 초기강성의 부족으로 부재각 0.5 %에서의 공칭강도의 발현은 만족하지 못하였으나, 그외의 내진성능 평가지표인 강도유지능력, 상대 에너지소산비 및 종국후 초기강성비나 초기강도비 등의 측면에서는 우수한 능력을 발휘하였다. 따라서 구조물에서 RC-RS 접합부를 적용할 경우, RC 코어 월과 같은 초기 횡 강성을 보완할 수 있는 적절한 구조시스템과 병행하여 적용하면 강진지역의 구조물에도 충분히 적용이 가능하다고 판단된다.