• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.281-285
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• 2013

Purpose: To probe the role of FasL in cell apoptosis in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs). Methods: The expression of Fas/FasL was assessed in 10 cases of normal oral epithelium, 38 cases of OSCC and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), and 11 cases of metastatic lymph nodes by immunohistochemistry. Apoptosis of tumor cells and TIL was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling assay (TUNEL). FasL-induction of T cell apoptosis was tested by co-culture assay in vitro with SCC-9 and Jurkat T cells. Results: The 10 cases of normal oral epithelium all demonstrated extensive expression of Fas, the positive rate being largely down-regulated in OSCC (21/38) (P<0.05) compared to the normal (10/10). At the same time, the positive rate of FasL significantly increased in OSCC (P<0.05) especially those with lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). The positive rates of Fas in well and middle differentiated OSCC were higher than those in poor differentiated OSCC (P<0.05). The AI of tumor cells in Fas-positive OSCC was remarkably higher than that in Fas-negative OSCC (P<0.01), with a positive correlation between Fas expression and cell differentiation as well as apoptosis (r=0.68, P<0.01). The AI of tumor cells in FasL positive OSCC was remarkably lower than that in control while the AI of TIL was higher than in FasL negative OSCC (P<0.05). The AI of tumor cells reversely correlated with that of TIL (r = -0. 72, P<0.05). It was found that SCC-9 cells expressing functional FasL could induce apoptosis of Jurkat cells as demonstrated by co-culture assays. As a conclusion, it is evident that OSCC cells expressing FasL can induce apoptosis in Fas-expressing T cells. Conclusions: In progression of OSCC, expression of the Fas/FasL changes significantly. The results suggest that FasL is a mediator of immune privilege in OSCC and may serve as an marker for predicting malignant change in oral tissues.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.389-412
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• 1994

This study was done to investigate stress and coping methods of mothers with brain disease children. The subjects for this study were obtained by taking a sample of mothers with brain disease children hospitalized in neurosurgery ward of K medical center in Seoul from Nov. 20, 1992 to Mar. 10, 1993. The collected date were analized by S.P.S.S. program(frequency, percentage, mean, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson Correlation). The results of the study were as follow. 1. The mean of the degree of mothers' stress was 3.681. Of the stress categories, illness treatment (4.216) was highest, and the next were in order of ill-ness status and prognosis(4.154) , family relation-ships and personal roles(3.202), interpersonal relationships(2.916). 2. The mean of the degree of mothers' coping method was 2.930. Of the coping method categories, communication with medical team or parents in similar situations(3.332) was highest, and the next were in or-der of family cooperation and optimistic thought about the situation(3.241), reforcement of self esteem and maintenance of psychological stability(2.538). 3. There was not seen a stastically significant correlation between stress factors and coping methods of mothers. But with categories, the higher the stress to illness status and prognosis was, the hight coping methods' degree of communication with medical team or parents in similar situations was shown a positive correlation, if not high (r=.2776, P=.046) . And the higher the stress to illness treatment was, the higher coping methods' degree of communication with medical team or parents in simial situations was shown a positive correlation, if not high (r=.2727, P=.049). 4. With the difference of stress according to mothers' general characteristics, religion and monthly income shew a statically significant difference. The mothers' group who have a religion shew the higher degree of stress(t=-3.17, P=.003), The group who get the most income shew highest degree of stress (F=.4693, P=.0156). With the difference of coping according to mothers' general characteristics, the most support-ing person, satisfaction with husbands and mothers' own health status shew a statistically significant difference. The group who get the most support from parents-in-law(F=3.7508, P=.013), the group who are much satisfied with husband(F=3.589, P=.016), and the group whose health status are good(F=3.3675, P=.046), shew the highest coping degree. 5. There were no significant difference in degree of stress and coping by children's characteristics The significance of the study will be concluded as follows. 1. Investigating the stress factors, which mothers are perceiving, it will be utilized as the basic materials of nursing plan so as to reduce the stress of mothers. 2. In searching for the ways of mothers' more helpful coping methods, it shows the necessity of the active nursing intervention for the mothers in the process of coping with their stress. That is, the nurse should serve the earnest nursing as counselor, supporter, educator, and information - provider. 3. Recogning mothers as well as children with brain disease as a client, the nurse will be able to help the mother, who is taking care of the children, cope with the stress situation well, and to make a contribution to the recovery, rehabilitation, and health of the children and to the enhancement of the family' health.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.15-23
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 최근 발생하는 지반재해를 사전에 예측하기 위해 널리 사용되고 있는 GIS의 기반의 확장프로그램인 SINMAP을 이용하여 매개변수에 따른 위험도 평가를 수행하였다. 위험도평가는 매개변수의 영향을 파악하기 위해 중요변수인 내부마찰각과 T/R 값의 범위를 각각 3가지와 4가지 패턴으로 결정하였으며, 해석결과를 기존 산사태 결과와 비교하여 산사태 거동을 규명하고 매개변수의 적용성을 평가하였다. 지형학적 습윤대를 분석한 결과, 한계습윤대와 포화대가 토석류 영역과 거의 일치하고 있으며 지하수 수렴부가 붕괴시점부와 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타나 지형학적 습윤대가 경사분포나 붕적토층의 존재여부, 산사태 유발구조물 등과 복합적으로 산사태 발생 가능성을 평가하기 위한 지표로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 내부마찰각의 하한계가 증가함에 따라 상한계불안정영역이 50~70%까지 감소되어 안정지수에 미치는 영향력이 큰 경향을 보였으나 낮은 습윤지수 범위에서는 그 영향력이 줄어드는 양상을 나타내었다. 습윤지수의 범위에 따른 변화를 분석한 결과, 고도평균값을 적용한 경우를 제외하면 모든 Group에서 유사한 안정지수 분포를 보이고 있어 습윤지수보다는 내부마찰각에 민감한 양상을 나타내고 있음을 알 수 있다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제41권9호
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• pp.809-815
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• 2017

압력용기 재료로 사용되는 STS 304강은 저온에서 기계적 특성이 우수하지만, 다른 합금과 비교하여 중량이 무겁다. 이러한 문제를 해결하는 방안으로 STS 304강에 콜드 스트레칭(Cold stretching)공법을 사용하는 방법이 있다. 본 연구에서는 ASME 규정에 따라 제작된 콜드 스트레칭 압력용기에서 직접 채취한 콜드 스트레칭부 및 용접부 시험편을 이용하여, 상온 및 $-170^{\circ}C$에서 응력비 0.1과 0.5에 대하여 컴플라이언스법을 이용하여 피로균열진전시험을 수행하였다. 시험결과, 용접부의 피로균열진전속도는 콜드 스트레칭부에 비해 동일 응력확대계수범위에서 빠른 것을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과는 콜드스트레칭 공법을 사용하여 제작한 STS강 압력용기 개발을 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제25권11호
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• pp.1304-1310
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• 2015

주기성 시계 유전자 3(period circadian clock gene 3, PER3)는 포유류에서 생물학적 주기 타이밍 시스템의 역할을 수행 한다. 이 유전자는 규칙적인 운동 체계에 의해 근육에서 전사 개시 되는 것으로 알려져 있다. 인간과 마우스에서는 본 유전자에 대해 잘 알려져 있지만, 주기 및 연주기 동안 낮의 길이에 영향을 많이 받는 말에서 운동 연관 연구는 존재하지 않는다. 운동 시 근육의 기능에 중요한 역할을 하는 PER3 유전자에 대해 대표적인 경주마인 국내산 더러브렛 품종의 운동 전과 운동 후 유전자 발현을 분석하기 위해 본 연구를 수행하였다. 그 결과, 골격근에서 PER3 유전자의 발현은 운동 전에 비해 운동 후에 유의적으로 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 인실리코상에서 4개의 비동의성 단일 염기 변이(non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism, nsSNP) 분석과 이러한 nsSNP의 단백질 구조 및 기능 분석 결과, 전체 자유 에너지와 RMSD 값은 돌연변이의 원인이 될 수 있음으로 나타났다. 이 중, nsSNP–s395916798 (G72R)은 구조적 기능적 측면에서 중요한 잔기의 안정화 효과와 연관된 것을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구는 운동에 따라 더러브렛 골격근 내 PER3 발현 차이는 운동이라는 표현형에 대표될 수 있음을 확인하였다. 또한, SNP의 조합을 활용하여 운동 후 경주마의 조기 회복의 평가 지표로써 유용한 바이오마커가 될 수 있음을 시사한다.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.5-15
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• 2009

Purpose : This study was to examine the secondary traumatic stress(STS) and related factors of emergency medical technicians. Methods : This study was conducted among 190 emergency medical technicians, over the age of 25, with the 1st or 2nd grade qualification, who serve at fire stations in U and P city of Korea. The collected data for this study was analyzed using SPSS 12.0. Result : The average character type of A-type personality technicians was 43.25 points and the average of B-type personality technicians was 37.82 points. It suggested that the former was higher than the latter. State anxiety did not show statistically significant difference between A-Type group and B-Type group with the score of 48.51 for A-Type and 47.91 for B-Type. Physical symptoms showed statistically significant difference between the two groups with the higher score of 28.45 for A-type group than that of 28.13 for B-Type group. The level of STS related to the volunteers' job characteristics was found to be low when the volunteers were satisfied with their job and didn't want to transfer to another division. Those on duty who had slept more than seven hours that day had the highest points. The number of points was highest when the frequency for the onset of trauma was between 20~30 times. Furthermore it was found that for most technicians, 71.05%, the period of symptoms lasted for a few weeks at most, and this was where the STS was the lowest, whereas on the other hand the highest STS occurred when the symptoms lasted for a period of up to six months. The findings showed significant correlations with a relation of r=.24 between STS and level of anxiety and r=.45 between STS and physical symptoms. However, no significant correlation was found between the level of anxiety and physical symptoms. Conclusion : The more emergency medical technicians are exposed to accidents, the more serious the STS are. Those with an A-type personality are especially prone to have higher STS. The higher the STS level is, the higher the level of physical states and anxiety is.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.81-86
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• 1985

To evaluate the significance of serum $beta_2-microglobulin$ in patients with various liver diseases, serum $\beta_2m$ levels were measured in 44 cases of normal controls, 32 cases of asymptomatic HBsAg carriers and 134 patients with various liver diseases, by radioimmunoassay using Phadebas $Beta_2-micro$ test kits. The following results were obtained: 1) The mean level of serum $\beta_2m$ was $1.39{\pm}0.25mg/l(Mean{\pm}S.D.)$ in normal controls ($1.39{\pm}0.23mg/l$ in 24 males, $1.38{\pm}0.27mg/l$ in 20 females). 2) The serum levels of $\beta_2m$ in patients with various liver diseases and asymptomatic HBsAg carriers were as follows; $1.40{\pm}0.27mg/l$ in asymptomatic HBsAg carriers, $2.42{\pm}0.37mg/l$ in 45 patients with acute viral hepatitis, $2.10{\pm}0.26mg/l$ in 46 patients with chronic persistent hepatitis, $2.60{\pm}0.34mg/l$ in 23 patients with chronic active hepatitis, and $2.60{\pm}0.49mg/l$ in 20 patients with liver cirrhosis. Serum $\beta_2m$ levels of each disease group were significantly higher than that of normal controls(p<0.001). 3) There was significant correlation between the levels of serum $\beta_2m$ and the degrees of lymphocytic infiltration in patients with chronic active hepatitis(p<0.001). 4) Significant correlations were observed between the levels of serum $beta_2-microglobulin$ and serum alanine aminotransferase(r=0.68, p<0.05) and bilirubin(r=0.63, p<0.05) in 15 patients with acute viral hepatitis. In conclusion, the serum $beta_2-microglobulin$ levels were increased in patients with various liver diseases, and it may serve as a new index of liver disease activity.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.2137-2140
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• 2016

Background: Gall bladder cancer (GBC) usually presents as unresectable or metastatic disease. We conducted a feasibility study to evaluate the effect of neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) on radiologic downstaging and resectability in unresectable GBC cases. Materials and Methods: Patients with locally advanced disease were treated with chemoradiotherapy [CTRT] ( external radiotherapy (45Gy) along with weekly concurrent cisplatin $35mg/m^2$ and 5-FU 500 mg) and those with positive paraaortic nodes were treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy [NACT (cisplatin $25mg/m^2$ and gemcitabine $1gm/m^2$ day 1 and 8, 3 weekly for 3 cycles). Radiological assessment was according to RECIST criteria by evaluating downstaging of liver involvement and lymphadenopathy into complete response (CR), partial response (PR), stable disease (SD) and progressive disease (PD). Results: A total of 40 patients were evaluated from January 2012 to December 2014 (CTRT=25, NACT=15). Pretreatment CT scans revealed involvement of hilum (19), liver infiltration (38), duodenum involvement (n=22), colon involvement (n=11), N1 involvement (n=11), N2 disease (n=8), paraaortic LN (n=15), and no lymphadenopathy (n=6). After neoadjuvant therapy, liver involvement showed CR in 11(30%), PR in 4 (10.5%), SD in 15 (39.4%) and lymph node involvement showed CR in 17 (50%), PR in 6 (17.6%), SD in 4 (11.7 %). Six patients (CTRT=2, NACT=4) with 66.6 % and 83% downstaging of liver and lymphnodes respectively underwent extended cholecystectomy. There was 16.6 % and 83.3% rates of histopathological CR of liver and lymph nodes. All resections were R0. Conclusions: Neoadjuvant therapy in unresectable gall bladder cancer results in a 15% resectability rate. This approach has a strong potential in achieving R0 and node negative disease. Radiologic downstaging (CR+PR) of liver involvement is 40.5% and lymphadenopathy is 67.5%. Nodal regression could serve as a predictor of response to neoadjuvant therapy.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.268-274
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• 2012

To perform quick measurements of black carbon (BC) particles deposited on foliar surfaces of forest tree species, we investigated an optical method for measuring the amount of BC extracted from foliar surfaces and collected on quartz fiber filters. The seedlings of Fagus crenata, Castanopsis sieboldii, Larix kaempferi and Cryptomeria japonica were exposed to submicron BC particles for one growing season (1 June to 7 December 2009). At the end of the growing season, the leaves or needles of the seedlings were harvested and washed with deionized water followed by washing with chloroform to extract the BC particles deposited on the foliar surfaces. The extracted BC particles were collected on a quartz fiber filter. The absorption spectrum of the filters was measured by spectrophotometer with an integrating sphere. To obtain the relationship between the absorbance of the filter and the amount of BC particles on the filter, the amount of BC particles on the filter was determined as that of elemental carbon (EC) measured by a thermal optical method. At wavelengths below 450 nm, the absorption spectrum of the filter showed absorption by biological substances, such as epicuticular wax, resulting in the low coefficient of determination ($R^2$) in the relationship between the amount of EC on the filter ($M_{EC}$, ${\mu}g\;C\;cm^{-2}$ filter area) and the absorbance of the filter. The intercept of the regression line between $M_{EC}$ and the absorbance of the filter at 580 nm ($A_{580}$) was closest to 0. There was a significant linear relationship between the $A_{580}$ and $M_{EC}$ ($R^2$=0.917, p<0.001), suggesting that the amount of BC particles collected on the filter can be predicted from the absorbance. This optical method might serve as a simple, fast and cost-effective technique for measuring the amount of BC on foliar surfaces.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.507-512
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 유전자 재조합 발광균주, Pseudomonas putida mt-2 KG1206을 이용하여 토양에 오염된 m-toluate 탐지 방법 및 적용 가능성에 대해 조사하였다. KG1206은 톨루엔 계열 화합물의 중요 중간 분해물질인 m-toluate 및 benzoate가 직접 생물 발광 유도제로 작용하며, 또한 톨루엔 계열 화합물들이 간접 유도제로서 발광 활성을 나타내었다. 토양에 오염된 유도제 오염원 검출을 위해 발광 균주 9.9 mL에 에탄올 추출물 0.1 mL을 첨가하여 조사하였다. 생물발광에 근거하여 작성된 m-toluate 검량선은 대략 $R^2>0.97$ 이상의 상관관계가 관찰되었다. 토양에 임의 오염된 m-toluate(직접 발광유도제)는 정립한 방법에 따라 발광활성에 근거하여 추측하였고, 기기분석치와 통계적으로 유의한 것으로 조사되었다. 본 연구 결과를 통해서 특정 화합물에 대해 발광을 생산하는 유전자 재조합 균주가 특정 오염원에 오염된 지역의 관리를 위한 수단으로 사용할 수 있는 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다.