• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.215-228
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• 2003

The present study is to analyze the arguments about the generation of declarative scientific-knowledge in the philosophy of science and invent a structured model of the process of scientific-knowledge generation with the types of the generated scientific-knowledge. The invented model shows that scientific-knowledge generation is a distinctive process with the processes of inductive, abductive, and deductive thinking. Furthermore, inductive process is included with observation, which is consisted of simple observation and operative observation, and rule-discovery which is involved with the processes of commonness discovery, classification, pattern discovery, and hierarchical relationship. Also, abductive process has two components. One component generates question and second component generates hypothesis in which the process consists of representing question situation, identifying experienced situation, identifying causal explicans, and generating hypothetical explicans. Finally, deductive process is involved with logical inventing test method and evaluation criteria, concrete inventing test method and evaluation criteria, evaluating hypothesis, and making conclusion.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.191-199
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• 2013

High-throughput next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology produces a tremendous amount of raw sequence data. The challenges for researchers are to process the raw data, to map the sequences to genome, to discover variants that are different from the reference genome, and to prioritize/rank the variants for the question of interest. The recent development of many computational algorithms and programs has vastly improved the ability to translate sequence data into valuable information for disease gene identification. However, the NGS data analysis is complex and could be overwhelming for researchers who are not familiar with the process. Here, we outline the analysis pipeline and describe some of the most commonly used principles and tools for analyzing NGS data for disease gene identification.

• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.93-124
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• 2011

The introduction of competition in the generation of electricity has raised the fundamental question of whether markets provide the right incentives for the provision of the capacity needed to maintain system reliability. Capacity mechanisms are adopted around the world to guarantee appropriate level of investment in electricity generation capacity. In this study, we discuss these approaches and analyze the capacity pricing mechanisms from the adequacy perspective. We conclude that the design of capacity mechanism is very important to decrease electricity spot price and increase total electric capacity. Specifically, the constant of capacity pricing mechanism made a difference to the performance of electricity market. However, the slope of capacity price mechanism is better than the constant of that in improving performance of electricity market.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.47-56
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• 2023

Despite the commercialization of Next generation sequencing (NGS) gene testing, only a few studies have addressed the various ethical and legal problems associated with NGS testing in Korea Here, we reviewed the normative issues that emerged at each stage of the wet analysis and bioinformatics analysis of NGS gene testing. In particular, it was in mind to apply various international guidelines and the principles of bioethics to actual clinical practice. Considering the characteristics of NGS testing, wet analysis of additional testing can be justified if presumptive consent is recognized. Furthermore, the medical relationship between diseases needs to be established and it should be clear that the patient would have given consent if the patient had been aware of the correlation between genes. At the stage of bioinformatics analysis, the question of unsolicited findings arises. In case of unsolicited and relevant findings, according to American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG), a recognized relationship between genes and diseases needs to be established. In case of unsolicited and not-relevant findings, it is almost impossible to determine whether knowing or not knowing the findings is more beneficial to the patient. However, it seems to be certain that the psychological harm an individual may suffer from such information is likely to be greater if the disease is severe and if there is no cure. The list of genes for which the ACMG guidelines impose reporting obligations is a good reference for judgment.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.966-973
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• 2002

This Pager presents an object-oriented analysis and design for Remote Examination System on Internet. The UML is used for describing the process of analyzing and designing the system. The system is composed of the parts: Question Generation part that professors make questions, Question Answer part that students answer the questions. By object-oriented analysis and design, the system inherits the advantages of object-oriented methodology. All the results are retained on database on server-side. This system can be integrated with the Cyber-University System, and substituted for off-line paper-based tests or adopted to on-line poll applications on Internet.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2002.10e
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• pp.176-183
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• 2002

전자우편과 같이 일정한 질의 형식을 가지고 있는 긴 자연어 질의에 대해서 사용자 질의 단어에 가중치를 부과하는 방법과 질의에 대한 정답을 기존의 질의응답 집합에서 유사한 질의를 검색하여 그 정답을 사용자에게 제공하는 전자우편 질의응답 시스템을 제안한다. 사용자의 긴 자연어 질의가 주어지면 질의의 범주와 문장의 중요도 정보를 이용하여 질의에서 사용된 단어가 주제어로 쓰였을 확률을 계산하고, 계산된 확률에 기반하여 중요도를 할당하는 질의생성 모델을 제안한다. 또한 사용자 질의와 기존에 문의되어진 전자우편 질의의 유사도를 단어의 빈도를 고려한 어휘유사도, 한글 시소러스(Thesaurus)를 이용한 의미유사도와 본 논문에서 제안한 질의생성 모델을 이용한 주제 유사도를 이용하여 계산한다. 실험을 위하여 실세계에서 사용 중인 질의응답 집합을 이용하여 실험을 하였으며 각 유사도 계산 방법의 기여도를 비교 평가하고 제안한 질의생성모델이 성능향상에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.41-50
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• 2015

Objectives : In this study we investigated characteristics of eight extra meridians based on the chapter of Pyoung Gi Kyoung Pal Maek Byoung(PGKPMB) of the Pulse Classic(Maijing; PC) and the 27, 28, and $29^{th}$ question of the Classic of Difficult Issues(Nanjing; CDI). Methods : We searched out the contents of eight extra meridians in historical background, the principal and circulation of eight extra meridians, and the symptoms and pulse diagnosis of eight extra meridians on the PGKPMB of the PC and the 27, 28, and $29^{th}$ question of the CDI. Results and Conclusions : About development of eight extra meridians, content which was scattered in the CDI was supplemented and developed in the CDI. Also taking over the content in the CDI, the meaning of the eight extra meridians was expanded and supplemented in the PC. In the PC, the mechanism about symptom of eight extra meridians especially has been described. Also materialization of symptom which linked to pathogenic pulse of eight extra meridians had a great impact on future generation.

• Journal of Information Management
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.31-46
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• 2010

Now named-entity recognition(NER) as a part of information extraction has been used in the fields of information retrieval as well as question-answering systems. Unlike words, named-entities(NEs) are generated and changed steadily in documents on the Web, newspapers, and so on. The NE generation causes an unknown word problem and makes many application systems with NER difficult. In order to alleviate this problem, this paper proposes a new feature generation method for machine learning-based NER. In general features in machine learning-based NER are related with words, but entities in named-entity dictionaries are related to phrases. So the entities are not able to be directly used as features of the NER systems. This paper proposes an encoding scheme as a feature generation method which converts phrase entities into features of word units. Futhermore, due to this scheme, entities with semantic information in WordNet can be converted into features of the NER systems. Through our experiments we have shown that the performance is increased by about 6% of F1 score and the errors is reduced by about 38%.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.82-96
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• 2010

The purposes of this study are to investigate the perception of renewable energy technology among elementary school teachers, and confirm whether elementary school teachers have basic knowledge about renewable energy sources, including solar, wind, and tidal power generation. We conducted preliminary interviews to gather information related to other studies about renewable energy. We developed the last interview question about the perception and knowledge of elementary school teachers regarding renewable energy. This study analyzed the transcribed responses of 10 elementary school teachers in Siheung-city, Gyeonggi-do, following 30-minute interviews. The study's findings are as follows. First, elementary school teachers recognize that they are unfamiliar with concepts and they have only shallow content knowledge about renewable energy. And they tended to distorted to other concepts, and analyze to different meanings. Second, elementary school teachers thought that knowledge about renewable energy should be part of a well-rounded education. And they felt positively about solar energy and wind power energy generation but they had a negative view towards tidal power generation because it destroys tideland. Third, teachers tended to confuse solar heat energy and geothermal energy, they tend to think this two energy sources the same. Teachers had generally correct concepts about wind power energy generation. In the case of tidal power generation, elementary school teachers answered mechanically that it is possible on the western sea, and that 'the difference between the rise and fall of the tide' grows. But they could not talk in depth about 'the difference between the rise and fall of the tide' and the force of waves. This suggests that they are answering by simple memorization and without deep understanding.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.723-732
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• 2022

Cracking ammonia inside solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stack is a compact and simple way. To prevent sharp temperature fluctuation and increase cell efficiency, the decomposition reaction should be spread on whole cell area. This leading to a question that, how does anode thickness affect the conversion rate of ammonia and the cell voltage? Since the 0D model of SOFC is useful for system level simulation, how accurate is it to use equilibrium solver for internal ammonia cracking reaction? The 1D model of ammonia fed SOFC was used to simulate the diffusion and reaction of ammonia inside the anode electrode, then the partial pressure of hydrogen and steam at triple phase boundary was used for cell voltage calculation. The result shows that, the ammonia conversion rate increases and reaches saturated value as anode thickness increase, and the saturated thickness is bigger for lower operating temperature. The similar cell voltage between 1D and 0D models can be reached with NH₃ conversion rate above 90%. The 0D model and 1D model of SOFC showed similar conversion rate at temperature over 750℃.