• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.51-61
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• 2010

목 적 : 최근 Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand-2 (CCL-2; also known as MCP-1)와 CCL-5 (also known as RANTES)가 다양한 염증성 및 비염증성 신질환과 연관성을 보인다는 연구결과들이 보고되고 있다. 이에 본 저자들은 CCL-2 및 CCL-5 유전자의 단일염기다형성(single nucleotide polymorphism; SNP)가 소아 IgA 신병증의 발생 및 임상양상과 어떠한 연관성을 보이는지 알아보기 위하여 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : 경희의료원 소아청소년과에서 학교 검뇨상 이상소견을 보여 전원된 환아 중 신생검을 통해 IgA 신병증으로 확진된 196명의 소아환아와 285명의 건강한 대조군을 대상으로 geneotyping을 통해 6 개의 SNP 대립 유전자 빈도를 조사하여 분석하였다. 또한, 단백뇨(>4 mg/$m^2$/hour), 병리 소견 상 족세포의 족돌기 융합과 병리학적 진행성 병변의 유무에 따라 환자군을 다시 세 개의 하위그룹으로 세분화하여 비교하였다. 결 과 : IgA 신병증 환아 및 대조군의 SNP 대립 유전자 빈도를 분석하였을 때, CCL-2 및 CCL-5 유전자 모두에서 질환의 발생과 연관성을 보이는 SNP는 발견되지 않았다. 두 개의 linkage disequilibrium block이 형성되었으나 하플로타입 분석에서는 유의한 하플로타입을 찾을 수 없었다. 또한, 환자의 하위그룹을 비교하였을 때에도 단백뇨, 병리 소견 상 족세포의 족돌기 융합과 병리학적 진행성 병변과 연관성을 보이는 SNP는 발견되지 않았다. 결 론 : 한국 소아 환자를 대상으로 시행한 본 연구에서 CCL-2 및 CCL-5유전자 다형성과 IgA 신병증의 임상병리 양상 간에 유의한 연관성은 없었다.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.82-87
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• 2017

Objectives : Recently the case of lactobacillus mixture culture fluid appliment was reported. In this study, anti-inflamation effects and anti-allergy effects were studied by stimulus of lactobacillus mixture culture fluid extracts in HaCaT cells. Methods : The atopic dermatitis were induced by TNF-${\alpha}$ and interferon-${\gamma}$ in HaCaT cells. TARC/CCL17, MDC/CCL22, RANTES/CCL5 and ROS production were investigated to explain anti-inflamation and allergy effects of lactobacillus mixture culture fluid with cell-enzyme-linked Immunosorbent assay in 450 nm, 485 nm, 535 nm with spectro-fluorometer. Results : The extracts of lactobacillus mixture culture fluid were decreased TARC/CCL17, MDC/CCL22, RANTES/CCL5 expressions and ROS production with a concentration dependent manner. Conclusions : The effects mechanism of Lactobacillus mixed culture fluid for atopic dermatitis symptoms were considered to be explain anti-inflamation and allergy effects via control of cytokine, chemokine and ROS production, and the fluid could be applied in skin cells directly. But classified AD symptom degrees reported in clinical case before as Reaction Period, Reduction Period, Effect Period, Reproduction Period and Rebound Period could not be explained. Further study will be expected.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.187-196
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• 2008

Background: Upregulation of one type of the pro-inflammatory chemokine (CCL2) and its receptor (CCR2) following peripheral nerve injury contributes to the induction of neuropathic pain. Here, we examined whether another type of chemokine (CCL3) is involved in neuropathic pain. Methods: We measured changes in mechanical and thermal sensitivity in the hind paws of naïve rats or rats with an L5 spinal nerve ligation (SNL) after intra-plantar injection of CCL3 or met-RANTES, an antagonist of the CCL3 receptor, CCR1. We also measured CCL3 levels in the sciatic nerve and the hind paw skin as well as CCR1 expression in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells from the lumbar spinal segments. Results: Intra-plantar injection of CCL3 into the hind paw of naive rats mimicked L5 SNL-produced hyperalgesia. Intra-plantar injection of met-RANTES into the hind paw of rats with L5 SNL attenuated hyperalgesia. L5 SNL increased CCL3 levels in the sciatic nerve and the hind paw skin on the affected side. The number of CCR1-positive DRG cells in the lumbar segments was not changed following L5 SNL. Conclusions: Partial peripheral nerve injury increases local CCL3 levels along the degenerating axons during Wallerian degeneration. This CCL3 binds to its receptor, CCR1, located on adjacent uninjured afferents, presumably nociceptors, to induce hyperalgesia in the neuropathic pain state.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2014

Objectives: This study was designed to find the effect of Phragmitis Rhizoma (PR) herbal-acupuncture solution on the inflammatory cytokine and chemokine secretion in human mast cell (HMC) and human alveolar epithelial cell 549 (A549) lines. Methods: Histamine levels in HMC after PR herbal-acupuncture solution treatment were measured with ELISA. Other cytokines and chemokines levels such as interleukin 8 (IL-8), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 (Ccl5, RANTES) in A549 were measured with flow cytometry CBA system. Results: In the PR herbal-acupuncture solution treatment group, the expression of histamine, IL-8, MPC-1, Ccl5, and RANTES decreased significantly. Conclusions: The results support that PR herbal-acupuncture solution had a suppressive effect on cytokine-induced inflammation.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.5-13
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• 2015

Objectives : The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of water extracts of Sasangja-tang(SSJ) and Gami-sasangja-tang(GSJ) were investigated. The effects of SSJ and GSJ were compared. Methods : We performed cell viability assay in HaCaT cells and RAW 264.7 cells using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT) assay. We measured chemokines(regulated on activation normal T-cell expression and secreted ; RANTES/CCL5, interferon-inducible protein; IP-10/CXCL10, macrophage-derived chemokine; MDC/CCL22) in HaCat cells, also we measured cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$; TNF-${\alpha}$, interleukin-6; IL-6) and nitric oxide(NO) production in RAW 264.7 cells using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) and NO assay. Western blot assay was used to evaluate the expression for inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) in RAW 264.7 cells. Results : SSJ and GSJ did not affect the cell viability at the concentrations treated ($0-800{\mu}g/ml$). As a result of SSJ and GSJ treatment in HaCat cells stimulated by TNF-${\alpha}$(10 ng/ml) and interferon(IFN)-${\gamma}$(10 ng/ml), the production of RANTES and IP-10 was inhibited significantly. However there was no significant difference in the secretion of MDC. And in RAW 264. 7 cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide(LPS, $1{\mu}g/ml$), SSJ and GSJ treatment significantly inhibited the secretion of TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-6 and the production of NO. The expression of iNOS was also decresed by SSJ and GSJ treatment in RAW 264. 7 cells. Compared with SSJ, GSJ was superior to SSJ in inhibition of RANTES, IP-10, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6 and NO production at the concentration of $200{\mu}g/ml$. Conclusion : Both SSJ and GSJ have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. And GSJ has better effects than SSJ.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.41-47
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• 2022

Objectives : Terminalia chebula (TC) has been used as a traditional remedy to treat gastrointestinal infectious and inflammatory diseases. However, its protective effects and mechanisms against skin inflammation have not been well-elucidated. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the protective effects of the TC water extract and also to suggest a putative mechanism of TC against skin injury on human keratinocytes, HaCaT cells. Methods : HaCaT cells were pre-treated with TC for 1 h and then stimulated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) (10 ng/mL each) to induce skin inflammation and injury. After 24 h, the cells were harvested to evaluate the expression of Th2 chemokines, such as C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5, also known as RANTES), C-C chemokine ligand 17 (CCL17, also known as TARC) and C-C chemokine ligand 22 (CCL22, also known as MDC). To investigate the regulatory mechanisms of TC, we also assessed the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) signaling pathways in HaCaT cells. Results : Treatment of TC decreased the mRNA levels of RANTES, TARC and MDC with a concentration dependent manner against co-stimulation of TNF-α and IFN-γ. In addition, TC significantly reduced TNF-α and IFN-γ induced phosphorylation of STAT1. Conclusions : In summary, we propose that TC may be a promising candidate for anti-inflammatory skin protector through the inhibition of chemokines via STAT1 deactivation.

• 생약학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.279-285
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• 2012

The Mume Fructus (MF) has been used for relieves cough, arrests arrest chronic diarrhea, treat fluid depletion, and treat ascariasis in Korea. In this study, a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was established for simultaneous determination of six main components of MF. Additionally, we were investigated the anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects of MF extract on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW264.7 cells and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$/interferon (IFN)-${\gamma}$-treated HaCaT cells. The analytical column for separation was used a Gemini $C_{18}$ column maintained at $40^{\circ}C$. The mobile phase consisted of 1.0% (v/v) acetic acid in water (A) and 1.0% (v/v) acetic acid in acetonitrile (B). The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min and the detector was a photodiode array (PDA) set at 280 nm and 320 nm. We evaluated the inhibitory effect of MF extract on the production of inflammatory markers, nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and thymus- and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC/CCL17) in TNF-${\alpha}$/IFN-${\gamma}$-treated HaCaT cells, respectively. We confirmed the genes expression related with TARC, macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC/CCL22) and regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES/CCL5) in HaCaT keratinocyte cells by MF extract. The contents of the five compounds in MF were 0.22-1.01 mg/g. Also, the MF extract show inhibition of about 78% and 75% on NO and $PGE_2$ production at the concentration 1000 mg/mL in RAW264.7 cells. MF extract suppressed the hTARC level and genes expression such as TARC, MDC, and RANTES on TNF-${\alpha}$/IFN-${\gamma}$-treated HaCaT cells.

• 생약학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.231-238
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• 2012

Menthae herba (MH) extracts exhibit anti-inflammatory effects. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the anti-inflammatory effects of MH extracts vary according to the cultivation regions. We performed a comparative analysis of MH extracts by evaluating the production of inflammatory mediators in RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells and HaCaT human keratinocyte cells. MH extracts obtained from different cultivation regions in Korea and China significantly reduced the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$), and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) in RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). No differences in these inhibitory activities were observed between MH extracts. In HaCaT cells stimulated with TNF-${\alpha}$ and interferon-${\gamma}$ (IFN-${\gamma}$), MH extracts did not inhibit the production of macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC/CCL22), but most extracts reduced the production of the regulated on activation normal T-cell expression and secreted (RANTES/CCL5). We used clustering tree analysis of the MH extracts according to the chromatographic pattern and anti-inflammatory potency of MH extracts. We observed differences in the chromatographic pattern of MH extracts but no difference in anti-inflammatory potency. Our findings suggest that MH extracts from different regions do not show any differences in their pharmacological potency in that MH extracts are used as therapeutic agents to treat inflammatory disorders.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.41-50
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• 2022

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of water extract of Agastache rugosa (AR) on productions of inflammatory mediators in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages. Methods : Cell viabilities were measured with MTT assay. The production of nitric oxide (NO) from RAW 264.7 cells was measured with Griess reagent assay. The production of cytokines in RAW 264.7 cells was measured with multiplex cytokine assay. Results : AR showed no cytotoxicity on RAW 264.7 cells. AR at concentrations of 25, 50, 100, and 200 ㎍/mL significantly inhibited NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. AR at concentrations of 50, 100, and 200 ㎍/mL significantly inhibited productions of TNF-α and IL-1β in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells; AR at concentrations of 50 and 200 ㎍/mL significantly inhibited productions of RANTES (CCL5) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells; AR at concentrations of 100 ㎍/mL significantly inhibited productions of macrophage inflammatory protein-1β in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells; AR at concentrations of 50, 100, and 200 ㎍/mL significantly increased productions of IP-10 (CXCL10) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells; AR at concentrations of 100 and 200 ㎍/mL significantly increased MCP-1 (CCL-2) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells; AR at concentrations of 50 and 100 ㎍/mL significantly increased productions of IL-10 in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Conclusions : AR might have immunomodulatory effects on productions of NO, cytokines, and chemokines in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.115-122
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• 2012

Objectives : This study evaluated activities and ingredient contents concerning extracts according to extraction solvents of Insampaedok-san (IS, Renshen bai du-san). Methods : The herbal constituents of IS were extracted with water and 70% ethanol at $100^{\circ}C$ for 2 hr. Using the HPLC system, the six ingredient contents of different solvent extracts of IS were analyzed. The nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) production and proinflammatory cytokines were measured in RAW264.7 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC/CCL22) and regulated on activation normal T-cell expression and secreted (RANTES/CCL5) production were measured in HaCaT and BEAS-2B cells stimulated tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) and interferon-${\gamma}$ (IFN-${\gamma}$). The activities of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) and leptin level were measured in 3T3-L1 cells. Results : The calibration curves showed good linearity ($r^2$=1.0000) for different concentration ranges. The contents of liquiritin, naringin, hesperidin, neohesperirin and glycyrrizin in 70% ethanol extracts of IS were relatively higher than that of water extract, however the content of ferulic acid in 70% ethanol and water extract of IS were similar. The extraction solvents of water and 70% ethanol were evaluated inhibitory effect on the production of NO, $PGE_2$, TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-6 in RAW 264.7 cells. Their extractions were inhibitory effect on production of MDC/CCL22 and RANTES/CCL5 in HaCaT cell and BEAS-2B cell, respectively. In addition, evaluated reduced on GPDH activity and leptin level in 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cell. Conclusions : Our results suggest that IS extracts were inhibitory effects of disease such as inflammation, allergies and obesity.