Korean Journal of Environmental Biology (환경생물)

Korean Society of Environmental Biology (한국환경생물학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Flora and Restoration Plan of Hanon Paddy Fields Made in Maar Crater, Jeju Island, South Korea

제주도 마르형 분화구 내에 형성된 하논의 식물상과 복원 방안

  • 김명현 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 기후변화생태과) ;
  • 남형규 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 기후변화생태과) ;
  • 어진우 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 기후변화생태과) ;
  • 권순익 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 기후변화생태과) ;
  • 송영주 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 기후변화생태과)
  • Received : 2018.09.11
  • Accepted : 2018.10.15
  • Published : 2018.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Hanon made in the largest maar crater in Korea, is the only paddy field ecosystem in Jeju Island that has been conducting rice farming, for the past 500 years. Flora surveys were conducted eight times, 2015-2018, to understand floristic characteristics and a restoration plan of the study area. As a result, vascular plants of Hanon paddy fields were listed 225 taxa that consist of 55 families, 151 genera, 194 species, 1 subspecies, 25 varieties, and 4 forms. The taxonomic group including the most species, was Gramineae (36 taxa). The next families were Compositae (29 taxa), Cyperaceae (20), Leguminosae (13), and Polygonaceae (11). Biological type of the Hanon was $Th-R_5-D_4-t$ type. The rare plants revealed 3 taxa; Ottelia alismoides(L.) Pers., Acorus calamus L., Pseudoraphis ukishiba Ohwi. Endemic plant revealed 1 taxon; Saururus chinensis(Lour.) Baill. Forty three taxa were naturalized plants composed of 15 families, 24 genera, 41 species, and 2 varieties. The urbanization index and naturalized index were 13.3% and 16.9%, respectively. The Hanon has high plant diversity, including endemic plant and rare plants, and is the only rice paddy in Jeju Island. So, the Hanon has sufficient values in ecological and socio-cultural aspects, so it should be maintained continuously in the future.

국내 최대 규모의 마르형 분화구 내에 형성된 하논은 제주도에서 유일하게 벼농사가 약 500년 동안 유지되고 있는 논 생태계이다. 이러한 하논의 식물상 특성과 복원 방안을 파악하고자 2015년부터 2018년 사이 총 8회에 걸쳐 식물상을 조사하였다. 그 결과, 관속식물은 55과 151속 194종 1아종 26변종 4품종으로 총 225분류군으로 조사되었다. 과별 분포현황은 벼과가 가장 많은 36분류군을 차지하였고, 다음으로 국화과 29분류군, 사초과 20분류군, 콩과 13분류군, 마디풀과 11분류군으로 나타났다. 하논에 출현한 식물의 생활형 조성은 일년생식물-단립식물-중력산포형-총생형($Th-R_5-D_4-t$)으로 나타났다. 희귀식물로는 물질경이 (Ottelia alismoides (L.) Pers.), 창포(Acorus calamus L.), 물잔디(Pseudoraphis ukishiba Ohwi) 3종이 확인되었다. 멸종위기야생식물은 멸종위기야생생물 II급인 삼백초 (Saururus chinensis (Lour.) Baill.) 1종이 확인되었다. 귀화식물은 15과 34속 41종 2변종으로 총 43분류군이 확인되었고, 도시화지수는 13.3%, 귀화율은 16.9%를 나타냈다. 현재 제주도 하논은 멸종위기야생식물, 희귀식물을 포함하여 높은 식물 다양성을 가지고 있을 뿐만 아니라, 제주도 유일의 벼농사 지역으로서 지속적으로 보전해야할 충분한 경관생태적, 사회문화적 가치를 지니고 있다고 판단된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Bengtsson J, J Ahnstrom and AC Weibull. 2005. The effects of organic agriculture on biodiversity and abundance: a meta-analysis. J. Appl. Ecol. 42:261-269.
  2. Bowers K, ES Kim, YC Yang and SC Lee. 2014. A study on restoration plans of Jeju Hanon maar crater. WEIS 4:45-82.
  3. CBD. 2010. Decision X/34. online: www.cbd.int/doc/decisions/cop-10/cop-10-dec-34-en.pdf. Accessed on 8 October 2018.
  4. Choe LJ, KJ Cho, MS Han, MK Kim, SK Choi, HS Bang, J Eo, YE Na and MH Kim. 2016. Benthic macroinvertebrate biodiversity improved with irrigation ponds linked to a rice paddy field. Entomol. Res. 46:70-79.
  5. Cho HJ. 2008. The archaeology of early rice cultivation in Korean peninsula. Doctoral thesis, Chonnam National University.
  6. Choi KH, KS Yoon and JW Kim. 2006. Reconstruction of the volcanic lake in Hanon volcano using the spatial statistical techniques. J. Korean Geogr. Soc. 41:391-403.
  7. Choi YE, NS Lee and HR Kim. 2017. A study on the flora and vegetation of Myodo Island in Yeosu Si. J. Kor. Island 29:283-308.
  8. Chung CH, HI Yoon and SH Lee. 2004. Paleoclimatic implications of palynoflora from the quaternry sediments at Seogwipo, Jeju Island, Korea. J. Korean Earth Sci. Soc. 25:377-385.
  9. Ha HY, KS Hwang, SJ Suh, IY Lee, YJ Oh, J Park, JK Choi, EJ Kim, SH Cho, OD Kwon, IB Im, SK Kim, DG Seong, YJ Chung, WJ Lee, CS Kim, JE Park and KW Park. 2014. A survey of weed occurrence on paddy field in Korea. Weed Turf. Sci. 3:71-77.
  10. Han MS, HK Nam, KK Kang, M Kim, YE Na, HR Kim and MH Kim. 2013. Characteristics of benthic invertebrates in organic and conventional paddy field. Korean J. Environ. Agric. 32:17-23. https://doi.org/10.5338/KJEA.2013.32.1.17
  11. Han MS, YE Na, HS Bang, MH Kim, MK Kim, KA Roh and JT Lee. 2007. The fauna of aquatic invertebrates in paddy field. Korean J. Environ. Agric. 26:267-273.
  12. Hesler LS, AA Grigarick, MJ Oraze and AT Palrange. 1993. Arthropod fauna of conventional and organic rice fields in California. J. Econ. Entomol. 86:149-158.
  13. Hole DG, AJ Perkins, JD Wilson, IH Alexander, PV Grice and AD Evans. 2005. Does organic farming benefit biodiversity? Biol. Conserv. 122:113-130.
  14. Jang KS, KH Lee, KW An, KS Baek, CJ Oh, HC Yu and JY Kim. 2014. The temporal variation of Songido's vascular flora. J. Kor. Island 26:129-150.
  15. Jeong G. 2014a. Historical geography of rice farming in Jeju Island: A case of Cheonjeyeon area. J. Cult. Hist. Geogr. 26:56-72.
  16. Jeong G. 2014b. Historical geography of rice farming in Jeju Island: A case of Hanon.Cheonjeyeon.Jongdal village area. Master thesis. Jeju National University.
  17. Kang DH, EY Yim and MO Moon. 2015. Flora of aquatic and wetland habitats on Jeju Island. Korean J. Pl. Taxon. 45:96-107.
  18. Kang SS, WK Paik, WT Lee, GJ Jang and KO Yoo. 2006. Flora and vegetation of Mt. Bokgyesan. J. Environ. Ecol. 20:208-226.
  19. Kariyama S and H Kobatake. 1988. Naturalized plants of Gagyu-zan, Takahashi-city, Okayama prefecture, Japan. Bull. Kurashiki Mus. Nat. Hist. 3:31-40.
  20. Kim CH, JH Choi and NS Lee. 2015b. A study on the flora and life form of the south coast main reclaimed land, Korea. J. Kor. Island 27:175-190.
  21. Kim HJ, DC Son, DH Lee, JS Han, SY Jung, S So, K Choi and HJ Kim. 2016b. Flora of vascular plants in Mueido (Incheon), Korea. Korean J. Environ. Biol. 34:246-256.
  22. Kim MH, J Eo, SI Kwon and YJ Song. 2017. Flora and vegetation of hilly pasture in Daegwallyeong. Korean J. Environ. Biol. 35:398-412. https://doi.org/10.11626/KJEB.2017.35.3.398
  23. Kim MH, KJ Cho, YJ Oh, D Yang, WJ Lee, S Park, SK Choi, J Eo, MK Kim and YE Na. 2016a. Life form and naturalization characteristics of naturalized plants in upland fields of South Korea. Korean J. Environ. Biol. 34:63-72.
  24. Kim MH, LJ Choe, MS Han, SK Choi, YE Na, KK Kang and J Eo. 2016c. Effects of conventional and organic farming on ground-dwelling invertebrates in paddy levees. Korean J. Org. Agric. 24:539-556.
  25. Kim MH, MS Han, CM Choi, MP Jung, YE Na and KK Kang. 2010. Flora and life form of habitats for Nannophya pygmaea Rambur. Korean J. Environ. Agric. 29:206-213.
  26. Kim MH, MS Han, HK Nam, KK Kang and M Kim. 2012. Geological distribution of aquatic invertebrates living in paddy fields of South Korea. Korean J. Soil Sci. Ferti. 45:1136-1142.
  27. Kim MH, SK Choi, MK Kim, LJ Choe, SC Hong, GB Jung, KJ Cho, D Han, YJ Oh, WJ Lee, D Yang, S Park and YE Na. 2015a. Characteristics of flora on dry field margins in Korean peninsula. Korean J. Environ. Agric. 34:77-90.
  28. Ko SC, DC Son and BK Park. 2014. Flora of Sumeunmulbaengdui wetland in Jeju-do, Korea. Korean J. Pl. Taxon. 44:222-232.
  29. Lee IY, YJ Oh, J Park, JK Choi, EJ Kim, KW Park, SH Cho, OD Kwon, IB Im, SK Kim, DG Seong, CS Kim, J Lee, HA Seo and WS Kim. 2017. Occurrence characteristics of weed flora by regions and agro-climatic zonal in paddy fields of Korea. Weed Turf. Sci. 6:11-20. https://doi.org/10.5660/WTS.2017.6.1.11
  30. Lee KS, MG Cho, HS Moon and KS Jeon. 2013. The list of vascular plants at Junam wetland in Changwon city. Korean J. Agric. For. Meteorol. 15:67-75.
  31. Lee SC, BC Kim and YH Ahn. 2005. Fundamental study of Hanon wetland in Seoguepo city, Jeju Island: The case of natural environment, bird species and vascular plants. J. Plant Environ. 1:49-57.
  32. Lee TB. 1980. Illustrated flora of Korea. Hangmunsa Press. Seoul.
  33. Lee TB. 2003. Coloured flora of Korea. Hangmunsa Press. Seoul.
  34. Lee WT. 1996a. Standard illustrations of Korean plants. Academy Press. Seoul.
  35. Lee WT. 1996b. Lineamenta florae Korea. Academy Press. Seoul.
  36. Lee YH, YJ Oh, SH Hong, CS Na, YE Na, CS Kim and SI Sohn. 2015. Predicting the suitable habitat of invasive alien plant Conyza bonariensis based on climate change scenarios. J. Clim. Res. 6:243-248.
  37. Lee YM, SH Park and SS Jung. 2002a. Vegetational composition and flora of Jungnangcheon in Seoul. Kor. J. Env. Eco. 16:271-286.
  38. Lee YM, SS Kim, DK Cho and SS Jung. 2002b. The flora in Chungnyeongsan and Seorisan. Kor. J. Env. Eco. 16:104-123.
  39. Lim DO and IC Hwang. 2006. Exotic plants and conservation in Gayasan national park. Kor. J. Env. Eco. 20:281-288.
  40. Lim DO, YM Ryu and IC Hwang. 2004. An analysis of the environmental index and the distribution of naturalized plants in large rivers of downtown Gwangju metropolitan city. Kor. J. Env. Eco. 18:288-296.
  41. Na YE, KA Roh, SB Lee, MS Han and ME Park. 1996. Changes in soil chemical properties and vegetation succession in abandoned paddy ecosystem. J. Korean Soc. Soil Sci. Fert. 29:199-206.
  42. Nam HK, YJ Song, SI Kwon, J Eo and MH Kim. 2018. Potential change in the distribution of seven agricultural indicator plant speices in response to climate change at agroecosystem in South Korea. Korean J. Ecol. Environ. (in press).
  43. Numata M. 1970. Illustrated plant ecology. pp. 33-43. Ashakura Book Co. Tokyo, Japan.
  44. Numata M. 1975. Naturalized plants. pp. 1-160. Dai Nippon printing Co. Tokyo, Japan.
  45. Oh S, KL Zhin and SC Koh. 2009. Studies on flora of wetlands on Jeju city for application as nature exploration sites. J. Environ. Sci. 18:411-422.
  46. Oh YJ, YC Ku, JH Lee and YS Ham. 1981. Distribution of weed population in the paddy field in Korea 1981. Kor. J. Weed Sci. 1:21-29.
  47. Paik CH, GH Lee, JG Kang, YK Jeon, MY Choi and HY Seo. 2009. Plant flora and insect fauna in the fallow paddy fields of Jeonnam and Jeonbuk province. Korean J. Appl. Entomol. 48:285-294.
  48. Park JE, IY Lee, BC Moon, CS Kim, TS Park, ST Lim, JR Cho, SM Oh, YC Ku, IB Im and JB Hwang. 2002. Occurrence characteristics and dynamics of weed flora in paddy rice field. J. Weed Sci. 22:272-279.
  49. Park S, BR An, SY Jang and SJ Park. 2011. Diversity of Moojechineup's flora. Korean J. Pl. Taxon. 41:370-382.
  50. Park SJ, SJ Park and SW Son. 2009. The flora of coastal sand dune area in Gyeongsangbuk-do. Kor. J. Env. Eco. 23:392-410.
  51. Ramsar. 2008. Resolution X.31. online: www.ramsar.org/sites/default/files/documents/pdf/res/key_res_x_31_e.pdf. accessed on 8 October 2018.
  52. Raunkiaer C. 1934. Life form of plants and statistical plant geography. Charendon Press. Oxford.
  53. Shim IS, JB Kim, YK Jung, IH Park, MH Kim, HS Shin and KJ Cho. 2015. Eco-floristic characters of vegetation in successional stages of abandoned paddy fields. J. Korean Env. Res. Tech. 18:29-41.
  54. Yang YH. 2007. Studies on the vegetation of naturalized plants in Jeju Island. Kor. J. Weed Sci. 27:112-121.
  55. Yatagai S, K Takemura, T Naruse, H Kitagawa, H Fukusawa, MH Kim and Y Yasuda. 2002. Monsoon changes and eolian dust deposition over the past 30,000 years in Cheju Island, Korea. Trans. Japan. Geomorph. Union 23:821-831.
  56. Yim YJ and ES Jeon. 1980. Distribution of naturalized plants in the Korean penindula. Korean J. Bot. 23:69-83.
  57. Yoon SH, BG Lee and YK Sohn. 2006a. Geomorphic and geological characteristics and eruption process of the Hanon volcano, Jeju Island. J. Geol. Soc. Korea 42:19-30.
  58. Yoon SH, HI Yoon and SH Lee. 2006b. Sedimentary characteristics of Hanon crater-lake deposit and implications for paleo-environmental changes. Korean J. Plant Environ. 2:19-28.
  59. You JH, KH Park, SG Jung, KT Kim and WS Lee. 2009. Flora and restoration plan of Sandeul wetland in Mt. Jaeyak, Miryang-si, Korea. J. Korean Env. Res. Tech. 12:13-31.
  60. You JH, YH Jin, HW Jang, DW Lee, HB Yun, GY Lee and CH Lee. 2003. The flora of Mt. Baekwoon in Chungcheongbuk-do. Kor. J. Env. Eco. 17:210-223.