• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.42 no.2 s.332
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• pp.9-16
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• 2005

The performance of satellite range measurement using tone method was analyzed in the presence of satellite link AWGN. The phase errors in range measurement are generated by AWGN of satellite up- and down-link and the degradations of satellite range measurement are dependent on the transmission mode and loop bandwidth of satellite measurement system. The analyzed effects for satellite measurement in presence of satellite link noise were also analyzed with the measured satellite range data via satellite range measurement system operating in satellite link AWGN. In RAU mode, the satellite range differences of 14.4 to 40.6 m were occurred according to the loop bandwidth of satellite range measurement system and the degradation of 0.3 dB compared with theoretical value was generated under condition of the signal-to-noise ratio of 43 dB. In RAU and TM mode, the performances of range measurement were approximately agreed to the that of RAU mode. In order to get the equal performance characteristics with RAU mode, the signal-to-noise ratio of satellite link for RAU and TM mode should be increased by signal power of 2.3 dB, which is a power loss due to transmission of telemetry signal.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 2012

Personality characteristics of recurrent aphthous ulcer patients was analyzed psychologically by means of the SCL-90-R. The patients, 20 recurrent aphthous ulcer(RAU) patients, 33 oral lichen planus patients who visited Department of Oral Medicine, in Pusan National University Dental Hospital from 2010 to 2011. 59 control were collected from students of School of Dentistry, in Pusan National University. The obtained results were as follows. 1. Mean values of T-scores on 9 basic scales in RAU patients group, oral lichen planus patients group and control group were within normal range. 2. The T-score of SOM in RAU patients group were significantly higher than that in the control group. 3. The T-score of SOM, DEP, HOS in RAU female patients group were remarkably higher than that in the female control group. 4. The T-score of HOS in RAU patients group were significantly higher than that in the oral lichen planus patients group.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.5898-5916
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• 2018

In this paper, the downlink performance of multi-cell distributed antenna systems (DAS) with a single user in each cell is investigated. Assuming the channel state information is available at the transmitter, four transmission modes are formulated as combinations of remote antenna units (RAUs) selection and cooperative transmission, namely, non-cooperative transmission without RAU selection (NCT), cooperative transmission without RAU selection (CT), non-cooperative transmission with RAU selection (NCT_RAUS), and cooperative transmission with RAU selection (CT_RAUS). By using probability theory, the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of a user's signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) and the system ergodic capacity under the above four modes are determined, and their closed-form expressions are obtained. Furthermore, the system energy efficiency (EE) is studied by introducing a realistic power consumption model of DAS. An expression for determining EE is formulated, and the closed-form tradeoff relationship between spectral efficiency (SE) and EE is derived as well. Simulation results demonstrate their consistency with the theoretical analysis and reveal the factors constraining system EE, which provide a scientific basis for future design and optimization of DAS.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.319-328
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• 2005

To examine whether HSV, VZV, H. pylori and Candida that are known to be microorganisms causing ulcerative disease in oral cavity and have the relatively high contigiousness are detected in saliva of patients with RAU and related to the development with RAU, PCR and culture were performed on the saliva of 29 patients with RAU and 29 control subjects who visited the Department of Oral Medicine, Dental Hospital, Chosun University. The results were obtained as follows; 1. HSV DNA was detected in 41.4% patients with RAU, and 55.2% control subjects, however, a significant difference between the two groups was not detected, (P>0.05), and VZV DNA was not detected in both groups. 2. H. pylori DNA was detected in 27.6% patients with RAU, and 48.3% control subjects, however, a significant difference between the two groups was not detected (P>0.05). 3. Candida was cultured in 13.8% patients with RAU, and 6.9% control subjects, however, a significant difference between the two groups was not detected (P>0.05). This results suggest that HSV, VZV, H. pylori and Candida can not be regarded to play a direct role in the development of RAU. Thus it is considered that in future, on a larger sample, also, it has to be examined whether other microorganisms acts as a trigger factor of the development of RAU.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there were any changes in taste sensitivity with recurrent aphthous ulceration. Nintyseven subjects(25 males and 72 females) were included for the study and they were categorized into 2 groups(recurrent aphthous ulceration 27 persons, control 70 persons), recurrent aphthous ulceration group was investigated in the department of Oral Medicine, College of Dentistry, Pusan National University from April, 2005 to August, 2006 and control group was investigated in the clinic at Incheon city from June, 2006 to August, 2006. The electrical taste thresholds were measured using an electrogustometer of the 4 different sites(tongue tip, tongue lateral, circumvallate papilla and soft palate) in oral cavity. The results were as follows ; 1. The electrical taste threshold showed significant lower in the RAU group. 2. The electrical taste threshold showed significant lower in female group, and showed significant lower except soft palate in male group of the RAU group. 3. The electrical taste threshold showed a tendency to increase in all site of the multiple RAU group, but there were no significant differences. 4. The electrical taste threshold showed a tendency to increase in tongue lateral of the acute RAU group, and showed a tendency to increase in tongue tip, circumvallate papilla, soft palate of the chronic RAU group. 5. After treatment, electrical taste threshold was significant increase than initial visit in the RAU group. 6. After treatment, NAS showed a tendency to decrease in the RAU group.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.131-142
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to analyze kinematic variables of a Mae-ukemi (forward breakfall :MU) in Judo through 3-D image analysis with five Judoka with over 2 years' career (2nd dan, 3rd dan). The kinematic variables include posture, and distance variables; the mean values and the standard deviations for each variable were obtained to analyze kinematic variables of a MU in Judo. From the data analysis and discussion, the following conclusions were drawn : 1) Posture variables : The angles of wrists during right before Mae-ukemi (RBU) were extended from the just MU position(MUP) and flexed from in the right after MU(RAU), and there was a difference in the displacement between the angles of the right and left wrists. The angles of elbows were flexed in the ready position from in the RAU. The angles of ankles were flexed from the ready position to that down position, extended from the down position to that transition, and flexed from the transition positiont to that RAU. 2) Distance variables : The distance height between the mat and shoulders in the RBU(32.2cm) to in the MUP(18.3cm) and in the RAU(20.5cm). during that height between the mat and hips in the RBU(48.0cm) to in the MUP(23.4cm), and in the RAU(30.6cm).

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.125-135
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• 1999

This study was performed to discover the underlining influences of Herpes Simplex virus (HSV) and Varicella Zoster virus (VZV), to detect the changes of whole protein and mucin level and to observe protein profiles in the saliva when recurrent aphthous ulcer (RAU) was present. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected from 23 patients who for over three years had a clinical history of RAU, in a group of 10 women and 13 men, ranging from 11 to 72 years of age, and 20 healthy subjects, in a group of 8 women and 12 men, who did not have the symptoms nor a past history of RAU. Through the means of Polymerization Chain Reaction, genomic DNA from the HSV and VZV was purified from the saliva samples for identifying precisely the two types of viruses, and the level of whole protein and sialic acids in the saliva and the ratio of sialic acid to whole protein were measured, and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was performed. The results obtained were as follows ; 1. 39.13% of patients showed 224 bp bands of VZV DNA, those were appeared more in patients than in control group (p<0.01), but there was no significant difference between patients and control group in HSV DNA (p>0.05). 2. The concentration of whole protein in men patients was lower than in men control group (p<0.05), but there were no significant differences between patients and control in other groups (p>0.05). 3. The concentration of sialic acids from patients was lower than control group in all groups (p<0.05). 4. The concentration of sialic acids in proportion to that of whole protein was lower in patients than in control group (p<0.05), and in the two women groups (p<0.01), but no noticeable difference was found between the two men groups (p>0.05). 5. There were no consistent differences observed in the protein profiles of patients with control group except that certain protein bands near 50 kDa was lower in patients than in control group. These results suggest that viruses such as HSV and VZV and reduction of salivary whole protein and mucin levels are related to development of RAU.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.195-203
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• 2012

Recurrent aphthous ulcer(RAU) is the most frequent form of oral ulceration with a prevalence in the general population ranging between 5% and 60%. The peak age of onset is between 10 and 19 years of age, and it can persist into adulthood and throughout the patient's lifespan, with no gender predilection. The disease is characterized clinically into three types: minor aphthous ulcer, major aphthous ulcer and herpeticform ulcers. The cause of RAU is unknown and thought to be multifactorial with many triggers or precipitating factors that include familial tendency or genetic predisposition, allergy, medications, hormones, stress or anxiety, and immunologic abnormalities. The need for consideration of psychological factors in the pathogenesis of oral disease has been increasingly acknowledged over the last decades and many studies have highlighted the psycho-social impact of oral conditions. In this study, we tried to evaluate the influence of emotional stress in RAU. There were thirty patients with a clinical diagnosis of RAU and other subjects who did not show any signs of systemic disorders include RAU. They are evaluated by using modified Holmes and Rahe's Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS). As a result, a significantly higher level of stress was found in the RAU patients than the control group. Therefore it can be concluded that psychological stressors play an important role in the RAU.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.649-657
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• 2016

In this paper, we investigate energy efficiency (EE) of the traditional co-located and the distributed massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. First, we derive an approximate EE expression for both the idealistic and the realistic power consumption models. Then an optimal energy-efficient remote access unit (RAU) selection algorithm based on the distance between the mobile stations (MSs) and the RAUs are developed to maximize the EE for the downlink distributed massive MIMO systems under the realistic power consumption model. Numerical results show that the EE of the distributed massive MIMO systems is larger than the co-located massive MIMO systems under both the idealistic and realistic power consumption models, and the optimal EE can be obtained by the developed energy-efficient RAU selection algorithm.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.515-518
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• 2006

It is explicitly shown that a supersymmetry structure exists in the spectrum of a rigid symmetric top rotor in the molecule-fixed frame. Using projection operators constructed from the time-reversal symmetry of the rotor, the full rotor Hamiltonian is separated into two parts, i.e., the bosonic and fermionic components. The construction, without ambiguity, suggests that the rotor has a supersymmetry in it. This supersymmetry is mathematically equivalent to that of the free rotor on a plane recently noted by Rau.