• 한국어병학회지
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.111-116
• /
• 2013

본 연구에서는 4급 암모늄에 속하는 didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC)와 유카추출물 (Yucca extract)의 합제인 아쿠아 팜세이프$^{(R)}$의 어류 질병 병원체에 대한 살균효과를 확인하기 위하여 농림수산검역검사본부의 소독제 효력시험 중 세균 및 바이러스 소독제 효력시험에 따라 수행하였다. 소독제와 병원체를 증류수, 경수 그리고 유기물 조건에서 반응시킨 후, 중화액을 이용하여 중화시킨 다음, 중화된 용액을 배지 및 주화세포에서 접종시켜 세균의 성장 및 세포변성효과를 통해 소독제의 효력배수를 결정하였다. 본 연구의 결과, 아쿠아 팜세이프$^{(R)}$는 식중독을 일으키는 공시균주 살모넬라균 (S. typhimurim)에 비하여, 어병세균이 30~40배 이상 높은 희석농도에서 소독효과를 나타내었으며, VHSV에 대하여서는 2,000~3,600배의 유효한 효력배수를 나타내었다. 따라서, 향후, 야외적용시험을 통해 실제 적용에 따른 효과를 확인할 필요가 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• 제36권3호
• /
• pp.163-171
• /
• 1993

말쥐치피 및 대구피로부터 콜라겐을 추출하여 그 물리화학적 특성을 비교 검토하였다. 아미노산 조성 중 glutamic acid, hydroxyproline, valine 및 phenylalanine은 말쥐치피 콜라겐이 대구피 콜라겐보다 함량이 높았으나, glycine, proline 및 serine은 오히려 낮았다. 필수아미노산 함량은 말쥐치피 콜라겐이 1,000잔기 중 265잔기로 대구피의 229잔기보다 높았다. 말쥐치 및 대구피 콜라겐의 용해도는 모두 pH 7.0에서 가장 낮았으며, pH 5.0 이하의 산성영역에서 용해도가 급격히 증가하였다. 점도는 말쥐치피 콜라겐이 대구피 콜라겐보다 높았으며, 각각 pH 4.0 및 pH 2.0에서 가장 높았으나, pH 7.0에서는 모두 가장 낮았다. 콜라겐의 변성온도는 말쥐치피 콜라겐이 $25^{\circ}C$로 대구피의 $17^{\circ}C$보다 높았다. 콜라겐 구성 아미노산의 측쇄 중 소수성 잔기의 노출 정도는 대구피 콜라겐이 $50^{\circ}C$, 말쥐치피 콜라겐은 $60^{\circ}C$까지 증가하였으나 그 이후에는 다소 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 대구피 콜라겐이 말쥐치피 콜라겐에 비해 표면 소수성 노출 정도가 약간 높았다. 보수력은 pH 7.0에서 모두 가장 낮았으며, 대구피 콜라겐이 말쥐치 콜라겐에 비해 높았다. 유화성 및 유화안정성은 대구피 콜라겐이 말쥐치피 콜라겐보다 우수하였다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제15권12호
• /
• pp.4829-4837
• /
• 2014

The present systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess any association between breastfeeding and the risk of ovarian cancer. A systematic search of published studies was performed in PUBMED and EMBASE and by reviewing reference lists from retrieved articles through March 2013. Data extraction was conducted independently by two authors. Pooled relative risk ratios were calculated using random-effect models. Totals of 5 cohort studies and 35 case-control studies including 17,139 women with ovarian cancer showed a 30% reduced risk of ovarian cancer when comparing the women who had breastfed with those who had never breastfed (pooled RR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.64-0.76; p = 0.00), with significant heterogeneity in the studies (p = 0.00; I2 = 76.29%). A significant decreasd in risk of epithelial ovarian cancer was also observed (pooled RR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.61-0.76). When the participants were restricted to only parous women, there was a slightly attenuated but still significant risk reduction of ovarian cancer (pooled RR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.69-0.83). For total breastfeeding duration, the pooled RRs in the < 6 months, 6-12 months and > 12 months of breastfeeding subgroups were 0.85 (95% CI: 0.77-0.93), 0.73 (95% CI: 0.65-0.82) and 0.64 (95%CI: 0.56-0.73), respectively. Meta-regression of total breastfeeding duration indicated an increasing linear trend of risk reduction of ovarian cancer with the increasing total breastfeeding duration (p = 0.00). Breastfeeding was inversely associated with the risk of ovarian cancer, especially long-term breastfeeding duration that demonstrated a stronger protective effect.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제46권1호
• /
• pp.46-52
• /
• 2013

After an outbreak of viral disease in an aquafarm, release of virus (es) from infected fish into environmental seawater has been suspected. In the present study, we utilized a negatively charged membrane (HA type) as an efficient method for concentration and detection of fish pathogenic viruses, specifically, megalocytivirus and viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) present in field-collected seawater samples or inoculated into seawater artificially. Positively charged viruses adsorbed onto the negatively charged membrane and were eluted with 1 mM NaOH (pH 10.5) following rinsing with 0.5 mM $H_2SO_4$ (pH 3.0). Megalocytivirus and VHSV particles isolated using anegatively charged HA membrane from seawater inoculated with each virus at a concentration of 10 viral particles/mL were of sufficient quantity to show positive results in atwo-step PCR (or RT two-step PCR); however, despite it being negatively charged, a cellulose acetate (CA) membraneshowed negative results. In quantitative PCR, the detection limits of the HA membrane for megalocytivirus and VHSV in seawater were 1.20E+00 viral particles/mL and 1.22E+01 viralparticles/mL, respectively. The calculated mean recovery yields from 1 L seawater spiked with known concentrations of megalocytivirus and VHSV particles were 28.11% and 23.00%, respectively. The concentrate of a 1-L sample of culturing seawater from the aquatank of flounder suffering from VHSV showed clear positive results in PCR when isolated with an HA, but not a CA, membrane. Thus, viral isolation using an HA membrane is a practical and reliable method for detection of fish pathogenic viruses in seawater.

• 한국동물위생학회지
• /
• 제30권1호
• /
• pp.145-154
• /
• 2007

In Korea, it is the one of controversial problems to distinguish heifer from cow in slaughtered Holstein cattle. This study was conducted to evaluate the several criterions which could be used to discriminate heifer from cow. Some criterions have shown significant differences between heifer and cow in ante and post-mortem inspections(p<0.01). Firstly, the numbers of milk teeth of heifer and cow were $6.12{\pm}1.92$ ($Mean{\pm}Standard$ deviation) and $0.03{\pm}0.39$ respectively. The teat diameter(D) and length(L) of cow were $26.43{\pm}4.31mm$ and $47.76{\pm}6.89mm$ respectively. However, those of heifer were significantly smaller (D: $18.04{\pm}5.04mm$, L: $28.61{\pm}8.91mm$) than those of cow. The size of udder was $203.68{\pm}16.84mm$ in Holstein cow and $112.70{\pm}20.59mm$ in heifer. Secondly, the uterus size of cow was significantly bigger than that of heifer and caruncle in mucosa of uterus could be easy to be confirmed by necropsy inspection. It was also obvious that the folding and length of uterus body were significantly remarkable in cow. Lastly, the pelvic cavity was $196.33{\pm}10.01mm$ in heifer and $220.90{\pm}11.41mm$ in cow. The ossifying maturation of heifer was $2.64{\pm}0.82$ and $6.71{\pm}1.81$ in cow. As the results, this study can be helpful for meat inspectors to discriminate the non-delivery heifer from delivery cow in Holstein cattle.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.555-562
• /
• 2012

PCR was performed to analyze the ${\beta}$-lactamase genes carried by ampicillin-resistant Vibrio spp. strains isolated from marine environments in Korea between 2006 and 2009. All 36 strains tested showed negative results in PCR with the primers designed from the nucleotide sequences of various known ${\beta}$-lactamase genes. This prompted us to screen new ${\beta}$-lactamase genes. A novel ${\beta}$-lactamase gene was cloned from Vibrio alginolyticus KV3 isolated from the aquaculture water of Geoje Island of Korea. The determined nucleotide sequence (VAK-3 ${\beta}$-lactamase) revealed an open reading frame (ORF) of 852 bp, encoding a protein of 283 amino acids (aa), which displayed low homology to any other ${\beta}$-lactamase genes reported in public databases. The deduced 283 aa sequence of VAK-3, consisting of a 19 aa signal peptide and a 264 aa mature protein, contained highly conserved peptide segments specific to class A ${\beta}$-lactamases including the specific amino acid residues STFK (62-65), SDN (122-124), E (158), and RTG (226-228). Results from PCR performed with primers specific to the VAK-3 ${\beta}$-lactamase gene identified 3 of the 36 isolated strains as V. alginolyticus, Vibrio cholerae, and Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae, indicating the utilization of various ${\beta}$-lactamase genes including unidentified ones in ampicillin-resistant Vibrio spp. strains from the marine environment. In a mating experiment, none of the isolates transfered the VAK-3 ${\beta}$-lactamase gene to the Escherichia coli recipient. This lack of mobility, and the presence of a chromosomal acyl-CoA flanking sequence upstream of the VAK-3 ${\beta}$-lactamase gene, led to the assumption that the location of this new ${\beta}$-lactamase gene was in the chromosome, rather than the mobile plasmid. Antibiotic susceptibility of VAK-3 ${\beta}$-lactamase was indicated by elevated levels of resistance to penicillins, but not to cephalosporins in the wild type and E. coli harboring recombinant plasmid pKV-3, compared with those of the host strain alone. Phylogenetic analysis showed that VAK-3 ${\beta}$-lactamase is a new and separate member of class A ${\beta}$-lactamases.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
• /
• 제35권4호
• /
• pp.479-483
• /
• 2011

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of E. coli isolated from porcine semen on sperm viability, motility, and semen pH. Semen samples were prepared using commercial extender, $Seminark^{Pro}$ (Noahbio Tech, Korea) that did not contain antibiotics. And 4 different levels of E. coli were artificially innoculated to semen with following concentrations; 4,000 of sperms with 1 of E. coli (T1), 400 with 1 (T2), 40 with 1 (T3), and 4 with 1 (T4). Semen samples were preserved at $17^{\circ}C$ for 5 days in semen storage box until analyzed by flowcytometer. Aliquots were subjected to measure the sperm viability (Live/$Dead^{(R)}$ stain), motility (mitochondrial function), and semen acidity (pH) from day 0 (day of semen collection) to day 5. Sperm motility and viability were significantly decreased (p<0.05) on day 0 (4 hrs after preservation at $17^{\circ}C$) in T3 and T4 compared to control groups and were significantly decreased (p<0.05) in all groups from day 3. Sample pH was acidic in T3 (6.90~6.86) and T4 (6.86~6.65) from day 3 to day 5 (p<0.05). On the other hand, sample pH was maintained 7.0~7.1 in control, T1, and T2 during the experimental period. Sperm motility and viability were significantly decreased from day 0 to day 5 compared to control in samples contaminated with E. coli above a value of 40:1 ($20{\times}10^6$ sperm cells/ml : $5{\times}10^5$ cfu/ml). Even on day 1 in T4 and on day 3 in T3, semen pH was acidic probably due to the acidification of dead spermatozoa. These results suggest that E. coli contamination has a concentration-dependent detrimental effect on extended porcine semen quality.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
• /
• 제37권4호
• /
• pp.263-267
• /
• 2013

Pig producers have been shown keen interest of the number of spermatozoa in a semen dose since pig artificial insemination introduce. However, determining the minimal number of spermatozoa need per AI without detrimental effect on overall reproductive performances is not an easy question to answer. To increase the efficiency of semen utilization in pig AI, optimum number of spermatozoa per dose needed to determine. The objective of this study was to determine the reproductive performance and factors that affect on-farm application of low-dose semen insemination in sows. Data were collected from Darby Genetics AI studs from 4th of June to 7th of July, 2012 (n=401). The numbers of parturition were 84, 234 and 83 in sows inseminated with doses of $1.5{\times}10^9$, $2.0{\times}10^9$ and $2.5{\times}10^9$ spermatozoa in 100ml extender, respectively. There were no significant differences on reproductive performances such as gestation period, total born, total born alive, stillbirth and mummy in sows inseminated with different semen doses. The average number of born alive was 10.5, 11.0 and 10.4 from sows inseminated with $1.5{\times}10^9$, $2.0{\times}10^9$ and $2.5{\times}10^9$ sperms, respectively. Also, number of spermatozoa per dose did not affect litter size (p>0.10). There were no significant differences of maternal genetic line difference on gestation period, total number born, number born alive, born dead and mummy. The estimated correlation coefficients of the different semen doses with total number born, number born alive, born dead and mummy were r=-0.00, -0.01, 0.02 and 0.02, respectively. Taken together, the result of this study suggested that when semen was appropriately inseminated after induced ovulation, insemination with low-dose ($1.5{\sim}2.0{\times}10^9$) semen dose not adversely affect sow's fertility.

• 한국어병학회지
• /
• 제25권3호
• /
• pp.151-158
• /
• 2012

양식 동남아산 뱀장어 Anguilla bicolor에 아가미의 출혈 및 간장의 충혈을 특징으로 하는 질병의 원인을 조사한 결과 Anguillid herpesvirus (AngHV-1) 의 감염이 확인되었다. 병어는 병리조직학적으로 아가미의 상피세포의 증생과 모세혈관의 출혈, 간장의 공포변성 및 중심정맥의 충혈이 관찰되었다. 병어를 $35^{\circ}C$에 10일간 승온 사육한 결과 아가미의 형태가 건강어의 아가미와 유사한 형태로 회복되었으며, 폐사율도 10%로 승온 처리가 폐사율 감소에 효과적인 것으로 나타났다.

• 농업생명과학연구
• /
• 제45권6호
• /
• pp.141-150
• /
• 2011

저염 우렁쉥이 젓갈의 풍미발현물질을 구명하기 위해 SDE apparatus, GC 및 GC/MS를 이용하여 저염 우렁쉥이 젓갈 특유의 향기성분을 추출, 분리 및 동정하였다. $5^{\circ}C$에서 15일간 숙성시킨 저염 우렁쉥이 젓갈의 pH는 5.17, 염도는 8.0%, 휘발성염기질소의 함량은 23.0 mg/100 g이었다. 저염 우렁쉥이 젓갈의 향기성분으로 총 96 성분이 동정되었고, 총함량은 $1,221.42{\mu}g/100g$-cyclohexanol이었다. 이들 화합물의 종류와 함량을 group별로 분류하면 alcohol류 23종, acid류 16종, aldehyde류 15종, hydrocarbon류 29종, 방향족 화합물 6종, ester류 2종, 함질소 화합물 2종 및 기타 3종으로 구성되어 있었는데, 계수적인 측면에서 가장 많은 화합물은 hydrocarbon류였고, 양적인 측면에서 가장 많은 화합물은 1-octanol을 위주로 한 alcohol류였다. 저염 우렁쉥이 젓갈의 향기발현에는 alcohol류를 위주로 여기에 aldehyde류, acid류, 방향족 화합물, ester류 및 함질소 화합물 등이 관여하며, 이들 성분이 서로 조화를 이루어 저염 우렁쉥이 젓갈의 독특한 향기를 발현한다고 생각되었다.