• 대한교통학회지
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• 제20권7호
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• pp.177-183
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• 2002

현재 국내 VMS 운영은 대체로 소극적 정보제공에 머물고 있으며, 정보제공 우선순위. 조합 가능한 메시지 집합 등이 포함된 간단한 형태의 지식기반 추론엔진 방식에 의하고 있다. 또한 VMS 관련 연구도 해당도로의 상황을 정확히 검지하고 예측하는 방법론 개발에 집중되어 있다. 그러나 VMS도 적극적 운영을 통하여 교통관리의 수단으로 활용해야 하며, 이에 있는 그대로 상황을 전달하는 현 Practice에서 진일보한 전략적 정보제공 기술이 개발되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 네트워크 차원의 교통관리를 목적으로 한 VMS 자동제어 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 외란의 불확실성과 모형의 정확도에 강한(robust) 피드백 제어방식을 채택하였고, 알고리즘은 시스템 최적 달성을 목표로 설정한 여유용량 균등화 Regulator와 VMS Display 모듈로 구성된다. 여유용량의 산정은 도로용량편람의 용량 개념과 차별화 되는 개념을 제안하였으며 이 부분에 대한 구체적 산정방식의 개발은 향후과제로 남겨두었다. 두 개의 대안경로로 구성된 실제 도로망에 대한 모의실험을 통하여. 여유용량균등화 Regulator에 의한 통행 재배분 효과를 제한적으로나마 살펴보았다. 그러나 VMS Display Strategy 모듈에 의한 실제 통행배분 행태는 모의실험의 한계성으로 인하여 검증하지 못하였으며 이를 향후과제로 남겨두었다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.112-121
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• 2017

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is the serious and fatal drug-associated adverse effect, but its incidence is very low and individual variation in severity is substantial. Acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury accounts for >50% of reported DILI cases but little is known for the cause of individual variations in the severity. Intrinsic genetic variation is considered a key element but the identity of the genes was not well-established. Here, pre-biopsy method and microarray technique was applied to uncover the key genes for APAP-induced liver injury in mice, and a cause and effect experiment employing quantitative real-time PCR was conducted to confirm the correlation between the uncovered genes and APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. We identified the innately and differentially expressed genes of mice susceptible to APAP-induced hepatotoxicity in the pre-biopsied liver tissue before APAP treatment through microarray analysis of the global gene expression profiles (Affymetrix $GeneChip^{(R)}$ Mouse Gene 1.0 ST for 28,853 genes). Expression of 16 genes including Gdap10, Lpl, Gabra3 and Ccrn4l were significantly different (t-test: FDR <10%) more than 1.5 fold in the susceptible animals than resistant. To confirm the association with the susceptibility to APAP-induced hepatotoxicity, another set of animals were measured for the expression level of selected 4 genes (higher two and lower two genes) in the liver pre-biopsy and their sensitivity to APAP-induced hepatotoxicity was evaluated by post hoc. Notably, the expressions of Gabra3 and Lpl were significantly correlated with the severity of liver injury (p<0.05) demonstrating that these genes may be linked to the susceptibility to APAP-induced hepatotoxicity.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.379-388
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• 2001

Background : Cervix cancer is the most common form of cancer among Korea women. in spite of proof that cervical cancer screening could reduce death rates substantially, the screening rates reported by previous Korean studies remain stubbornly very low. Behavioral studies to increase the cervix cancer screening rate are essential in order to develop the cancer screening program. Objective : To evaluate the factors which are related to the intention and behavior for cervix cancer screening using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA). Methods : The survey was conducted from July 21 st to 26th in 1998. Of 3,218 women, 303(12.2%) between 30 and 55 years old, voluntarily participated in the survey in the 3 Myeons in Choongju city. Charge-free cervix cancer screening was provided for the subjects 3 months later. Results : The R-square of both TPB and TRA to the intention (30% and 42%, respectively) was greater than the actual behavior (21% and 13%, respectively. TPB and TRA were found to provide an appropriate framework for the study of cervix cancer screening behavior. However, TRA was more powerful in explaining the intention, not only because the perceived behavioral control component exhibited lower reliability and validity than other components(altitude and subjective norm), but also because there may have been a few limitations in this study design. Consequently, the use of TRA is preferred in attempting to explain intention and actual behavior in this study. Conclusions : This study suggests that a successful intervention program should focus on changing attitudes and reducing psychologic barriers, rather than on just providing information. Physician recommendations, and the support of family members and friends are also very important factors in cervix cancer program participation. Physicians, friends, family members, and opinion leaders in rural areas, all of whom could affect the individual subjective norm, may all have the potential to play great roles as facilitators.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제18권sup호
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• pp.55-64
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• 2012

축산물 생산은 집약적 사육환경으로 인한 각종 병원균이 내재한 가운데 이루어지고 있어 항생제 및 각종 사료첨가제등의 사용이 날로 증가해왔다. 한편, 축산물의 안전성에 대한 인식이 높아짐에 따라 농축산물 생산에 있어서 안전성 확보에 대한 연구가 절실히 요구되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서 특수발효 미생물을 이용하여 복합미량원소(Se, Ge, Zn, S)를 강화시킨 점토광물질 발효 산물이 돈육의 생산성 및 품질에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 공시동물은 Large White와 Yorkshire 교잡종 80두를 대조구와 실험구로 임의 배치해 실험하였다. 실험 결과, 점토광물질 발효산물을 사료 내 0.3% 첨가 급여했을 때 사료섭취량 및 증체량, 사료효율, 도체의 pH, 육색의 명도와 대퇴부의 밝기 등은 일반사료를 급여한 군과 비슷하였으나, 지육율은 2.7%, 도체육의 적색도는 12%, 보수력은 10% 개선되고 가열감량은 6% 감소하였다. 또한 면역기능조절효과를 조사하기 위해 비육돈의 혈액을 채취하여 혈액 내 말초혈액단핵세포의 증식 및 cytokine 분비 능을 조사한 결과, PBMC는 증식정도가 유의하게 증가하였고, LPS와 Con A를 처리하였을 때 대조구에 비해 더욱 뚜렷이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. cytokine의 분비량도 TNF-${\alpha}$의 경우 약간 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 따라서 양이온 치환능력이 높고 원적외선 수치가 높은 점토광물 발효산물을 급여함으로써 면역능력이 강화되어 항생제를 사용하지 않고도 안전성 높은 고품질 친환경 돈육을 생산할 수 있는 가능성이 시사되었다.

• 영재교육연구
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.87-108
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• 2000

This study analyzes the factors influencing self-esteem of the gifted children. The factors are divided into the environmental ones and innate ones. The purposes of this study is presented as follows. 1) To analyze the environmental factors influencing self-esteem of the gifted children (1) whether the education period affects self-esteem of the gifted children? (2) what influences do the manners of parental child-rearing behavior make? (3) what influences do peer relationships make on self-esteem of the gifted children? 2) To analyze the innate factors influencing self-esteem of the gifted children (1) does the gender make a difference to self-esteem of the gifted children? (2) does the level of intelligence make a difference to self-esteem of the gifted children? (3) what influences does the locus of control make on the self-esteem of the gifted children? To solve these questions 120 gifted children were selected, who were taking a special education program at C Korea Academy of Gifted Education located at Yangjae-dong Seocho-gu. They were 1st to 3rd grades at elementary school. We used Hare Self-Esteem Scale developed by Bruce R. Hare in 1985, the Index of Peer Relations developed by Hudson in 1986, and Nowicki & Strickland Locus of Control Scale developed by Nowicki and Strickland in 1973. At the other hand the nursing behaviors of 120 mothers of the gifted, were also investigated, based on the Korean Maternal Behavior Inventory, developed by Sungyeon Park in 1989 with some modifications. For statistical analysis we adopted SPSS, a computer software, and calaulated the coefficient of internal appropriateness and the frequencies and percentages of general aspects of the cases. We analysed the factors influencing the self-esteem of the gifted children by way of Pearson's product moment correlation coefficient, t-test, ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis and Duncan for ex-post-facto approval. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. 1) Influences of the environmental factors on the self-esteem of the gifted children: (1) The duration of education period had a significant effect on the self-esteem; the longer the duration were, the higher self-esteem they possessed. (2) Of parental child-rearing behaviors, active involvement had positive influence on the self-esteem; on the contrary, authoritarian control and overprotection had negative influences on the self-esteem. (3) An acceptable peer relationship had a positive influence on the self-esteem of the gifted children. 2) Influences of individual innate characteristics on the self-esteem of the gifted children: (1) The gender made no difference on the self-esteem of the gifted. (2) The intelligence did not have a statistically significant effect on the self-esteem of the gifted. (3) When the locus of control was external, the self-esteem of the gifted tended to be low.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.631-636
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• 2002

Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactbacillus brevis, Leuconostoc mesenteroids, Pediococcus pentosaceus를 대상으로 하여 광펄스 처리에 따른 미생물의 영향에 대하여 검토하였다. 광원에 인가하는 전압의 세기를 15-25 kV로 하고 $2500\;{\mu}s$ 이내의 처리시간으로 젖산균 세포를 광 펄스 처리하였을 경우 빛의 세기가 증가할수록 사멸 속도와 사멸율이 증가하였으며, $1500\;{\mu}s$ 처리후에는 빛의 세기에 상관없이 7 log 정도의 동일한 사멸율을 나타내었다. 빛의 세기 25 kV에서 광원과 시료 표면의 거리를 60, 85, 110, 135 mm으로 변화를 주어 처리한 결과 광원과 시료 표면과의 거리가 가까울수록 높은 살균율을 나타내었다. 광펄스 처리시 시료 표면의 온도 상승은 $5^{\circ}C$ 미만으로 거의 나타나지 않았다. 광펄스 처리후 투과 전자 현미경으로 형태적인 변화를 관찰한 결과 광펄스 처리를 한 세포는 처리하지 않은 세포에 비해 세포내 물질이 상당 부분 손실되었으며, 일부 세포막과 세포벽에 손상이 일어났음을 알 수 있었다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2016

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is more frequently diagnosed and is characterized by hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. $\small{D}$-xylose, a sucrase inhibitor, may be useful as a functional sugar complement to inhibit increases in blood glucose levels. The objective of this study was to investigate the anti-diabetic effects of $\small{D}$-xylose both in vitro and stretpozotocin (STZ)-nicotinamide (NA)-induced models in vivo. MATERIALS/METHODS: Wistar rats were divided into the following groups: (i) normal control; (ii) diabetic control; (iii) diabetic rats supplemented with a diet where 5% of the total sucrose content in the diet was replaced with $\small{D}$-xylose; and (iv) diabetic rats supplemented with a diet where 10% of the total sucrose content in the diet was replaced with $\small{D}$-xylose. These groups were maintained for two weeks. The effects of $\small{D}$-xylose on blood glucose levels were examined using oral glucose tolerance test, insulin secretion assays, histology of liver and pancreas tissues, and analysis of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPCK) expression in liver tissues of a STZ-NA-induced experimental rat model. Levels of glucose uptake and insulin secretion by differentiated C2C12 muscle cells and INS-1 pancreatic ${\beta}$-cells were analyzed. RESULTS: In vivo, $\small{D}$-xylose supplementation significantly reduced fasting serum glucose levels (P < 0.05), it slightly reduced the area under the glucose curve, and increased insulin levels compared to the diabetic controls. $\small{D}$-xylose supplementation enhanced the regeneration of pancreas tissue and improved the arrangement of hepatocytes compared to the diabetic controls. Lower levels of PEPCK were detected in the liver tissues of $\small{D}$-xylose-supplemented rats (P < 0.05). In vitro, both 2-NBDG uptake by C2C12 cells and insulin secretion by INS-1 cells were increased with $\small{D}$-xylose supplementation in a dose-dependent manner compared to treatment with glucose alone. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, $\small{D}$-xylose exerted anti-diabetic effects in vivo by regulating blood glucose levels via regeneration of damaged pancreas and liver tissues and regulation of PEPCK, a key rate-limiting enzyme in the process of gluconeogenesis. In vitro, $\small{D}$-xylose induced the uptake of glucose by muscle cells and the secretion of insulin cells by ${\beta}$-cells. These mechanistic insights will facilitate the development of highly effective strategy for T2D.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.5-17
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• 2003

Purpose : The purpose of this study was 1) to classify university student's attitudes toward sex, 2) to confirm the effects of sexuality course on sex-role stereotypes and sexual attitude in university student s. Method : The subjects in this study were 212 K university students in Kangwon Province between 3/7/2001 $\sim$ 6/13/2001. The instruments used for this study were the general characteristics, sexual attitude and sex-role stereotypes. The data was analyzed by frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, paired t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, Factor analysis and Cronbach's $\alpha$ using the SPSS program. Result : 1. University students' attitude toward sex are divided into three types. Type I are called open mined : 16, 33, 28, 10, 18, 2, 30, 25, 26, 27, 22, 19, 29, 21, 9, 5 items. Type II are supporters of virginal purity : 8, 6, 31, 17, 14, 33 items. Type III express love through sexual intercourse : 20, 24, 7, 3, 15, 32 items. 2. There was a significant difference in the appearance and occupational characteristics of sex-role stereotypes before and after the sexuality course (t=2.562, p<.05). 3. In Type III, there was a significant difference in sexual attitude before and after the sexuality course (t=3.576, p<.0001). 4. The data showed the relationships between type III of sexual attitude and sex-role stereotypes (r=-.3 15, p<.0001). 5. Sex-role stereotypes according to the demographic characteristics before sexuality course were significantly different by age, gender, experience of military service, experience of sex edu cat ion an d experience of sexual intercourse. Sex-role stereotypes according to the demographic characteristics after sexuality course were significantly different by gender and experience of sexual intercourse. 6. Sexual attitude according to the demographic characteristics before sexuality course were significantly different by maj or (type I), age, grade, experience of military service and experience of sexual intercourse (type II), age, grade, gender, experience of military service, experience of sex education and experience of sexual intercourse. Sexual attitude according to the demographic characteristics after sexuality course were significantly different by religion and major(type I), age and grade(type II), age, grade, gender, religion and experience of sexual intercourse. Conclusion : This study showed that a sexuality course was effect ive in changing the sex-role stereotypes and sexual attitude of university students.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.319-330
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• 1995

임신시 발생하는 인슐린 저항성과 인슐린 분비 증가의 기전을 규명하기 위하여 Sprague-Dawley 종 암컷 흰쥐를 이용하여 정맥당부하 검사와 호르몬 및 지방 대사물질과 조직에서의 인슐린 수용체 결합, 당원질 합성효소를 분석한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 정맥당부하검사에서 임신군에서 전체적인 곡선이 대조군에 비하여 아래에 위치하였다. 그러나 당부하시 인슐린 분비는 현저히 증가하였으며 혈당에 대한 비(${\mu}U/mg$)로 비교하여 임신군에서 $56.9{\pm}8.9$였고 대조군에서 $23.6{\pm}2.8$로서 인슐린 저항성을 확인할 수 있었다. 인슐린 분비반응의 증가는 태반 호르몬인 progesterone의 증가와 강한 상관관계를 나타내었다. 당부하검사후 당원질 (mg/100mg tissue)은 골격근(soleus)에서는 임신군과 대조군간에 유의한 차이가 없었으나 간조직에서는 임신군에서 $4.7{\pm}0.9$으로 대조군의 $9.9{\pm}1.3$에 비하여 통계적으로 유의하게 감소하였다. 당원질로 합성된 $^{14}C$-glucose의 활동도도 마찬가지로 골격근에서는 임신군과 대조군간에 유의한 차이가 없었으나 간조직에서는 현저한 감소를 보였다. 당원질 합성 효소(glycogen synthase)는 골격근에서는 대조군이 높았고 간장조직에서는 임신군이 높았으나 유의한 차이는 없었다. 당부하검사후 간장조직의 crude membrane에서의 인슐린-인슐린 수용체 결합반응에서는 두 군 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 이상의 결과로 보아 정상임신흰쥐에서 인슐린 저항성이 발생하였으나 인슐린 분비의 현저한 증가로 내당능의 감소는 나타나지 않았으며 인슐린의 분비증가는 progesterone의 증가와 상관관계가 있었다. 인슐린 저항성은 간에서 가장 현저하게 나타났으며 그 원인은 인슐린 수용체의 결합과정보다는 수용체 전 과정이거나 수용체 후 과정일 것으로 추정된다.

• 한국육종학회지
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.524-527
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• 2011

'프리티유' 품종은 경기도농업기술원에서 2008년도에 육성한 절화용 장미 신품종이다. 이 품종은 2005년도에 화색이 적색이며 꽃잎수가 많은 스탠다드 장미 'Red Sandra'를 모본으로 하고 분홍색 스탠다드 장미 'Mira Bai'를 부본으로 교배하여 2006년도에 실생을 양성하였다. 화색과 화형이 우수한 27계통을 예비선발 하였으며 2006~2008년에 1, 2, 3차 특성검정과 품평회 결과 절화특성이 우수한 KR05-2-1계통(Gyeonggi R1-15)을 최종 선발하였다. 화색은 분홍색 꽃잎에 바깥쪽 가장자리가 적색인 복색(주요색 Red Group 52B, 2차색 Red Group 50A)이다. 스탠다드 형태로 개화하고 화형은 반고심형이다. 화폭은 11.7 cm이며 화고가 5.0 cm로 대형화이고, 꽃잎수는 32.1매이며 향기는 중간정도이다. 생육속도가 매우 빨라 개화소요일수는 평균 45.1일이며 엽색은 녹색(Green Group 139A)이며 엽 광택은 약한 편이며 줄기의 가시 발생 정도는 중간정도이다. 흰가루병 발생정도는 중간 정도이고 년간 절화수량은 142.8 본/$m^2$이고 절화장은 69.2 cm이며 줄기직경은 6.8 mm이고 절화중이 41.2 g이다. 엽수는 10매이며 절화수명은 12.3일이다.