• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.29-49
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• 2021

This paper proposes the Hunminjungum Keypad that applied the creation principle of Hunminjungum to the design of keypad. The proposed keypad arranged 28 letters of Hunminjungum to have correlations with each other between consonants, between vowels, and between consonants and vowels. That is, Consonant buttons are arranged by grouping letters of the same sound by sounds of five voices. And the vowel buttons are arranged at the bottom and the right side of the consonant area according to the position where a vowel is attached to the consonant. In the meantime, Hangul keypads have mainly used 12 button keypads in 4 lines and 3 columns. These keypads have structurally disadvantageous in the touch count and moving distance. Recently, keypads with many letter buttons such as QWERTY and single-vowel are also used a lot. If the number of letter buttons provided in the keypad increases, touch count decreases. And If the letter buttons are arranged to have a correlation with each other, the moving distance becomes smaller. The experimental results show that the proposed keypad has high efficiency in all evaluation factors such as touch count, moving distance and input time.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.1297-1303
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• 2021

Most thickness measurement techniques using X-ray radiation are unsuitable in field processes involving fast-moving organic films. Herein, we propose a Compton scattering X-ray radiation method, which probes the light elements in organic materials, and a new simple, non-destructive, and non-contact calibration-free real-time film thickness measurement technique by setting up a bench-top X-ray thickness measurement system simulating a field process dealing with thin flexible organic films. The use of X-ray fluorescence and Compton scattering X-ray radiation reflectance signals from films in close contact with a roller produced accurate thickness measurements. In a high-thickness range, the contribution of X-ray fluorescence is negligible, whereas that of Compton scattering is negligible in a low-thickness range. X-ray fluorescence and Compton scattering show good correlations with the organic film thickness (R² = 0.997 and 0.999 for X-ray fluorescence and Compton scattering, respectively, in the thickness range 0-0.5 mm). Although the sensitivity of X-ray fluorescence is approximately 4.6 times higher than that of Compton scattering, Compton scattering signals are useful for thick films (e.g., thicker than ca. 1-5 mm under our present experiment conditions). Thus, successful calibration-free thickness monitoring is possible for fast-moving films, as demonstrated in our experiments.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.143-149
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• 2019

Background: Uncooperative behavior of children due to dental anxiety may interfere with the effective delivery of dental care and compromise the quality of treatment provided. Injection of local anesthesia is one of the most anxiety-inducing stimuli in pediatric dentistry. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of a child-friendly device, having a combined effect of vibration and distraction, with the conventional method of injection on pain, anxiety, and behavior of pediatric patients aged 6-11 years. Methods: This randomized, crossover, split-mouth study included 30 children requiring a bilateral inferior alveolar nerve block. The children were equally divided into two groups: group 1, aged 6-8 and group 2, aged 9-11 years. All children were injected with anesthesia using the conventional and device method in two separate sessions. They were assessed for anxiety by measuring the pulse rate before and during the administration of local anesthesia. Behavior was assessed using Faces, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability (FLACC) scale, and the child's experience while receiving anesthesia was assessed using the Wong Bakers Pain Rating Scale. Results: Results showed that the children who received local anesthesia using the device method had a lower mean pulse rate, FLACC scores, and pain rating scores than those who received local anesthesia using the conventional method. Conclusion: The device method was more effective than the conventional method in managing pain, anxiety, and behavior of patients aged 6-11 years. The device is a cost effective, simple, and child-friendly product for administrating local anesthesia in pediatric patients.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.59-69
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• 2019

Smoke grenade is the most primary counteract of tank for its survival against threats, therefore a number of related researches and developments of M&S are being conducted. In this research, a vehicle-launched smoke grenade model is developed, that covers the essential engineering-level parameters, and also is applicable to engagement-level simulations because of its unheavy computational load. First of all, input parameters of the model were determined to include the principal factors from engineering to engagement level. In the model, smoke and LOS are modeled as simple figures, a disk and a line, so that the computational load is not as much as that of particle-model-based M&Ss. A test simulation is also carried out to analyze the effect of smoke grenade for a tank. This model is to be inserted into a basic tank model on AddSIM. The users of AddSIM will be able to simulate various scenarios including smoke grenades.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.96-104
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• 2019

Agastache rugosa, known as Korean mint, is a medicinal plant with many beneficial health effects. In this study, a simple and reliable HPLC-UV method was proposed for the quantification of rosmarinic acid (RA) in the aqueous extracts of A. rugosa. RA was selected as a quantification marker due to its easiness in procurement and analysis. The developed method involved chromatographic separation on a $C_{18}$ column ($250{\times}4.6mm$, $5{\mu}m$) at room temperature. The mobile phase consisted of water and acetonitrile both containing 2 % acetic acid and was run at a flow rate of $1mL\;min^{-1}$. The method was validated for specificity, linearity, precision, and accuracy. It was specific to RA and linear in the range of $50-300{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$ ($r^2=0.9994$). Intra-day, inter-day, and inter-analyst precisions were ${\leq}0.91%\;RSD$, ${\leq}1.40%\;RSD$, and 1.94 % RSD, respectively. Accuracy was 93.3-95.9 % (${\leq}1.21%\;RSD$). The method could be applied to three batches of bulk samples and three batches of lab scale samples, which were found to be $0.64({\pm}0.04)mg\;g^{-1}$ and $0.48({\pm}0.02)mg\;g^{-1}$ for the dried raw materials of A. rugosa. The results show that the proposed method can be used as a readily applicable method for QC of health functional foods containing the aqueous extracts of A. rugosa.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.367-390
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• 2012

This thesis aims to analyzing the fact that how the Korean troops Intranet impacts on military service satisfaction to give something back to the community by doing time management, mental and physical health care of human resources who are in an army life in their 20's. This is full of suggestions as efficient operation of military service at the national and personal level. Also, this is able to be a guideline that provides useful information about self-discipline to new generation soldiers. This study regards it as meaningful to analyze causes that how the Korean troops Intranet impacts on military service satisfaction and provide information for effective utilization to new generation soldiers in their 20's consisted of the Internet generation at a military organization level. In conclusion, the Intranet has proved as important causes and tools that influence job satisfaction effectively. Also, the fact that the Intranet used in military organization should be developed to be useful to achieve their goal not to simple work or a means of transmission has came up.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.141-153
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• 2019

This research deals with wave propagation of the functionally graded (FG) nano-beams based on the nonlocal elasticity theory considering surface and flexoelectric effects. The FG nano-beam is resting in Winkler-Pasternak foundation. It is assumed that the material properties of the nano-beam changes continuously along the thickness direction according to simple power-law form. In order to include coupling of strain gradients and electrical polarizations in governing equations of motion, the nonlocal non-classical nano-beam model containg flexoelectric effect is used. Also, the effects of surface elasticity, dielectricity and piezoelectricity as well as bulk flexoelectricity are all taken into consideration. The governing equations of motion are derived using Hamilton principle based on first shear deformation beam theory (FSDBT) and also considering residual surface stresses. The analytical method is used to calculate phase velocity of wave propagation in FG nano-beam as well as cut-off frequency. After verification with validated reference, comprehensive numerical results are presented to investigate the influence of important parameters such as flexoelectric coefficients of the surface, bulk and residual surface stresses, Winkler and shear coefficients of foundation, power gradient index of FG material, and geometric dimensions on the wave propagation characteristics of FG nano-beam. The numerical results indicate that considering surface effects/flexoelectric property caused phase velocity increases/decreases in low wave number range, respectively. The influences of aforementioned parameters on the occurrence cut-off frequency point are very small.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.342-347
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• 2018

Bacterial canker caused by Clavibacter michiganensis is considered to be one of the most serious diseases, leading to economic damage to tomato worldwide. Diagnosis of the bacterial canker on tomato is known to be difficult because the causal pathogen is slow-growing on artificial media as well as causes latent infection in tomato. In this study, as a less time-consuming method, a specific primer set was newly designed for rapid detection of C. michiganensis. The method presented here is so simple, easy, and fast that it can be useful and practical in direct detection of the bacterial canker pathogen from tomato plants.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.39-55
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• 2019

In this study, we have proposed an improved method to detect forest fires by correcting the reflected signals of day images using the middle-wavelength infrared (MWIR) channel. The proposed method is allowed to remove the reflected signals only using the image itself without an existing data source such as a land-cover map or atmospheric data. It includes the processing steps for calculating a solar-reflected signal such as 1) a simple correction model of the atmospheric transmittance for the MWIR channel and 2) calculating the image-based reflectance. We tested the performance of the method using the MODIS product. When compared to the conventional MODIS fire detection algorithm (MOD14 collection 6), the total number of detected fires was improved by approximately 17%. Most of all, the detection of fires improved by approximately 30% in the high reflection areas of the images. Moreover, the false alarm caused by artificial objects was clearly reduced and a confidence level analysis of the undetected fires showed that the proposed method had much better performance. The proposed method would be applicable to most satellite sensors with MWIR and thermal infrared channels. Especially for geostationary satellites such as GOES-R, HIMAWARI-8/9 and GeoKompsat-2A, the short acquisition time would greatly improve the performance of the proposed fire detection algorithm because reflected signals in the geostationary satellite images frequently vary according to solar zenith angle.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.303-311
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• 2019

Reversible solid oxide fuel cell (RSOFC) has become a prospective device for energy storage and hydrogen production. Many studies have been conducted around the world focusing on system efficiency improvement and realization. The system should have not only high efficiency but also a certain level of simplicity for stable operation. External waste steam utilization was proved to remarkably increase the efficiency at solid oxide electrolysis system. In this study, RSOFC system coupled with waste steam was proposed and optimized in term of simplicity and efficiency. Ejector for fuel recirculation is selected due to its simple design and high stability. Three system configurations using ejector for fuel recirculation were investigated for performance of design condition. In parametric study, the system efficiencies at different current density were analyzed. The system configurations were simulated using validated lumped model in EBSILON(R) program. The system components, balance of plants, were designed to work in both electrolysis and fuel cell modes, and their off-design characteristics were taken into account. The base case calculation shows that, the system with suction pump results in slightly lower efficiency but stack can be operated more stable with same inlet pressure of fuel and air electrode.