• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.55-64
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• 2019

The flowering seasons can be advanced due to climate change that would cause an abnormally warm winter. Such warm winter would increase the frequency of crop damages resulted from sudden occurrences of low temperature before and after the vegetative growth stages, e.g., the period from germination to flowering. The degree and pattern of freezing damage would differ by the development stage of each individual fruit tree even in an orchard. A critical temperature, e.g., killing temperature, has been used to predict freeze damage by low-temperature conditions under the assumption that such damage would be associated with the development stage of a fruit flower bud. However, it would be challenging to apply the critical temperature to a region where spatial variation in temperature would be considerably high. In the present study, a phenological model was used to estimate major bud development stages, which would be useful for prediction of regional risks for the freeze damages. We also derived a linear function to calculate a probabilistic freeze risk in spring, which can quantitatively evaluate the risk level based solely on forecasted weather data. We calculated the dates of freeze damage occurrences and spatial risk distribution according to main production areas by applying the spring freeze risk function to apple, peach, and pear crops in 2018. It was predicted that the most extensive low-temperature associated freeze damage could have occurred on April 8. It was also found that the risk function was useful to identify the main production areas where the greatest damage to a given crop could occur. These results suggest that the freezing damage associated with the occurrence of low-temperature events could decrease providing early warning for growers to respond abnormal weather conditions for their farm.

• BMB Reports
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.715-722
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• 2007

A new full-length cDNA encoding hyoscyamine $6\beta$-hydroxylase (designated as aah6h, GenBank Accession No. EF187826), which catalyzes the last committed step in the scopolamine biosynthetic pathway, was isolated from young roots of Anisodus acutangulus by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) for the first time. The full-length cDNA of aah6h was 1380 bp and contained a 1035 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a deduced protein of 344 amino acid residues. The deduced protein had an isoelectric point (pI) of 5.09 and a calculated molecular mass of about 38.7 kDa. Sequence analyses showed that AaH6H had high homology with other H6Hs isolated from some scopolamine-producing plants such as Hyoscyamus niger, Datura metel and Atropa belladonna etc. Bioinformatics analyses results indicated AaH6H belongs to 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase superfamily. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that AaH6H had closest relationship with H6H from A. tanguticus. Southern hybridization analysis of the genomic DNA revealed that aah6h belonged to a multi-copy gene family. Tissue expression pattern analysis firstly founded that aah6h expressed in all the tested tissues including roots, stems and leaves and indicated that aah6h was a constitutive-expression gene, which was the first reported tissue-independent h6h gene compared to other known h6h genes.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.263-270
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• 2015

A bacterial strain producing extracellular mannanases was isolated from soil of chestnut tree farm located in Gongju city of Korea by enrichment culture using Avicel as a carbon source. 16S rDNA sequence of the isolate YB-43 was highly homologous to those of genus Cellulosimicrobium strains with sequence similarities of above 99.6%. Mannanase productivity was significantly increased when the Cellulosimicrobium sp. YB-43 was grown in the presence of locust bean gum (LBG) or konjac. The mannanases were partially purified to be mannanase A (ManA) and mannanase C (ManC) by DEAE-Sepharose column and Q-Sepharose column chromatography from the culture filtrate of Cellulosimicrobium sp. YB-43 grown in LB medium supplemented with 0.7% LBG for 24 h. The partially purified ManA showed the highest activity at $55^{\circ}C$ and pH 6.5, while ManC activity was optimal at $65^{\circ}C$ and pH 7.5. ManA was stable up to $40^{\circ}C$ for 1 h, but ManC activity decreased significantly even after 1 h at $20^{\circ}C$. ManA and ManC showed difference from each other according to their substrate specificities and predominant products resulting from the mannanase hydrolysis for mannooligosaccharides. As a result, Cellulosimicrobium sp. YB-43 was found to produce two different kinds of mannanases.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.314-321
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• 2017

Acidovorax valerianellae had been reported a causal agent of bacterial black spot disease on corn salad in France, 2003 and on watermelon in Korea 2011. In this study, difference in host specificity between 2 groups, corn salad strains and watermelon strains, of Acidovorax valerianellae was recognized and compared. In the pathogenicity test, all 5 watermelon strains showed pathogenicity on the 6 Cucurbitaceae plants but not on corn salad, whereas 4 corn salad strains showed pathogenicity only on the corn salad. Utilization of Biolog substrates was different between watermelon strains and corn salad strains on 4 substrates, Malonic Acid, ${\alpha}-Hydroxybutyric$ Acid, ${\alpha}-Keto$ Butyric Acid, and Glycyl-L Glutamic Acid. The phylogenetic tree built with the 16S rDNA sequences showed that all of A. valerianellae stains was grouped into 1 clade separating from the other species of Acidovorax genus. Within A. valerianellae clade, watermelon strains and corn salad strains were separated into 2 sub-groups. REP-PCR analysis also separated the two groups. Host specificity, substrate utilization, and some genetic characteristics suggested that there are two pathogenic groups, watermelon group and corn salad group in A. valerianellae.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.363-375
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• 2010

Sustainable farming systems have remarkably increased in Korea due to the increase of environmental concerns caused by the conventional systems. This study was performed on eight-year-old 'Niitaka' pear tree s to investigate the effects of different organic fertilizers on soil chemical and microbial properties and leaf and bud developments. Treatment and applications included 10 kg of rice bran (RB), 10 kg of coffee bran compost (CBC), 10 kg of Chitin incubated compost (Micro keeper$keeper^{(R)}$, CIC), and 30 kg of the mixture of the RB, CBC, and CIC (RCC). Control received 60 g of NPK (16-11-12) chemical fertilizer. The organic fertilizers increased organic matter, nutrient concentrations such as P, K, Ca, and Mg, and microbial biomass in soils compared to the control. RCC had the greatest specific leaf weight (SLW), and the other treatments did not have a significant difference for the SL W. Leaf P and K concentrations were different among the treatments, but they were not affected by the amounts of the soil nutrients. No differences were observed in the leaf Ca and Mg concentrations in the treatments. Organic fertilizers had greater chlorophyll contents than the control but had similar flower bud characteristics to the control.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.225-253
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• 2015

The standard is a nation's one of the most important industrial issues that improve the social and economic efficiency and also the basis of the industrial development and trade liberalization. This research analyzes the enactment and the utilization of Korean industrial standards(KS) of various industries. This paper examines Korean industries' KS utilization status based on the KS possession, enactments and inquiry records. First, we implement multidimensional scaling method to visualize and group the KS possession records and the nation's institutional issues. We develop several hypothesis to find the decision factors of how each group's KS possession status impacts on the standard enactment activities of similar industry sectors, and analyzes the data by implementing regression analysis. The results show that the capital intensity, R&D activities and sales revenues affect standardization activities. It suggests that the government should encourage companies with high capital intensity, sales revenues to lead the industry's standard activities, and link the policies with the industry's standard and patent related activities from R&D. Second, we analyze the impacts of each KS data's inquiry records, the year of enactments, the form and the industrial segment on the utilization status by implementing statistical analysis and decision tree method. The results show that the enactment year has significant impact on the KS utilization status and some KSs of specific form and industrial segment have high utilization records despite of short enactment history. Our study suggests that government should make policies to utilize the low-utilized KSs and also consider the utilization of standards during the enactment processes.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.97-104
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• 2015

Vinegar is a widely used acidic seasoning and can be manufactured using various methods and bases, including cereals, wheat, and fruits. Most studies on vinegar have been conducted to evaluate its antioxidant activity. In the present study, fermented dark vinegar (FDV) produced from unpolished rice was examined for its antimicrobial activity, biochemical content, including the amounts of sugar, total soluble sugar, organic acid, and free amino acids, and pH and physiological activity. The antimicrobial efficiency of FDV was assessed using the paper disc-agar diffusion method. FDV exhibited strong antimicrobial activity against the pathogenic bacteria and yeast strains that were tested. In fact, the activity of FDV was shown to be higher than that of the commercial antibiotics carbenicillin (50 µg/ml) and tetracycline (50 µg/ml) against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, Yersinia enterocolitica, and Lodderomyces elongisporus. The antioxidant activity of FDV and ascorbic acid was evaluated. Using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method, we found that FDV has the highest activity of the antioxidants. After spreading FDV onto tryptic soy broth and yeast extract-peptone-dextrose agar media, the microbial strains were isolated and characterized through physiological and biochemical analysis. Based on 16S ribosomal DNA sequence analysis, the isolated microorganisms exhibited a close similarity to Acetobacter papayae, Acetobacter pasteurianus, and Acetobacter peroxidans.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.98-102
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• 2000

To investigate quality characteristics of southeast asian salt-fermented fish sauces, various chemical properties were examined against 13 kinds of southeast asian salt-fermented fish sauces. The range of chemical compositions were $60.6{\~}72.8{\%}$ moisture, $18.2{\~}25.8{\%}ash,\;0.9{\~}13.7{\%}$ crude protein and $14.1{\~}338.6\;mg/100 ml$ VBN. The pH and salinity were $4.66{\~}5.91,\;24.1{\~}30.6{\%}$, respectively. Total nitrogen, amino nitrogen, total free amino acid, and total ATP related compounds (sum of $ATP{\~}IMP$, HxR, Hx and uric acid) were in the ranges of $0.140{\~}2.199g,\;115.4{\~}1,643.0 mg,\;46.4{\~}9,056.3\;mg\;in\;100 ml,\;and\;0.829{\~}9.564 {\mu}mol\;in\;1\;ml$, respectively. Southeast asian salt-fermented lish sauces were rich in tree amino acids, such as glutamic acid, Iysine, leucine, alanine, aspartic acid, valine and isoleucine in the order.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.68-74
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• 2008

Application areas of Knowledge Discovery in Database(KDD) have been expanded to many R&D management processes including technology trends analysis, forecasting and evaluation etc. Established research field such as informetrics (or scientometrics) has utilized techniques or methods of KDD. Various systems have been developed to support works of analyzing large-scale R&D related databases such as patent DB or bibliographic DB by a few researchers or institutions. But extant systems have some problems for korean users to use. Their prices is not moderate, korean language processing is impossible, and user's demands not reflected. To solve these problems, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information(KISTI) developed stand-alone type information analysis system named as KnowledgeMatrix. KnowledgeMatrix system offer various functions to analyze retrieved data set from databases. KnowledgeMatrix's main operation unit is composed of user-defined lists and matrix generation, cluster analysis, visualization, data pre-processing. Matrix generation unit help extract information items which will be analyzed, and calculate occurrence, co-occurrence, proximity of the items. Cluster analysis unit enable matrix data to be clustered by hierarchical or non-hierarchical clustering methods and present tree-type structure of clustered data. Visualization unit offer various methods such as chart, FDP, strategic diagram and PFNet. Data pre-processing unit consists of data import editor, string editor, thesaurus editor, grouping method, field-refining methods and sub-dataset generation methods. KnowledgeMatrix show better performances and offer more various functions than extant systems.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.325-333
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• 2010

This study was conducted to examine the pattern of habitat use of passerine migrants at Hongdo Island, Jeollanamdo Province, Korea from March 2006 to October 2007. The richness and abundance of species were the highest in shrubs among major habitat types including trees, shrubs, grass, agricultural fields. There were significant differences at trees, shrubs and agricultural fields among bird behavior. The frequency of resting and feeding was highest at trees ($x^2$=61.583, df=2, p<0.001) and agricultural fields, respectively($x^2$=117.339, df=2, p<0.001). In the shrub was similar in both resting and others behaviors, while the frequency of feeding was lowest ($x^2$=66.725, df=2, p<0.001). There were significant differences in observed individuals in relation to seasons. In autumn, number of observed individuals was higher in tree, lower in shrub, grass, agricultural field than spring. Habitat diversity (H') was significantly correlated with bird species diversity (H') (r=0.585, p<0.01). This study would be useful to establish conservation strategies for migratory stopover site of passerine birds.