• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.87-91
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• 1968

Food and nutritional survey was made on two kinds of milk (one: 30 samples of bottled milk, the others: 30 samples of prepared milk), which are bottled market cow milk in Seoul city to examine the general ingredients, adulteration and degeneration. The results of survey indicated that the bottled milk delivered to home is relatively better than the prepared milk from the view point of food and nutrition. Moreover the quality of the prepared milk is poor because of adulteration through adding water or skim milk powder in order to increase quantity, consequently the prepared milk is under the nutritional standard. However it indicated that some of the bottled milk are rather inferior from the view point of food and nutrition, so certain measure is required for improving the quality of bottled and prepared milk. Most of the bottled milk and the prepared milk containing Coli-form bacteria have a possiblity to harm the citizen's health as a medium of infectious disease, such a fact is really serious problem from the view point of the national health, considering the general trend of milk consumption increase. It is urgent for us to take a scientific inspection on the sanitary management and take a formidable measure in handling of milk.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.275-299
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to provide an opportunity for better understanding and application of 2009 revised elementary school mathematics textbooks through survey data and focus group interview on structures of textbooks. First, We collect online survey results which 2333 elementary school teachers participated. Next, We interview focus group(8 teachers) about shapes of textbooks, quantity of learning contents, activities and problems for evaluation in the mathematics lessons. Storytelling is especially issued in the 2009 revised mathematics curriculum. We intensively discuss learning and teaching methods with application of storytelling textbooks; interests of students, role of storytelling textbooks etc. As results of analysis, the positive rate to use the 2009 revised textbooks is relatively high about shapes and activities of textbooks. But there is more considered about storytelling method. Storytelling may be positive on improvement of learning interests and participation of students. In order to develop these advantages, studies in relation of storytelling are more proceeded and teaching materials for teachers are required effectively in order to applicate to the elementary school.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.27 no.11
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• pp.1083-1094
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• 2018

In this study, we analyzed the characteristics of six waterfront users who are currently being used to select indicators for waterfront development. It can be classified into urban type, inland type and coast type according to the place where waterfront space is located. These waterfront design elements include accessibility, public activity, and waterfront characteristics. Waterfront environment involves selecting the elements for considered and examined these with resepect to the goals of the study. In terms of accessibility to most waterfronts, it is analyzed that users who are located within 30 minutes' distance of walking are most likely to use it. As shown in the satisfaction survey of this study, the unsatisfactory satisfaction of water quality and quantity was found to be low in Unam pond, and the result shows that the overall satisfaction of waterfront space is also low. In the case of Chunggye Chun, the results of the survey on weekdays showed that the office workers, such as the offices located in the surrounding area, were mainly resting places. In the case of Naesungchun, it is possible to select the indicators that can help the direction of the festival as a survey on the users during the festival period. In this study, waterfront location, purpose of use, characteristics, environment, and subdivision are presented as indicators to be considered when developing the waterfront. It is expected that the proposed indicators will be able to determine the direction of development by reflecting characteristics of users.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.295-299
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to compare student's satisfaction with school food service environment to improve the quality of middle school meal service. A survey was conducted of 680 students (boys 246, girls 433) from 6 middle schools providing school meals from October to November 2007. The questionnaires were directly distributed to the subjects for comparison of satisfaction of school meals depending on the eating place. As for the quantity of food, classroom group (3.40) expressed significantly higher satisfaction than cafeteria group (3.16, P < 0.01), but as for the satisfaction on hygiene, classroom group (2.76) showed significantly lower satisfaction than cafeteria group (3.03, P < 0.01). About the satisfaction of school meal environment, classroom group showed more satisfaction on distribution time, eating place, eating atmosphere (P < 0.001). The classroom group showed higher satisfaction than cafeteria group in cases of quantity, diversity of types of soup, dessert, and the cost of school meal. To improve eating place and hygiene of school meal, sufficient cafeteria space and pleasant environment is needed to be established.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.40-50
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• 2015

This study deals with transfer passengers in hub airports. The research objective is to derive measures for transfer passenger quantity enhancement at Incheon International Airport by applying Analytic Hierarchy Process. In pursuing the above objective, this study conducted a survey to evaluate various selection criteria for choosing transfer airports and ranked attributes in weight order with Analytic Hierarchy Process. Furthermore, based on the trend analysis of Incheon International Airport's transfer passenger movement, this paper analysed main transit routes of Incheon International Airports against competitor airports among the region. The main result found from the study is flight frequency, ticket price and connecting hour were the most important 3 factors when people choose transit airports. Therefore, it is recommended government, airport authority and airlines to cooperate closely to meet the transfer passengers' needs on frequency, price and transit hour of flights.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.297-307
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was to estimate salt preference and sodium intake of pregnant women, and identify the relationship between salt preference and sodium intake. Methods: Research design was a cross sectional correlational survey with 197 pregnant women who visited outpatient clinics for antenatal care. The sodium intake levels were estimated by the amounts of sodium intake using the 24-hour recall method and sodium concentration in spot urine. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson's correlation. Results: Sodium intake using 24-hour recall method was $3,504{\pm}1,359mg$. Sodium intake levels had statistically significant differences depending on income. The average amount of sodium in spot urine was $2,882{\pm}878mg/day$. Sodium excretion levels had statistically significant differences depending on whether participants had preexisting hypertension in their family history and Body Mass Index (BMI) pre-conception. Salt preference was $62.61{\pm}20.96$ out of 180 points. Salt preference had significant differences depending on income, parity, gestational age, BMI pre-conception and showed negative correlation with sodium quantity in spot urine. Conclusion: Sodium intake in pregnant women recommended by World Health Organization recommended is 175%. Salt preference was not significantly different between sodium intake levels, however it was negatively correlated with sodium quantity in spot urine among pregnant women.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.478-491
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• 2017

Purpose: This study was conducted to determine whether alcohol drinking patterns (drinking frequency, drinking quantity, binge drinking frequency and risk drinking) were related to obesity and abdominal obesity. Methods: A total of 6,749 adult men from the sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were evaluated. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to determine if obesity and abdominal obesity was associated with alcohol consumption patterns after adjusting for covariates. Results: No relationship was observed between drinking frequency and obesity. The odds ratio vs. nondrinkers for obesity was significantly low for individuals who consumed 5 to 6 drinks per typical occasion and monthly binge drinking. However ${\geq}7$ drinks per typical occasion resulted in a significantly higher odds for obesity relative to nondrinkers. The odds ratio vs. nondrinkers for abdominal obesity was significantly lower in response to monthly binge drinking, whereas ${\geq}10$ drinks per typical occasion and daily binge drinking resulted in significantly higher odds for abdominal obesity. Risk drinking had higher odds for abdominal obesity than non-risk drinking. Conclusion: Although moderate alcohol drinkers have a lower prevalence of obesity and abdominal obesity than nondrinkers, higher drinking quantity and frequent binge drinking are indicators of a higher prevalence of obesity and abdominal obesity in men.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.323-333
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• 2019

In Korea, origin labeling is one of the main issues in the food service sector. Many restaurants presented the incorrect or no origin of the food material, and Korean consumers have kept complaining about it. Even though the origin labeling program was welcomed by consumers, the food service sector has claimed that there is an increasing cost due to the origin labeling program. It is an important issue to determine whether the origin labeling program is good for the social welfare; however, the specific effects of the origin labeling program have rarely been measured. The purpose of this study was to measure the effect of origin labeling of beef in the Korean food service sector. Through survey and model analyses, a few findings are presented. First, Korean consumers showed a positive willingness-to-pay for the origin labeling of beef. Especially, consumers without information on the origin of the beef showed a larger willingness-to-pay for the origin labeling. Second, the origin labeling of beef changed the price and quantity of beef, and this change became larger when the consumers had no information on the origin of the beef. The change in the marketing margin due to the origin labeling program also affected the changes in the price and quantity of the beef. Third, the origin labeling of beef increased the social welfare, which is the sum of the consumer surplus and producer surplus. And this increase of the social welfare became larger when the consumers had no information about the origin.

• Advances in Computational Design
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.179-196
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• 2019

Temporary scaffold systems in the construction site play an important role for ensuring the safety of the workers and for constructing the stable structures. To assemble the scaffold, the pipe scaffolding system, the wedge binding scaffolding system and the particular materials have been utilized. To design the material arrangement of a scaffold, firstly the configuration was determined considering the construction geometry. Then, the strength of the scaffold was confirmed and the quantity of the material was accounted. In this paper, the design method of the temporary scaffold was proposed for intending the semi-automatic procedure. In the proposed design method, the geometric design and the safety requirement were specified by the safety standard and the design flow was followed by the designer's knowledge. The size and the quantities of the materials were calculated by referring to the relation between the scaffold and the constructing structure. In the calculating procedure, three dimensional positions of each scaffold materials were calculated and recorded simultaneously. Then, three dimensional scaffold structural was drawn semi-automatically on the CAD software by using the obtained material sizes, positions and directions. The proposed design method provides us the precise quantities of scaffold materials and enables us to reduce the design effort and the cost estimation processes. In addition, the obtained results can be applied to BIM software after converting to IFC format.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.9
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• pp.121-129
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• 2022

For decades, Vietnam has been concerned about the need to improve human capital to meet the demands of a knowledge-based economy. The analysis of the country's current situation of human resources in terms of structure, quantity, and the quality shows that Vietnam's human resources are under-qualified compared with other countries in Southeast Asia, such as Thailand, Malaysia, and Singapore. This poses significant challenges to the economy because the development of human resources is always an urgent requirement for a new economy with fast growth, like in the Vietnamese economy. To attract foreign investment capital and develop more strongly, human resources in Vietnam must have progressed in both quality and quantity. Therefore, the author conducts this study to find out the factors that directly affect the quality of human resources, thereby evaluating and offering appropriate solutions to improve the quality of current human resources in Vietnam. More specifically, through quantitative analysis and survey with data about 4000 employees in Ho Chi Minh City, the author has discovered that there are four important factors that make the difference in labor quality, which are age, gender, marital status, and education level of the workers.