• Health Policy and Management
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.301-307
• /
• 2018

The development of transport is being easily shared with people all over the world. It is necessary to appropriately and effectively revise the domestic quarantine law because the fatal infectious diseases are at risk of being easily shared. Today, Korea has an advanced quarantine system approved by World Health Organization, but it maintains partnerships with related ministries (Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Justice, local medical institutions) and to introduce new medical technology (electronic quarantine) is important. And since the prevention of quarantine infectious diseases and prevention of the spread, in order to maintain international cooperation with the International Health Regulations, the quarantine law and the system should be amended and improved effectively and it is also a way to prepare for the outbreak of new quarantine infectious diseases. In the past, Korea has experienced great confusion during the past outbreak of swine flu and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. To prevent similar cases from recurring in the past, the revision of the quarantine law and the improvement of the system should be done to cope with the changing environment (new infections, increased number of overseas travelers, etc.).

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.46 no.4
• /
• pp.295-304
• /
• 2006

Residual materials such as veterinary drugs, environmental contaminants, and pesticides are affecting food safety. High resolution techniques and quality controls are needed to analyze these materials from part per million to part per trillion quantities in food. In order to achieve quality results, standardized methods and techniques are required. Our laboratories were prepared to obtain a certificate of accreditation for ISO/IEC 17025 in the analytical criteria of animal drugs, dioxins, pesticides, and heavy metals. ISO together with IEC has built a strategic partnership with the World Trade Organization with the common goal of promoting a free and fair global trading system. ISO collaborates with the United Nations Organization and its specialized agencies and commissions, particularly those involved in the harmonization of regulations and public policies including the World Health Organization and CODEX Alimentarius for food safety measurement, management and traceability. Our goal was to have high quality analysts, proper analytical methods, good laboratory facilities, and safety systems within guidelines of ISO/IEC 17025. All staff members took requirement exams. We applied proficiency tests in the analysis of veterinary drugs (nitrofuran metabolites, sulfonamide and tetracyclines), dioxins, organophosphorus pesticides, and heavy metals (Cd, Pb, As) to the Food Analysis Performance Assessment Scheme (FAPAS) at Central Science Laboratory, Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA), England. The results were very satisfactory. All documents were prepared, including system management, laboratory management, standard operational procedures for testing, reporting, and more. The criteria encompassed the requirements of ISO/IEC 17025:1999. Finally, the Korea Laboratory Accreditation Scheme (KOLAS) accredited our testing laboratories in accordance with the provisions of Article 23 of the National Standards Act. The accreditation will give us the benefit of becoming a regional reference laboratory in Asia.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.170-175
• /
• 2013

Korea is carrying out weed quarantine by plant quarantine regulations including heat-treatment method to prevent the influx of exotic weeds. In order to confirm suitability for current heat-treatment criteria and find field-applicable methods which can completely devitalize quarantine weed seeds, the conditions for heat-treatment with/without 40% relative humidity were studied with 9 species among quarantine weed seeds and one weed species similar to quarantine weed. Dry heat-treatments had been tested under various temperatures and time conditions. All seeds were dead at the conditions of $95^{\circ}C$ for 48 hours, $100^{\circ}C$ for 36 hours, $110^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours, $121^{\circ}C$ for 4 hours and $130^{\circ}C$ for 30 minutes. Heat-treatments at 40% relative humidity resulted in complete seed death at the conditions of $85^{\circ}C$ for 36 hours and $90^{\circ}C$ for 16 hours. The above results show that current heat-treatment criteria are not suitable for several quarantine weeds and these conditions could be applied as a quarantine method to prevent the influx of quarantine weeds along with agricultural imports. More specific conditions for heat tolerant species such as Picris echioides and heat susceptible species such as Cuscuta spp. are necessary and will improve plant quarantine process in devitalizing quarantine weed seeds with different heat tolerances.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.22-27
• /
• 2000

National plant quarantine inspector of exporting country should inspect agricultural products according to the quarantine requisites of counterpart country when the commodities are shipped. Export of pear fruits was held because quarantine pests including Conogethes punctiferalis were found at the point of entry in Canada. In order to examine the problems in detail, the inspected pear fruits were stored at a low temperature for 43 days, almost the same period necessary for fruit sorting, quarantine procedures, and transportation by ship. Dead larvae of fruit moths, C. punctiferalis and Grapholita molesta were found during cold storage. Quarantine pathogens were not found, but non-quarantine ones such as Penicillium sp. was infected through wounds by bruises and stabs resulted from sorting procedures. Because of the wounding problem during export procedures, pear fruits with thin exocarp, such as fruits of P. pyrifolia Nakai cv. Whangkeumbae, are required more careful handling during fruit sorting and conveyance.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.48 no.1
• /
• pp.39-48
• /
• 2008

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) are ubiquitous and can contaminate the food chain. A study monitoring PCDD/Fs in imported meat was conducted at the National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service (NVRQS, Republic of Korea) in order to maintain food safety from the bioaccumulative PCDD/Fs. Seventeen PCDD/Fs with toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) established by World Health Organization (WHO, 1998) were analyzed in imported beef, pork, and chicken by high resolution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (HR-GC/MS). Results of the monitoring for the last 5 years are presented. The levels of PCDD/Fs were similar to other studies except two unusually high concentrations in pork and beef. Excessive levels greater than the Korean provisional maximum residue limit of PCDD/Fs were found in a sample of pork imported from Chile and a sample of beef imported from U.S, and those products were rejected and returned. There was no obvious trend or differences with respect to time or origin of meat in this study.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
• /
• v.42 no.1
• /
• pp.25-30
• /
• 2019

The objective of this study was to assess the possibility of detecting Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) from the herd-based oral fluids specimens collected by the cotton ropes from pig farms that were found as FMDV nonstructural protein (NSP) antibodies positive. The cotton ropes were applied to detect FMDV in the selected pig farms which NSP antibodies were continuously detected in 2016, including the one pig farm which FMDV antigen were detected at the specimens from the pigsty environment. As the result, FMDV antigen were not detected in the oral fluid specimens collected by the cotton ropes. Theoretically, to detect FMDV antigen from the pigs with NSP antibodies has very low possibility because FMDV antigen disappeared at the time when NSP antibodies were produced by FMDV. Therefore, in order to detect FMDV antigen from the oral fluids using the cotton rope, it would be more effective to be applied to target the FMDV infected pigs rather than the NSP antibodies positive pigs. The collected oral fluids using cotton rope could be useful test specimens to monitor high-density pig populations for FMDV infection. Then, oral fluids sampling using cotton rope will be used for the efficient FMDV surveillance to detect FMDV antigen.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.291-296
• /
• 2011

In order to detect quarantine plant viruses, we developed reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) primer pairs for five single-stranded (ss) plant RNA viruses that are not currently reported in Korea but could be potential harmful plant viral pathogens. Three viruses such as Chilli veinal mottle virus (ChiVMV), Colombian datura virus (CDV), and Tobacco etch virus (TEV) belong to the genus Potyvirus while Chrysanthemum stem necrosis virus (CSNV) and Iris yellow spot virus (IYSV) are members of the genus Tospovirus. To design RT-PCR primers, we used reported gene sequences corresponding to the capsid protein and polyprotein for ChiVMV, CDV, and TEV while using nucleocapsid protein regions for CSNV and IYSV. At least two different primer pairs were designed for each virus. Fifteen out of 16 primer pairs were successfully applied in detection of individual quarantine virus with high specificity and efficiency. Taken together, this study provides a rapid and useful protocol for detection of five quarantine viruses.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.40 no.3
• /
• pp.505-514
• /
• 2000

This study was conducted to investigate the isolation prequency, serotypes, and related epidemiological properties of 341 Salmonella spp from domestic poultry and environmental samples during the period 1993-1995. A total of 1,918 samples was collected during the three years period in nationwide. Most of Salmonella spp were isolated from the intestinal contents of poultry, especially cecal(46.0%) and rectal(35.8%) contents. Among the tested samples, rat(28.5 %) was the most predominant Salmonella reservoirs and followed by duck(24.8%), broiler(18.8%), layer(14.8%) and feed(7.1%), in order. More than twelve Salmonella serovars were identified among the 341 Salmonella isolates. The most prevalent serotypes isolated from non-human sources were S enteritidis (22.3%) and S pullorum (21.9%), S muenchen (13.9%), S typhimurium (12.6%), S gallinarum, S meleagridis, S heidelberg, and S senftenberg were followed, in order. In layer chickens, S pullorum (26.0%) was the most predominant serotype but S muenchen (33.0%) was in broiler chickens, S enteritidis (28.4%) was in ducks, and S typhimurium (60.0%) was in rats, respectively. As a results, S enteritidis was identified as the most prevalent serotype in non-human Salmonella isolates in Korea during the period 1993-1995. A preliminary study on the phage typing of 19 S enteritidis selected from the nationwide scale was shown that S enteritidis phage type(PT) 4 was the most predominant PT, and SEPT 1, SEPT 6a, SEPT 7 and SEPT 7a variant were also found in the same period.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
• /
• v.43 no.3
• /
• pp.147-154
• /
• 2020

Standard samples were prepared for this study, and applied for BactoScan^TM and BactoCount^TM in order for quality control evaluation for total bacterial count in raw milk. Accordingly, the preparation of two lots of standard samples for quality control were lyophilized, which contain Lactobacillus lactis. The standard samples were prepared into three different levels of bacterial counts, those were Low 30,000~40,000, Medium 70,000~90,000, High 150,000~220,000 CFU/mL, respectively. Then, the proficiency tests were performed in total 19 laboratories for measuring total bacterial counts. The total bacterial counts in the standard samples showed 37~42, 82~105, 214~240 CFU/mL in the first lot, and it showed 30~36, 67~75, 131~163 CFU/mL in the second lot in low, medium and high levels, respectively. Based on these results, the absolute values of z-scores of six standard samples in 18 laboratories were ≤2, which means the samples are satisfactory. However, z-score in one laboratory was ≤3, which means the sample is questionable. Using two standard samples, the correlation between BactoScan^TM and BactoCount^TM was 0.9982, which means the results of total bacterial count measurement of both equipment were equivalent. Therefore, the standard samples manufactured in this study for quality control of total bacterial count using BactoScan^TM and BactoCount^TM in the raw milk could be applied to proficiency tests.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.19 no.12
• /
• pp.145-150
• /
• 2021

In order to continuously perform quarantine in public places, it is not easy to secure manpower, but using self-driving-based robots can solve problems caused by manpower. Self-driving-based quarantine robots can continuously prevent the spread of harmful viruses and diseases in public institutions and hospitals without additional manpower. The location of the autonomous driving function was estimated by applying the Pinnacle filter algorithm, and the UV sterilization system and chlorine dioxide injection system were applied for quarantine. The driving time is more than 3 hours and the position error is 0.5m.Soon, the stop-avoidance function was operated at 95% and the obstacle detection distance was 1.5 m, and the automatic charge recovery was charged by moving to the charging cradle at the remaining 10% of the battery capacity. As a result of quarantine with an unmanned quarantine system, UV sterilization is 99% and chlorine dioxide is sterilized more than 95%, which can contribute to reducing enormous social costs.