• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.417-422
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• 2022

We tried to check the antioxidant activity and toxicity of trichosanthis cucumeroidis radix extracts in skin cells, and check the possibility of their use as a functional material that can be effectively used on the skin. Total polyphenol and total flavonoid content, which are indicators of antioxidant activity of trichosanthis cucumeroidis radix extracts, were confirmed, and cytotoxicity was confirmed using Neutral red assay in the skin. As a result of the study, the content of total polyphenols and total flavonoids increased concentration-dependent. High survival rates in fibroblast HDF cells were identified, and cell survival rates were significantly lowered from 5 ㎍/mL in melanocytes B16F10 melanoma cells and inflammation-related macrophages RAW 264.7 cells. He results of this study are believed to be available as basic data for antioxidant activity of trichosanthis cucumeroidis radix extracts and skin cells.

• Journal of Evidence-Based Herbal Medicine
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of Ecklonia cava butanol extract (BFEC) on RAW 264.7 cells. Method : To evaluate of anti-inflammatory of BFEC, We examined cytokine and Nitric oxide(NO) production in lipopolysacchride (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cell. Result : Extract of BFEC inhibit LPS-induced interleukin (IL)-6, NO production in human monocyte RAW 264.7 cells. Conclusion : BFEC down-regulated LPS-induced IL-6, NO production, which may be provide a clinical basis for anti-inflammatory properities of BFEC.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.134-141
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• 2010

It is well known that the numbers and functions of immune-associated cells are increased by saponins and polysaccharides in ginseng. In this study, the mixture of polysaccharide and saponin (MPS) from Panax ginseng is applied to LPS- activated RAW 264.7 cells. The production of NO and the gene expression of IL-6 and TNF-$\alpha$ are decreased in LPSactivated RAW 264.7 cells and the expression of arginase II and PD-1L genes is decreased in LPS-untreated macrophages. Therefore, the mixture of saponin and polysaccharide from Panax ginseng could be used in order to regulate immune responses.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.69-79
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• 2009

Objective: In this study, the immunomodulatory activity of a mixture of wild Panax ginseng and red-mold rice extracts (MPR) on RAW 264.7 macrophage cells in the presence and absence of methotrexate (MTX), an anti-cancer drug, was investigated. Methods and Results: In the cell viability, MPR showed a significant cell proliferation and inhibited cell regression by red-mold rice (RMR) alone or MTX alone. MPR induced moderate increase in nitric oxide (NO) production. NO production and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA expression by LPS decreased after MPR treatment. In addition, MPR slightly induced COX-2 mRNA expression, but it did not affect the expression of COX-2 mRNA by LPS treatment. In RT-PCR analyses, MPR induced IL-$1{\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, and TNF-$\alpha$ mRNA expression, but had no effect on IL-10 and TGF-$\beta$, regardless of MTX treatment. Furthermore, MPR did not interfere with the cytotoxicity of MTX against MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cells. Conclusions: MPR is efficacious in protecting against MTX-induced cell regression as a result of macrophage activation, resulting in induction of cytokine expression, implying that MPR could be considered an adjuvant in MTX-chemotherapy.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.69-75
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• 2016

Objectives : The aim of this study is to investigate the various effects of individual or combined extract of GamiSaengmaeksan (GSS) on cell viability, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activityMethods : In order to evaluate cytotoxicity, MTT assay was performed. We investigated the levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 and interleukin (IL)-1β, and nitric oxide(NO) in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells to check the effects on anti-inflammatory activity. The level of NO production in RAW 264.7 cells was measured by using Griess reagent. The levels of cytokines and ROS were measured by Luminex and Flow cytometry, respectively.Results : At concentration of 200 ㎍/㎖ GSS, cytotoxicity was observed in RAW 264.7 cells. However, at concentration less than 100 ㎍/㎖ of both combine and individual GSS, cytotoxicity was not observed in Raw 264.7 cells. However, the level of ROS in RAW 264.7 cells were decreased at both extract of 100 ㎍/㎖ GSS. Also, the level of NO in RAW 264.7 cells were decreased from extraction of concentration of 100 ug/ml in GSS and individual-extraction of Liriopis Tuber, White Ginseng and Glycyrrhizae Radix. In addition, productions of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α) in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells were decreased from extraction of concentration of 10 and 100 (㎍/㎖) in GSS and individual-extraction of Liriopis Tuber.Conclusions : It is concluded that combined extract of GSS appears to be more effective in anti-oxidation and anti-inflammatory effect than those in individual-extraction of GSS. These results may be developed as a raw material for new therapeutics to ease the symptoms related with inflammatory and oxidative stress.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.94-98
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• 2004

Effects of dopaminergic drugs on the degranulation of mast cells (RBL-2H3 cells) and the nitric oxide production from macrophage cells (RAW 264.7) were studied. Among the dopaminergic agonists and antagonists tested, bromocriptine, 7-OH-DPAT, haloperidol, and clozapine showed potent inhibitions of mast cell degranualtion ($IC_{50} value, 5 \mu$ M). However, these dopaminergic agents did not affect the tyrosine phosphorylations of the signaling components of the high affinity IgE receptor ($Fc\varepsilonRI$), such as Syk, $PLC\gamma1$, and $PLC\gamma2$.; This suggested that these signaling components were not involved in the inhibition of the mast cell degranulation by these compounds. On the other hand, dopamine, bromocriptine, 7-OH-DAPT, and haloperidol markedly inhibited the nitric oxide production from RAW 264.7 cells ($IC_{50}$ values, 10-20$\mu$M). Bromocriptine, a dopamine agonist that is routinely used for the treatment of Parkinsons disease, inhibited the expression of the inducible nitric oxide synthase at an early stage of the LPS-induced protein expression in a dose-dependent manner. The results suggested that these dopaminergic agents, when used for the treatment of dopamine receptors-related diseases, such as Schizophrenia or Parkinsons disease, might have additional beneficial effects.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.60 no.3
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• pp.128-134
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• 2016

L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) is a cell surface molecule to initiate a variety of cellular responses through interacting with other cell adhesion molecules in a homophilic or heterophilic manner. Although its expression was found to be upregulated in some tumor cells, including cholangiocarcinomas, and ovarian cancers, and many studies have investigated the role of L1CAM in these cancers, its role in inflammatory responses has been poorly understood. In this study, we explored the role of L1CAM in macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses. L1CAM significantly suppressed the production of nitric oxide (NO), but induced cell proliferation in RAW264.7 cells. L1CAM expression was detectable, but its expression was markedly decreased by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in RAW264.7 cells. In addition, the expression of pro-inflammatory genes, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) induced by LPS was dramatically suppressed by L1CAM in RAW264.7 cells. L1CAM inhibited the transcriptional activities of NF-${\kappa}B$ and AP-1 while its cytoplasmic domain deletion form, $L1{\Delta}CD$ did not suppressed their activities in RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, L1CAM suppressed nuclear translocation of p65 and p50 as well as c-Jun, c-Fos and p-ATF2 which are transcription factors of NF-${\kappa}B$ and AP-1, respectively. In conclusion, L1CAM suppressed inflammatory responses in macrophages through inhibiting NF-${\kappa}B$ and AP-1 pathways.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.247-250
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• 1997

We have studied cytotoxicity of S-nitroso-N-acetyl- N-DL-penicillamine(SNAP), a Nitric oxide (NO)-releasing compound, in RAW264.7 macrophages. SNAP is cytotoxic to RAW264.7 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. PMA(200 nM) stimulated cells to produce superoxide anton radical($O_2^{-\cdot}$) and caused a little loss of RAW264.7 cell viability for 12 hr and diminished the cytotoxicity of SNAP. The mechanism by which PMA can protect cells against NO-mediated cytotoxicity was studied by peroxynitrite-enhanced chemiluminescence method. Observed results suggested that $O_2^{-\cdot}$ produced by PMAstimulated RAW264.7 cells may quench NO released by SNAP and reduce NO, thus attenuating NO-related damages.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.37-45
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• 2018

Objectives This study was designed to investigate whether the Gagamtongsoon-San (GT) has an inhibitory effect and its mechanisms are associated with the iNOS and COX-2. Methods Cytotoxic activity of GT extract on RAW264.7 cells was evaluated by using 3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) solution. Inflammatory condition was induced by LPS. NO production was measured using Griess reagent system. The expressions of iNOS and COX-2 mRNA and protein were determined by realtime PCR. The concentrations of PGE2 were measured by an enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Results The GT does not impair the cell viability in tested concentration $500{\mu}g/ml$ or below. GT significantly reduced the NO production in a dose-dependent manner. GT $500{\mu}g/ml$ also suppressed LPS-induced mRNA expressions of iNOS and COX-2. GT $500{\mu}g/ml$ reduced the PGE2 secretion in LPS induced RAW264.7 cells. Conclusions These outcomes show that GT extract has an anti-inflammatory activities. And also this conclusion can be the data that supports the GT's anti-inflammatory effect objectively.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.263-273
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• 2013

Objectives This study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of extracts from Ligustrum obtusifolium S. fruits(LOF) in RAW 264.7 Macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide(LPS). Methods We examined productions of nitric oxide(NO), reactive oxygen species(ROS), inducible isoforms of NO synthase(iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of LOF extracts. In addition, we measured generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines(TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6). Results Cell viability showed that LOF extracts had no cytotoxicity in Raw 264.7 cells. The treatment with LOF extracts significantly decreased the generation of NO and pro-inflammatory cytokines(TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6) in LPS-stimulated macrophage cells. Furthermore LOF extracts inhibited intracellular ROS generation dose dependently and reduced the expression of iNOS, COX-2 proteins. Conclusions These results showed that the LOF extracts had an anti-inflammatory effect on LPS-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells. These findings provide scientific support for the use of this Ligustrum obtusifolium S. for inflammatory-related diseases.