• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2009

To strengthen the R&D capability and the competitiveness of the Korean oriental medicine industry, an adequate supply of qualified R&D personnel including medical doctors of Korean oriental medicine is an important precondition. This study analyze current and future R&D manpower requirements including medical doctors in the Korean oriental medicine research area. Our analyses can be utilized for developing the government R&D manpower planning including the adequate supply of medical doctors for the Korean oriental medicine research. For the study, we conducted and analyzed a delphi survey of the experts, the principal investigators, with expertise in Korean oriental medicine research areas. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; First, in 2007 the Korean oriental medicine R&D personnel is currently under-supplied as many as 302 people including 111 medical doctors of Korean oriental medicine. The rate of under-supplied is 28.2%. Second, in 2017 the forecast shows that the R&D personnel in this area will be more severely under-supplied as many as 539 people including 185 medical doctor of Korean oriental medicine. The rate of under-supplied will be 32.6%. As a result, the confrontation of demand and supply forecasts shows that, in general, severe shortages of R&D manpower in the areas of Korean oriental medicine will result if there are not adequate manpower policy adjustment.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.69-78
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• 2017

Objectives : This study aims to analyze the public investment for Korean Medicine R&D to facilitate the future strategic planning. Methods : All government supported research projects for Korean Medicine that were invested in 2009, 2012, 2015 were searched in the NTIS (National Science & Technology Information Service) Database. Research budgets were analyzed by government departments, R&D agents, R&D steps, and research fields. CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate) was derived from each Korean Medicine research field. Differences of research budgets among research fields were tested using Chi square analysis. Results : A total of 891 projects supported in 2009, 2012, and 2015 was analyzed. The amount of research budgets has increased, from 49,839 million won in 2009 to 106,536 million won in 2015 showing 13.5% of CAGR. Ministry of Science, ICT, and Future Planning, and Ministry of Health and Welfare were the biggest sponsors in Korean Medicine R&D. Chi square analysis showed that, in this period, there were statistically significant differences of research budgets in Korean Medicine technology equipment field and infrastructure field. Conclusions : To diversify the Korean Medicine R&D, unequal research funding among government departments should be relieved, and virtuous cycle of Industry-University-Institute Collaboration in Korean Medicine need to be built.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.348-354
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• 2020

Oryeong-san (ORS) is a traditional Korean herbal medicine widely used for renal associated diseases, composed of five medicine herbs; Atractylodes japonica Koidzumi, Cinnamomum cassia Presl, Polyporus umbellatus Fries, Poria cocos Wolf and Alisma orientale Juzepzuk. We studied to improve the convenience of intake and portability by developing modernized dosage forms, and examined the effect on anti-inflammation of ORS. In order to develop the tablet formulation of ORS (ORS-F), the tablets were evaluated on the basis of physical characteristics include diameter, thickness, weight variation, hardness, friability and disintegration. To analyze the marker components of ORS-F, eight index markers from five herbal medicines were chosen. And the method using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode-array detector method was established for the simultaneous analysis. The biological activities were examined the effect of ORS-F on pro-inflammation mediated by LPS-stimulation. The production of nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines were determined by reacting cultured medium with griess reagent and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) were investigated by Western blot and RT-PCR. The anti-oxidant activities of OJS-F increased markedly, in a dose-dependent manner. and, The total phenolic compound and flavonoids contents of OJS-F were 10.20±0.09 ㎍/㎎ and 12.86±0.86 ㎍/㎎. OJS-F which is LPS has diminished in the LPS-induced release of inflammatory mediators (NO, iNOS, COX2 and PGE2) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β) from the RAW264.7 macrophages. Therefore, the developed formulation for tablet of ORS-F provide efficiency and usability, and indicated effect of anti-inflammation.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.101-109
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• 2010

The medical and healthy paradigm is changing by various reasons such as improving of life quality, the limit of western medicine, demographic changes and so on. And the demand, interest and market size of traditional medicine(TM) and complementary and alternative medicine(CAM) are increasing continuously and there is a good traditional medicine called TKM(Traditional Korean Medicine) in Korea. TKM have differentiated characteristics like nature-friendly, systematic, preventive and personalized medicine from western medicine. TKM with these characteristics have possibility to increase national competitiveness and contribute to growth of economy. At this time, it is necessary to select key area of TKM R&D to increase competitiveness of TKM and to create new growth engine. In this paper, we suggest key area of TKM R&D through SWOT analysis, the analysis of world traditional medicine and expert's counsel. As a result, 3 key area and 10 specific fields of TKM R&D was selected, which they are 'the standardization for TKM technology and technique', 'the development of generic technology based on TKM' and 'the establishment of infrastructure for TKM information and material'. This study may contribute to make plan for TKM research and policy such as TKM middle and long term plan and TKM promotion plan.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.67-79
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• 2016

Purpose: To develop strategies for research and development (R&D) in nursing service based on the policy direction of government supported R&D in Korea. Methods: This was a descriptive study to develop strategies for promoting R&D in nursing by analyzing investment trends and status quo, policy directions, and implementation of the details of government supported R&D through government reports, websites of relevant agencies and literature reviews. Results: Few nursing experts participated in clinical research on overcoming major diseases and in R&D for well-being and care. Development of nursing topics that meet the direction of government supported R&D were lacking. Insufficient implementation of nursing service R&D in a timely manner equipped with a performance-based system. Few research studies in R&D projects that included research using big data or contributing to developing medical instruments. Finally, an insufficient number of nursing specialists participated on government R&D advisory committees. Conclusion: For nursing service R&D development efforts should be toward quantitative expansion and qualitative improvements by sensitively recognizing policy direction of government supported R&D. The promotional capacity of nursing service R&D must be reinforced through a multidisciplinary approach and collaborative association with other professionals and the inclusion of nurse specialists on government R&D advisory committees.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.36-50
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• 2002

Health industry, a knowledge based high value-added industry, is being considered as a strategic area for the 21C and many advanced countries are making every endeavors for the promotion of health industry along with information technology, new materials, and mechatronics. Korean health industry, however, has been excluded from the governmental supports as well as bound by strict regulation so far, and there is a significant gap in technology compared with advanced countries. In 21C, technology is the main factor of national competitiveness and that is why the role of R&D institutes are so important in the high level of competition to cope with the technology protection policies of advanced countries. In this article, with Directory of Korean R&D Institutes published by Korea Industry Technology Association, I reviewed the trends of R&D institute of health industry. Main findings of the research can be summarized as follows. The portion of health industry R&D institute is 3.6% of total R&D institute but the amount of R&D investment is over than 5% This means health industry are knowledge based and R&D intensified industry, meanwhile the variations of same industry R&D institutes of health industry is huge in R&D investments and other activities. Regional distributions of health industry institutes show some kind of different patterns in each industry areas. Medical devices and Medical informatics's preference of metropolitan region are distinguished with other industry areas. Many of the institutes are located in same site of it's company rather than operating separate building for R&D specific uses. It is better for transforming ideas to products and close cooperation of research body with product lines, but it is a handicap for networking and communicating with other research institutions too. It takes 18.4yrs for bearing R&D institute on the average. For a long times 'copy products' or 'me too products' policies were easy way to maintain business entities. But recently, it is recognized that research activities are essential component of sustaining it's own business firms. This means technology itself is leading power of corporation itself in the high level of competition.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.78-87
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• 2020

Objectives: To expand and provide information on the efficacy of herbal medicines, anti-obesity effects were evaluated. In many studies, plant-derived components with anti-obesity efficacies have been investigated for their potential inhibitory effects on 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-obesity effects of 65 herbal medicine in 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cells. Methods: Preferentially, 3T3-L1 cells were treated with 65 herbal medicines (500 ㎍/mL) during differentiation for 8 days. Next, 3T3-L1 cells were treated with selected herbal medicines at concentrations ranging from 50 to 200 ㎍/mL during differentiation for 8 days. The accumulation of lipid droplets was determined by Oil Red O staining. The expressions of genes related to adipogenesis were measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses. Results: Among the 65 kinds of herbal medicines, 13 herbal medicines that been shown to be effective against the accumulation of lipid droplets were selected. Finally, selected Banhasasim-tang and Samhwangsasim-tang showed inhibitory activity on adipocyte differentiation at 3T3-L1 preadipocytes without affecting cell toxicity. In addition, Banhasasim-tang and Samhwangsasim-tang significantly reduced the expression levels of several adipocyte marker genes including peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-α. Conclusions : These results suggest that the ability of Banhasasim-tang and Samhwangsasimtang has inhibited overall adipogenesis and lipid accumulation in the 3T3-L1 cells. Banhasasim-tang and Samhwangsasim-tang may be a promising medicine for the treatment of obesity and related metabolic disorders.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.294-299
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• 2004

Purpose: Both human NIS and mutant $D_2R$ transgenes are proposed as reporting system in transplanted cell tracking. Using hepatoma cell lines, we constructed a dual reporter system containing human sodium-iodide symporter (hNIS) and dopamine 2 receptor ($D_2R$) and compared its characteristics. Materials and Methods: The recombinant plasmid ($pIRES-hNIS/D_2R$) was constructed with IRES (internal ribosome entry site) under control of the CMV promoter $pIRES-hNIS/D_2R$ was transfected to human hepatoma SK-Hep1 cell line with lipofectamine. HEP-ND ($SK-Hep1-hNIS/D_2R$) cells stably expressing hNIS and $D_2R$ was established by selection with G418 for two weeks. RT-PCR was performed to investigate the expression of both hNIS and $D_2R$ genes. The expressions of hNIS and $D_2R$ were measured by $^{125}I$ uptake assays and receptor binding assays. Specific binding of $D_2R$ to $[^3H]spiperone$ was verified by Scatchard plot with (+) butaclamol as a specific inhibitor. $K_d\;and\;B_{max}$ values were estimated. The correlation between hNIS and $D_2R$ expression was compared by using each clone. Results: Similar quantities of hNIS and $D_2R$ genes were expressed on HEP-ND as RT-PCR assays. HEP-ND cells showed 30 to 40 fold higher radioiodine uptakes than those of parental SK-Hep1 cells. $^{125}I$ uptake in HEP-ND cells was completely inhibited by $KClO_4$, a NIS inhibitor Specific binding to HEP-ND cells was saturable and the $K_d\;and\;B_{max}$ values for HEP-ND cells were 2.92 nM, 745.25 fmol/mg protein and 2.91nM, 1323 fmole/mg protein in two clones, respectively. The radioiodine uptake by hNIS activity and $D_2R$ binding was highly correlated. Conclusion: We developed a dual positron and gamma imaging reporter system of hNIS and $D_2R$ in a stably transfected cell line. We expect that $D_2R$ and hNIS genes can complement mutually as a nuclear reporting system or that $D_2R$ can be used as reporter gene when hNIS gene were used as a treatment gene.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.77-84
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• 2001

A survey was conducted to investigate the attitudes of pharmaceutical companies toward the status and permission of R & D of herbal products. The survey's results showed that some of them(42.9%) was conducting the R&D, and others(57.1%) were not conducting. As the results of analysis on the reason of R&D conducting, some of them(42.3%) answered that R&D of herbal products is more effective and powerful than these of synthetic products. And 23.1% answered that the cost of R&D is low and the time required is short. And another 23.1% answered that it has marketability and competitive power. As the results of analysis on the marketability of herbal products in Pharmaceutical Market, most of them(78.6%) answered that it seems enough. As the result of the comparison of synthetic drug and herbal products, the proportion of R&D investment on herbal products was lower than synthetic products in the preclinical study, the first clinical study and the second clinical study, and higher than in the third clinical study and the NDA. And the periods of R&D was long in most procedure except synthesis of new materials. As the results of analysis on the recognition of related regulation, most of them(73%) was yes. And 35.2% of the subjects thinks it enough.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.63-71
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• 2017

Traditional Asian medicine has an extensive evidence base built upon thousands of years of experience within Asia, of curing various diseases. Only recently, within the past two centuries, have modern medical scientists developed interest in traditional Asian medicine. Asian Medicine seems to be regarded only as an adjunctive medicine and viewed as alargely un-proven alternative medicine to complement western medicine, used in some cases to establish a new paradigm of "integrative medicine". This article reviews how Korean herbal cosmetics emerged by applying traditional Asian medicine to the science of cosmetics. The characteristics of Korean herbal cosmetics are examined through examples of history, concepts and traditions. With the advancements in biotechnology, studies are now being conducted on the dermatological effects and processing methods of herbal ingredients, including ginseng. The authors explain the current research on the identification on the active ingredients of herbs, extraction methods, and bio-processing of ingredients to improve the biological efficacies of herbs on the skin. A summary of studies focused on modern reinterpretations of ageing theories, such as 'Seven year aging cycle', are provided. In conclusion, the development of Korean cosmetics products are based on the accumulated knowledge of thousands of years of experience including; 1) practical heritage of traditional Asian medicines such as Donguibogam; 2) excellent medicinal plants, such as ginseng, which are native to Korea; and 3) innovative attempts to modernize materials, processes, and principles.