• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• v.38 no.2
• /
• pp.83-94
• /
• 2021

The global obesity epidemic and the growing elderly population largely contribute to the increasing incidence of type 2 diabetes. Insulin resistance acts as a critical link between the present obesity pandemic and type 2 diabetes. Naturally occurring reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulate intracellular signaling and are kept in balance by the antioxidant system. However, the imbalance between ROS production and antioxidant capacity causes ROS accumulation and induces oxidative stress. Oxidative stress interrupts insulin-mediated intracellular signaling pathways, as supported by studies involving genetic modification of antioxidant enzymes in experimental rodents. In addition, a close association between oxidative stress and insulin resistance has been reported in numerous human studies. However, the controversial results with the use of antioxidants in type 2 diabetes raise the question of whether oxidative stress plays a critical role in insulin resistance. In this review article, we discuss the relevance of oxidative stress to insulin resistance based on genetically modified animal models and human trials.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.141-152
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this study is to provide the basic materials for searching the way of improvement to heighten the emergency medical welfare level by one step further. To achieve this purpose, the subjects of this study were selected 452 college students in Gwangju, using a random sampling method. The statistical analysis methods utilized for analyzing the collected data are frequency analysis, $x^2$ test. The conclusions obtained from these analyses are as following ; 1. In question about necessary optimum number of persons for rescue first aid activity, health and non-health major college students responded by 39.2%, 45.3% respectively that rescue team 15 people, first aid team 3 people is most suitable. But there was no significant difference in major department(p<0.05). 2. In question about security of the public health doctor and the emergency medical technician, all health and non-health major college students are recognizing necessity urgently, but there was no significant difference in major department(p<0.05). 3. In question about 119 rescue first aid team member applying for an examination qualification grant to the department of EMT's graduate, all health and non-health major college students were highest by 52.9%, 52.4% respectively in "necessity" item. But there was no significant difference in major department(p<0.05). 4. Because rescue first aid equipment level appears higher than 41.7% in non-health major college student's case by 54.2% in health major college student's case, health major college students are recognizing that equipment level should be supplemented more but there was no significant difference in major department(p<0.05). 5. In question about equipment supplement, all health and non-health major college students appeared highest by 64.8%, 69.3% in accident type different special equipment. But there was no significant difference in major department(p<0.05). 6. In question about rescue ambulance car size, we could know being thinking that health and non-health major college student each 61.2%, 56.5% is small and narrow that large size of the rescue ambulance amount need. But there was no significant difference in major department(p<0.05). 7. In question about patient's state is worsened, because rescue first aid equipment is inferior, health major college student responded sometimes 55.1%, many 29.5%. very many by 11.5%, while non-health major college student responded 65.8%, 23.1%, 4.0% respectively. There was significant difference in major department(p<0.05). 8. In question about emergency patient must utilize for 119 rescue ambulance car, all health and non-health major college students appeared highest by 38.8%, 41.3% in "not so" item. In question about rescue first aid team's first-aid treatment ability improves more, all health and non-health major college students appeared highest by 58.1% and 58.7% respectively in "improve" item. In question about "119 rescue ambulance car must go more rapidly than now", all health and non-health major college students are recognizing that should be quicker by 58.1%, 60.9% respectively. When called to 119 all health and non-health major college students responded highest by 55.5%, 53.3% respectively that we must receive first-aid treatment direction from a doctor. In question about "119 rescue ambulance car must be made the pay system", all health and non-health major college students responded 74%, 80% respectively in "not so" item. There was significant difference in major department(p<0.05). In conclusions, In oder to provide superior rescue first aid service to people, a public health doctor should be placed in the situation room inside the fire station so that the doctor could instruct the proper emergency treatment suitable for each situation to the rescue first aid team. Also, national education about a first-aid treatment that do to all people is necessarily necessary in emergency delivery system and this should be spread extensively through school education and broadcasting medium and education should be gone side by side, and see that will can save emergency patients' life which is more when these education consists continuously fixed period for public institution of policeman, fire officer etc. specially. And for reinforcement of patient transfer system, public organization must procure special ambulance car so that emergency patient receive first aid treatment while transfer.

• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.95-103
• /
• 2019

Purpose - Recently, many theoretical researches suggested that arts-based marketing strategies provide many benefits for marketers to differentiate their brand or product from others. However, there has been little research focusing on consumers' response types from artwork (artifact-emotion appraisal; A-emotion vs. represented world-emotion appraisal; R-emotion). In order to deepen our understanding of arts-based marketing strategies, we addressed a research question related to how artwork-provoked consumers' emotional response can impact the perceived evaluation of art infused products. Research design, data, and methodology - To answer the research question, we conducted a pretest and one experimental study. The experimental study was 2(art-provoked response type: A-emotion vs. R-emotion) by 2(emotional valence: positive vs. negative) by 2(produce type: hedonic vs. utilitarian) mixed design. The art-provoked response type and emotional valence were between-subject design and product type was within subject design. For the experimental study, 108 undergraduate students and graduate students were randomly assigned to one of 4 conditions (A-emotion-positive, A-emotion-negative, R-emotion-positive, R-emotion-negative). Participants reported their evaluation of art-infused product and other items for a manipulation check. Results - The major results from the experimental study are as follow. First, participant's art-provoked response type influenced evaluation of art infused products differently. More specifically, the effect of emotional valence of artwork on product evaluation was not significant in A-emotion. However, in R-emotion, relative to the product with artwork provoked negative emotional valence, the product with artwork provoked positive emotional valence elicited significantly higher product evaluation. Second, product type also affected the art infusion effect significantly. Particularly, the differential effect of participant's art-provoked response type on product evaluation revealed when it is for a utilitarian product, but not for a hedonic product. Conclusions - Theoretically, the findings of this study expand academic research on art infusion. And the findings also can be extrapolated to generate lots of implication for marketers. In sum, when they plan art marketing strategies to build the favorable relationship with their customers, they need to consider customers' response type of an infused art and product type.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.31-42
• /
• 2018

Countries around the world are strengthening informatics education to cope with the development of technology that leads to rapid social change. The last step in the capacity to foster through formal education is high school education. The purpose of this study is to examine the competence and level of informatics curriculum for high school students who aim to enter university in terms of testing tools. In order to carry out the research, we analyzed informatics education related test tools for high school students such as Japan, Germany, and USA. The results of the analysis are as follows: First, both the essay type and the short answer type question are included in the test tool as well as the multiple choice question type. Second, we use the real world model as an item and ask whether we can use computing power for practical problem solving ability. Third, the items directly related to the university education are reflected in the items. This study suggests that it has helped to elucidate the features and discussions of the test tool and establish the development direction of the test tool for informatics education.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.57-67
• /
• 2015

The aim of this study was to categorize and analyze the patterns of the observation type in the experiential learning through the science museum for elementary gifted students in science. Ten science-gifted students were included and analyzed in this study and during experiential learning in the science museum, the participants freely expressed their observation of their own languages and all observations and dialogue were recorded. The results are listed below. The cognitive aspect, especially question and response activity without their personal opinion, was the most frequently used item. Among the affective aspects, item for 'recommendation' was often used. In accordance to observation type, most participants overall observed single object independently of time. Also, participants mostly observed objects visually using qualitative method without manipulation. Therefore verbal interaction through question might have a positive effect on frequency and diversity of observation. Project learning, such as particular exhibition hall, exploratory time of concentration by students, or study paper will be capable of creating a effective observation learning in order to induce a variety of observation of science gifted students in the experiential learning through the science museum.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.67-81
• /
• 1996

Our agricultural extension system with all its success and failures, rewards and punishment was introduced 50 years ago with particular reference from United States. Some of the established principles and policies of effective extension work were shaken off for immediate result. But the results were not praiseworthy. The purpose of this study is to throw some light on the question of systems and approaches on agricultural extension that can adequately meet the challenges of the future. Our extension system is `special government type` which administers a nation-wide network of extension and training services in close collaboration with that of the experiment station. This type, however, has innate weakness which inclined to be standardized, inflexible, and irrelevant to actual needs of farming communities and problems of farmers. In this regard, it is necessary to consider another approaches of agricultural extension: `Government Type`, `Agricultural University`, `Farmers Organization`. The characteristics features, advantages and disadvantages of these models have been discussed. Each model has been found wanting in one way or another to meet the needs and interest of the present Korean situation. In view of the agricultural situation, and considering the expected changes of farmers and technologies in the years ahead, the `modification (especially to the direction of provincial government) of preset system` was expected which would be operationally flexible and organizationally unified and decentralized. The modification of present system should include the following characteristics: 1) universal contact with client system, 2) local planning based on the needs of clients, 3) using multiple method of nonformal education, 4) fitting with both general and specialized farming systems, 5) accommodating variable clients, technologies and educational objects.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.17-27
• /
• 2012

Objectives: The purpose of this study was an attempt to improve the major satisfaction to verify the correlation of major satisfaction according to social support types of health administration major students. Methods: The subjects were 380 students with major in the Dept. of public health administration from 2 universities and 2 colleges located in Incheon city, Gyeonggi province, and Chungcheognam province. Data were collected from June 2 to 20, 2008 using structured questionnaires. Results: The study question are following : Social support type was sorted into three groups. Types of social support were classified high-support type, low-professor type, low-support type. Major satisfaction was the highest in the high-support type. The correlation between social support type and major satisfaction was the sequence correlation, low-professor type and low-support type were the reverse correlation. Conclusions: In conclusion, Students can improve of major satisfaction through study group activities, systemic learning and career counseling. Professors and students are improve solidarity through open communication methods.

• Human Ecology Research
• /
• v.54 no.1
• /
• pp.27-43
• /
• 2016

This study initiates from the question of whether current advertising regulations are appropriate to be applied to the market. It confirms the relationship between misleading online advertisements of weight-loss food and consumer damages. This study argues that it is necessary to enforce monitoring and regulating (strengthening monitoring) for situations where misleading advertisements are exposed in the market with subsequent consumer damages. However, deregulation is needed for advertisements exposed in the name of misleading advertisements but with no consumer damages. In conclusion, the regulations of current weight loss foods are properly established $vis-{\grave{a}}-vis$ the market situation. However, misleading advertisements are prevalent for all regulated types: Type I (product quality and effect), Type II (endorsement and warranty), Type III (ways to use and safety), Type IV (comparison and superiority), and Type V (company information). Promotion targeting businesses, market monitoring and control are necessary to ensure that advertising regulations (which have existed only as an institution) can be appropriately applied. It is also confirmed that 'comparison advertising' (applicable to Type IV where consumer damages were not shown compared to other regulations) does not have an actual effect as a consumer protection regulation that should be considered in regulation revisions. Consumers also did not recognize Type III and V in the purchasing stage while consumer damages were demonstrated; consequently, this implies that consumers need to check and become attentive to these types.

• Journal of Science Education
• /
• v.39 no.1
• /
• pp.113-131
• /
• 2015

The purpose of this study was to analyze the interactive patterns between teacher and students in middle school earthh science classroom, identify difference of discourse types between earthh science classes taught by majored and non-majored teacher, find the relationship between the discourse pattern and the type of teachers' questions. For that purpose, the participants in this study included four teachers and their students of three middle schools in Seoul. The data consisted of two parts. First, we categorized interaction between teacher and students into the types of discourses by the use of Mortimer and Scott's analytical framework(2003). Second, we classified teachers' questions into four different types of question based on MNeill & Pimentel's classification scheme(2009) to examine for the relationship between the discourse pattern and the type of teachers' questions. As a result, all teachers used interactive/authoritative discourse most in middle school earth science class. Therefore, there was more authoritative discourse to non-majored teacher in comparison with majored teacher. And study demonstrated that the discourse pattern was more related to feedback about student's response rather than the type of teachers' question. In other words, the dialogic discourse showed up more frequently when the teacher used delayed feedback with positive and accepting attitude.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.217-235
• /
• 1998

The purpose of this study is to define the altenative assessment and to suggest the method of scoring system. Alternative assessment includes any type of assessment in which student create reponses to a question rather than choosing a responses form given list( as for multiple choice, true/false, or matching). Alternative assessment can includes short answer questions, essay, performances, oral presentation, demonstrations, exhibitions, portfolios, and etc. To evaluate the each type of assessment, we can apply the method of holistic scoring and analytic scoring system. Also we have to concern the type of scoring mechanism directly relate to what we want to assess, our purpose for assessment fitting into the educational enterprise. Before applying the alternative assessment in our classroom, we need to step back and reconsider all our design features and teachers' responsibility.