• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.133-137
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• 2021

Foot rot symptoms were occasionally observed on young bok choy (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis) and kale (B. oleracea var. viridis) plants grown in vinyl greenhouses located in Icheon and Yangpyeong, Gyeonggi Province, Korea. These observations were made during disease surveys in April 2020. The incidence of diseased plants in the vinyl greenhouses investigated was 0.5-1.0% in bok choy and 0.5-5.0% in kale. Five isolates of Rhizoctonia sp. were obtained from diseased roots of bok choy and three isolates of Rhizoctonia sp. were taken from diseased stems of kale. All the Rhizoctonia sp. isolates were identified as Rhizoctonia solani AG-2-1 based on the morphological characteristics and anastomosis test. Three isolates each of R. solani AG-2-1 from bok choy and kale were tested for pathogenicity in their host plants by artificial inoculation. The tested isolates induced foot rot symptoms on the inoculated bok choy and kale plants. The symptoms on the bok choy and kale, induced by the artificial inoculation, were similar to those observed on plants from the vinyl greenhouses that were investigated. This is the first report of R. solani AG-2-1 causing foot rot in bok choy and kale in Korea.

• Plant Resources
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.36-52
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• 2003

The medicinal plants in 22 unhabited islands of Jindo-gun, Chonnam provincde were investigated from March 2000 to October 2002. The medicinal plants in 22 uninhabited islands of Jindo-gun were consisted 366 taxa; 95 families, 269 genus, 309 species, 52 varieties, 3 forma, and 2 subspecies. Important medicinal plants on survey area were Lemmaphyllum microphyllum, Dendropanax morbifera, Ficus erecta, Farfugium japonicum, Machilus thunbergii, Juniperus chinensis var. procumbens, Dendrobium moniliforme, Pyrrhosia tricuspis, Cinnamomum japonicum, Pittosporum tobira, Kadsura japonica, and Daphniphyllum macropodum, This result can be used as basic information data for medicinal research and the conservation of uninhabited islands.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.45-51
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• 1993

Many plants collected at Japan, China, Korea, Imdonesia and South America were applied to antitumor and / or cytotoxic screening tests against Sarcoma 180 ascites in mice and / or V-79, KB, P388 cultured cells. On the course of these screening tests, alcoholic extracts of Forsythia viridissima (Oleaceae), Eurycoma longifolia(Simaroubaceae), Rubia cordifolia and R. akane(Rubiaceae), Cissampelos pareira and Abuta concolor (Menispermaceae), Nardostachys chinensis (Valerianacese), Mansoa alliaceae (Bignoniaceae), Casearia sylvestris (Flacourtiacear), Maytenus ilicifolia (Celastraceae), Hedychium coronarium (Zingiberaceae), Croton palanostigma(Euphorbiaceae), Cocculus trilobus(Menispermaceae), Ginkgo biloba(Ginkgoaceae), Alpinia galanga and Cucculus zanthorrhiza(Zingiberaceae), Evodia rutaecarpa(Rutaceae), and Periploca sepium(Asclepiadaceae) showed significant activity and their active principles were clarified. In this paper, a few antitumor substances in above plants are introduced.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.186-191
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• 1995

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of herbicides on weed control, growth characteristics and yield in rapes, after direct seeding it to the field. All herbicides treated had no effect on the emergence period, bolting rate of rapes. The major weeds were Cerastium holosteoides var. hallaisanense, Stellaria media Villars, Larnium ampleicaule L., Lobelia chinensis Lour., Geranium wilfordii Maxim. and Capsellu bursa-pastoris (L.) Medicus. Rapes yield were increased somewhat more with alachlor-G, herbicide than the other hehicides and by hand weeding. Alachlor-G and alachlor-Ec were had no i j u r y but butachlor- G and simajin-Wp were slightly harmful for the rapes with recommended concentration. On the other hand all hehicides were harmful in the double dosage level.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.73-79
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• 2003

To discover the sources with antioxidative activity in traditional medicines, 100 extracts of Korean medicinal plants were screened for their scavenging effect on peroxynitrite $(ONOO^{-})$ and total reactive oxygen species (ROS). The potency of total ROS scavenging activity was shown in the extracts of 25 plants, and 4 of their species, Macleaya cordata R. Br., Salvia plebeia R. Br., Cassia tora L. and Angelica gigas Nakai, had a greater effect with $IC_{50}$ values of $1.7{\pm}0.36$, $4.3{\pm}1.08$, $4.9{\pm}0.17$ and $5.8{\pm}1.01\;{\mu}g/ml$, respectively, than that of trolox, positive control $(7.61{\pm}0.12\;{\mu}g/ml)$. Another 35 extracts exhibited inhibitory effect of below 50 percent at $100\;{\mu}g/ml$ of sample concentrations on total ROS, while the rest observed total ROS generators rather than scavengers. The peroxynitrite scavenging activities were observed in the greater part of the plants tested. Five of them, Schisandra chinensis Baill, Campsis grandiflora (Thunb.) K. Schum., Cedrela sinensis A. Juss., Pleuropterus multiflorus Turcz. and Veronica linariaefolia Pall represented scavenging activities on peroxynitrite twice as strong with $IC_{50}$ Values of $0.48{\pm}0.10$, $0.59{\pm}0.15$, $0.60{\pm}0.10$, $0.64{\pm}0.10$ and $0.91{\pm}0.23\;{\mu}g/ml$, respectively, as that of penicillamine $(1.72{\pm}0.05\;{\mu}g/ml)$, positive control. Consequently, 25 species of the entire plants tested, exhibited scavenging activities on total ROS and $ONOO^{-}$, Salvia plebeia R. Br., Macleaya cordata R. Br., Cassia tora L. and Angelica gigas Nakai exerted potent scavenging activities on both radicals.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.808-816
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• 2018

Bacterial biofilms have been demonstrated to be closely related to clinical infections and contribute to drug resistance. Berberine, which is the main component of Coptis chinensis, has been reported to have efficient antibacterial activity. This study aimed to investigate the potential effect of a combination of berberine with ciprofloxacin (CIP) to inhibit Salmonella biofilm formation and its effect on expressions of related genes (rpoE, luxS, and ompR). The fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index of the combination of berberine with CIP is 0.75 showing a synergistic antibacterial effect. The biofilm's adhesion rate and growth curve showed that the multi-resistant Salmonella strain had the potential to form a biofilm relative to that of strain CVCC528, and the antibiofilm effects were in a dose-dependent manner. Biofilm microstructures were rarely observed at $1/2{\times}MIC/FIC$ concentrations (MIC, minimal inhibition concentration), and the combination had a stronger antibiofilm effect than each of the antimicrobial agents used alone at $1/4{\times}FIC$ concentration. LuxS, rpoE, and ompR mRNA expressions were significantly repressed (p< 0.01) at $1/2{\times}MIC/FIC$ concentrations, and the berberine and CIP combination repressed mRNA expressions more strongly at the $1/4{\times}FIC$ concentration. The results indicate that the combination of berberine and CIP has a synergistic effect and is effective in inhibiting Salmonella biofilm formation via repression of luxS, rpoE, and ompR mRNA expressions.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.439-455
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• 2018

Hanon made in the largest maar crater in Korea, is the only paddy field ecosystem in Jeju Island that has been conducting rice farming, for the past 500 years. Flora surveys were conducted eight times, 2015-2018, to understand floristic characteristics and a restoration plan of the study area. As a result, vascular plants of Hanon paddy fields were listed 225 taxa that consist of 55 families, 151 genera, 194 species, 1 subspecies, 25 varieties, and 4 forms. The taxonomic group including the most species, was Gramineae (36 taxa). The next families were Compositae (29 taxa), Cyperaceae (20), Leguminosae (13), and Polygonaceae (11). Biological type of the Hanon was $Th-R_5-D_4-t$ type. The rare plants revealed 3 taxa; Ottelia alismoides(L.) Pers., Acorus calamus L., Pseudoraphis ukishiba Ohwi. Endemic plant revealed 1 taxon; Saururus chinensis(Lour.) Baill. Forty three taxa were naturalized plants composed of 15 families, 24 genera, 41 species, and 2 varieties. The urbanization index and naturalized index were 13.3% and 16.9%, respectively. The Hanon has high plant diversity, including endemic plant and rare plants, and is the only rice paddy in Jeju Island. So, the Hanon has sufficient values in ecological and socio-cultural aspects, so it should be maintained continuously in the future.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.227-237
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• 1997

Five species of intertidal clams including Ruditapes philippinarum, Tegillarca granosa, Solen strictus, Heteromacoma irus, and Coecella chinensis were tested for the presence of the protozoan parasite, Perkinsus sp. using fluid thioglycollate medium (FTM) fortified with antibiotics and histological techniques. Each individual clam was placed in a test tube filled with 10ml FTM, placed in totally dark place, and incubated over a week. After incubation the clam tissues were stained with Lugol's iodine solution and examined under a light microscope to find out any hypnospores of Perkensus sp. in the tissues. Cross-sections of the clams were also embedded in paraffin, sliced to 3um, and stained with Harry's hematoxylene and Picro eosine to observe the presence of tomont or trophozoites. Perkinsus sp. were found in the presence of tomont or trophozoites. Perkinsus sp. were found in the tissues of R. philippinarum collected from Kangjin and Wando, along the south coast of Korea. However, Perkinsus sp. was not found in four other species of clams nor R. philippinaurm collected from Kimnyong and Waido in Cheju. A size-dependent Perkinsus sp. infection was found in R. philippinarum collected rom Kangjin and Wando the clams smaller than 15mm in shell width do not exhibit and Perkinsus sp. while other clams greater than 20mm in shell width exhibit almost 100% infection. To determine the number of Perkinsus sp. in the clams, FTM cultured clam tissues were digested with 2M NaOH solution and the number of hypnospores in the tube were counted. The number of hypnospores counted from the tissues indicated that each Manila clam contains 100,000 to 3,500,000 Perkinsus cells or 20,000 to 1,000,000 cells per gram tissue wet weight. The results of cell counts also suggests that such a high occurrence of Perkinsus sp. in the clam may cause mortality, as already reported from other studies of Perkinsus spp.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.280-288
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• 2018

In this study, an approach for the analysis of the five cephalopod species (octopus, long-arm octopus, squid, wet-foot octopus, beka squid) consumed in the Republic of Korea is developed. The samples were collected from the Southeast Asian countries Thailand, Indonesia, Vietnam, and China. The SYBR-green-based real-time qPCR method, based on the mitochondrial DNA genome of the five cephalopods was developed and validated. The intergroup variations in the mitochondrial DNA are evident in the bioinformatic analysis of the mitochondrial genomic DNA sequences of the five groups. Some of the highly-conserved and slightly-variated regions are identified in the mitochondrial cytochrome-c-oxidase subunit I (COI) gene, 16s ribosomal RNA (16s rRNA) gene, and 12s ribosomal RNA (12s rRNA) gene of these groups. To specify each five cephalopod groups, specific primer sets were designed from the COI, 16s rRNA and 12s rRNA regions. The specific primer sets amplified the DNA using the SYBR-green-based real-time PCR system and 11 commercially secured animal tissues: Octopus vulgaris, Octopus minor, Todarodes pacificus, Dosidicus gigas, Sepia esculenta, Amphioctopus fangsiao, Amphioctopus aegina, Amphioctopus marginatus, Loliolus beka, Loligo edulis, and Loligo chinensis. The results confirmed by a conveient way to calculate relative amplification levels between different samples in that it directly uses the threshold cycles (Ct)-value range generated by the qPCR system from these samples. This genomic DNA-based molecular technique provides a quick, accurate, and reliable method for the taxonomic classification of the animal tissues using the real-time qPCR.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.201-207
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• 2016

In LID facilities treating stormwater runoff, various kinds of plants are applied for water circulation recovery and pollutant reduction. However, rapid changes of soil moisture due to the use of porous media and spread of deicing material during winter season cause slow plant growth that detrimentally leads to many problems including death of plants. Therefore, this study was performed to evaluate the salt resistance of plants, its effects on pollutants removal, and water circulation recovery. Eight different kinds of plants applicable to an LID facility were selected for the experiment, which were Bridal wreath (Spiraea japonica, S.J), Azalea (Rhododendron indicum, R.I), Dawn Redwood (Metasequoia glyptostroboides, M.G), Sweet flag (Acorus calamus A.C), Dwarf fan-shape columbine(Aquilegia flabellata, A.F), Pink (Dianthus chinensis, D.C), Pratia pedunculata (Pratia pedunculata, P.B) and Marigold (Tagetes patula, T.P). Woody plants such as S.P, R.I, and M.G appear to have less salt resistance compared to the other herbaceous plants. Specifically, M.G achieved the highest salt resistance among the other woody plants being followed by S.P, and R.I, respectively. For herbaceous plants, T.L and D.C have the higher salt resistances than that of A.C, P.B, and A.F, respectively. Regardless of the influence of salt to most of the plants, TN and TP were reduced more than 60% and the study suggests the M.G showed high pollutant removal efficiency and provided better water circulation by means of active photosynthesis and respiration due to higher growth.