• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.42-49
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• 2011

QTL analysis for blast resistance was carried out using 140 $BC_3F_3$ lines derived from a cross between Ilpum as a recurrent parent and Moroberekan as a donor parent. 140 $BC_3F_3$ lines with the parents were inoculated with nine blast isolates. To identify QTLs for resistance to nine blast isolates, 134 SSR markers showing polymorphisms between the parents were genotyped for the 140 $BC_3F_3$ lines. A total of 17 resistance QTLs to nine isolates were detected on chromosomes 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9 and 10. The phenotypic variance explained by each QTL ranged from 8.2% to 26.4%. The Moroberekan alleles contributed the positive effect at these 17 QTL loci. In a previous study, the QTL, Pi45(t) for durable resistance to blast was identified using a sequential planting method. To know the relationship between Pi45(t) and the isolate-specific resistance gene, an $F_2$ population was developed from a cross between Ilpum and an introgression line harboring Pi45(t). $F_3$ lines segregating for the Pi45(t) were inoculated to three isolates. $F_3$ lines from the $F_2$ plants with the Moroberekan segment at the target region showed resistance to two isolates. This result seems to indicate that the Pi45(t) and the isolate-specific resistance gene are tightly linked or the resistance is controlled by the same gene(s). The markers linked to genes controlling blast resistance would be useful in developing blast resistance lines in the breeding program.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.165-170
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• 2010

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of three different growth retardants for applying pot or bedding plant with 'Rialto', 'Elodie', and 'Raizan'. Ancymidol, uniconazole, and paclobutrazol were applied as a drench at various concentrations. In Oriental hybrid lily 'Rialto', no changes were observed not only plant height but also leaves and flowers in paclobutrazol treatment. But the growth of plant treated with ancymidol was inhibited above 30% compare to control regardless of concentrations. However, numbers of leaf and flower per plant were similar to those of controls. Plant height was similar to nontreated control in $1mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ uniconazole treatment but that reduced about 30% in drench application of 5 and $10mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ uniconazole. Asiatic hybrid lily 'Elodie' was not different in growth between application of paclobutrazol and nontreatment as 'Rialto'. While, in all ancymidol treatments, plant height was 50~60% shorter than that of control. Also, numbers of leaves were reduced and days to flowering were slightly delayed in $30mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ ancymidol treatment as compared with the control. All traits except plant height of $1mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ uniconazole were similar to control but there were differences of statistical significance between 5, $10mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ uniconazole drench and nontreated control. Lilium ${\times}$ formolongi 'Raizan' like above two cultivars had no dwarf effect on height in paclobutrazol treatment. In drench application of ancymidol, plant height reduced over 60% than that of control regardless of concentrations. Especially, days to flowering were a little delayed with $30mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ paclobutrazol treatment. Plant height of $10mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ uniconazole was about 26% shorter than that of control, but other traits were no differences between uniconazole treatment and control. In result, the drench application of ancymidol and uniconazole was pretty effective for usage as pot lily without great changes of quantitative traits.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.251-262
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• 2010

In order to provide quantitative control of the standard products of Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI), on-board radiometric correction, atmospheric correction, and bio-optical algorithm are obtained continuously by comprehensive and consistent calibration and validation procedures. The calibration/validation for radiometric, atmospheric, and bio-optical data of GOCI uses temperature, salinity, ocean optics, fluorescence, and turbidity data sets from buoy and platform systems, and periodic oceanic environmental data. For calibration and validation of GOCI, we compared radiometric data between in-situ measurement and HyperSAS data installed in the Ieodo ocean research station, and between HyperSAS and SeaWiFS radiance. HyperSAS data were slightly different in in-situ radiance and irradiance, but they did not have spectral shift in absorption bands. Although all radiance bands measured between HyperSAS and SeaWiFS had an average 25% error, the 11% absolute error was relatively lower when atmospheric correction bands were omitted. This error is related to the SeaWiFS standard atmospheric correction process. We have to consider and improve this error rate for calibration and validation of GOCI. A reference target site around Dokdo Island was used for studying calibration and validation of GOCI. In-situ ocean- and bio-optical data were collected during August and October, 2009. Reflectance spectra around Dokdo Island showed optical characteristic of Case-1 Water. Absorption spectra of chlorophyll, suspended matter, and dissolved organic matter also showed their spectral characteristics. MODIS Aqua-derived chlorophyll-a concentration was well correlated with in-situ fluorometer value, which installed in Dokdo buoy. As we strive to solv the problems of radiometric, atmospheric, and bio-optical correction, it is important to be able to progress and improve the future quality of calibration and validation of GOCI.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.323-334
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• 2007

We analyzed the ocean environmental data from water sample and automatic measurement instruments with the Incheon-Jeju passenger ship for 18 times during 4 years from 2001 to 2004. The objectives of this study are to monitor the spatial and temporal variations of ocean environmental parameters in coastal waters of the Yellow Sea using water sample analysis, and to compare and analyze the reliability of automatic measurement sensors for chlorophyll and turbidity using in situ measurements. The chlorophyll concentration showed the ranges between 0.1 to $6.0mg/m^3$. High concentrations occurred in the Gyeonggi Bay through all the cruises. The maximum value of chlorophyll concentration was $16.5mg/m^3$ in this area during September 2004. The absorption coefficients of dissolve organic matter at 400 nm showed below $0.5m^{-1}$ except those in August 2001 During 2002-2003, it did not distinctly change the seasonal variations with the ranges 0.1 to $0.4m^{-1}$. In the case of suspended sediment (SS) concentration, most of the area showed below $20g/m^3$ through all seasons except the Gyeonggi Bay and around Mokpo area. In general SS concentration of autumn and winter season was higher than that of summer. The central area of the Yellow Sea appeared to have lower value $10g/m^3$. The YSI fluorometer for chlorophyll concentration had a very low reliability and turbidity sensor had a $R^2$ value of 0.77 through the 4 times measurements comparing with water sampling method. For the automatic measurement using instruments for chlorphlyll and suspended sediment concentration, McVan and Choses sensor was greater than YSI multisensor. The SeaWiFS SS distribution map was well spatially matched with in situ measurement, however, there was a little difference in quantitative concentration.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.383-397
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• 1999

For sites to be investigated, the results of such an investigation can be used in determining foals for cleanup, quantifying risks, determining acceptable and unacceptable risk, and developing cleanup plans t hat do not cause unnecessary delays in the redevelopment and reuse of the property. To do this, it is essential that an appropriately detailed study of the site be performed to identify the cause, nature, and extent of contamination and the possible threats to the environment or to any people living or working nearby through the analysis of samples of soil and soil gas, groundwater, surface water, and sediment. The migration pathways of contaminants also are examined during this phase. Key aspects of cost-effective site assessment to help standardize and accelerate the evaluation of contaminated soils at sites are to provide a simple step-by-step methodology for environmental science/engineering professionals to calculate risk-based, site-specific soil levels for contaminants in soil. Its use may significantly reduce the time it takes to complete soil investigations and cleanup actions at some sites, as well as improve the consistency of these actions across the nation. To achieve the effective site assessment, it requires the criteria for choosing the type of standard and setting the magnitude of the standard come from different sources, depending on many factors including the nature of the contamination. A general scheme for site-specific assessment consists of sequential Phase I, II, and III, which is defined by workplan and soil screening levels. Phase I are conducted to identify and confirm a site's recognized environmental conditions resulting from past actions. If a Phase 1 identifies potential hazardous substances, a Phase II is usually conducted to confirm the absence, or presence and extent, of contamination. Phase II involve the collection and analysis of samples. And Phase III is to remediate the contaminated soils determined by Phase I and Phase II. However, important factors in determining whether a assessment standard is site-specific and suitable are (1) the spatial extent of the sampling and the size of the sample area; (2) the number of samples taken: (3) the strategy of taking samples: and (4) the way the data are analyzed. Although selected methods are recommended, application of quantitative methods is directed by users having prior training or experience for the dynamic site investigation process.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.26-31
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• 1978

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of nicotine-contaminated mulberry-leaf, which was grown in the vicinity of tobacco drying plant (TDP), on cocoon crop. Mulberry-leaf harvested from the field at Sericultural Experiment Station (SES), Suweon, Korea, was used as control, supposedly nicotine-free leaf. Leaf harvested from the field in the distances of 30-50m, 300-400m and 700-800m from TDP was fed during the whole larval stage of the silkworm at. SES. The effect of leaf in each treatment level on the quantitative characters of the silkworm was summarized as follows; 1. Larval duration from 4th instar on was significantly longer in the TDP-leaf treatments than for the control. 2. Duration of matured silkworm appearance became longer as the distance of the mulberry-field from TDP got shorter, because the larval duration and growth of the silkworm were not uniform in the TDP-leaf treatments. 3. Mortality rates during the late larval, cocoon spinning, and pupal stages were highest for the 30-50m leaf, especially mortality rates during the late larval and pupal stage were serious. 4. Pupation rate was lowest for the 30-50m leaf and those for the 300-400m and the 700-800m leaf were not significantly different from that of the control. 5. Nicotine damage to cocoon weight and cocoon shell weight was significant in each TDP-leaf level. Cocoon shell ratio was reduced at the same extent in each level, compared with the control. 6. The ratio among cocoon-classes was significantly different between treatments, compared with best-cocoon ratio of 87.1% for the control. Cocoons were not uniform for the 30-50m leaf, and those for the 300-400m and the 700-800m leaf were as almost uniform as those for the control. 7. Loss of fresh cocoon yield became greater as the distance of the mulberry-field from the TDP-got shorter. In conclusion, the critical distance of mulberry-field, which influences larval health, cocoon quality and yield, appeared to be 800m from the TDP. Such other factors as wind direction and topographic location may be involved in the critical distance. 8. From the present experiment, we could obtain only the effect of nicotine on the silkworm through digestive system, since the silkworm was raised at SES in Suweon. If the silkworm.. were raised in the vicinity of the TDP, poison effect of nicotine on the silkworm could beo expected through exoskeleton and tracheal system as well as through digestive system.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.18-24
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• 2007

Paddy fields are apparently nonpoint source pollution and influence water environment. In order to improve water quality in rivers or lakes, to low nutrient load from paddy fields are required. To establish comprehensive plan to control agricultural non-point source pollution, it is imperative to get a quantitative evaluation on pollutants and pollution load from paddy fields. A field monitoring study was carried out to investigate the water balance and losses of nutrients from fields in Sumjin river basin. The size of paddy fields was 115 ha and the fields were irrigated from a pumping station. The observed total nitrogen loads from paddy fields were larger than those of the unit loads determined by Ministry of Environment data (MOE). It is because the nitrogen fertilization level at the studied field was higher than the recommended rate and the high irrigation and subsequent drainage amount. On the contrary, total phosphorus loads were less than those addressed by MOE since phosphorus fertilization level was lower than that of standard level. Therefore, it was found that fertilization, irrigation, and drainage management are key factors to determine nutrient losses from paddy fields. When the runoff losses of nutrients were compared to applied chemical fertilizer, it was found that 42 to 60% of nitrogen lost via runoff while runoff losses of phosphorus account for 1.3 to 7.6% of the total applied amount during the entire year.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.29-56
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• 2021

Recently, various types of products have been launched with the rapid growth of the e-commerce market. As a result, many users face information overload problems, which is time-consuming in the purchasing decision-making process. Therefore, the importance of a personalized recommendation service that can provide customized products and services to users is emerging. For example, global companies such as Netflix, Amazon, and Google have introduced personalized recommendation services to support users' purchasing decisions. Accordingly, the user's information search cost can reduce which can positively affect the company's sales increase. The existing personalized recommendation service research applied Collaborative Filtering (CF) technique predicts user preference mainly use quantified information. However, the recommendation performance may have decreased if only use quantitative information. To improve the problems of such existing studies, many studies using reviews to enhance recommendation performance. However, reviews contain factors that hinder purchasing decisions, such as advertising content, false comments, meaningless or irrelevant content. When providing recommendation service uses a review that includes these factors can lead to decrease recommendation performance. Therefore, we proposed a novel recommendation methodology through CNN-based review usefulness score prediction to improve these problems. The results show that the proposed methodology has better prediction performance than the recommendation method considering all existing preference ratings. In addition, the results suggest that can enhance the performance of traditional CF when the information on review usefulness reflects in the personalized recommendation service.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.991-998
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to investigate the image quality of the SE-EPI and SSH-TSE technique for MR DWI. Datum were analyzed for 35 PACS transmission datum(Normal part: 12 males, 13 females, Cerebral Infarction: 10(5males and 5females), and average age 68±7.32), randomly selected patients who underwent MRDWI tests. The equipment used was Ingenia CX 3.0T, SSH_TSE and SE-EPI pulse sequence and 32 Ch. head coil were used for data acquisition. Image evaluation was performed on the paired t-test and Wilcoxon tests, and was considered significant when the p value was 0.05 or less. As a result of quantitative analysis of SNR for DWI images, the mean and standard deviation values of 4 parts (WM, GM, BG, Cerebellum) in ADC (s/mm2), Diffusion b=0, 1000 images were higher in SE-EPI techniques(ADC: 120.50 ± 40, b=0: 54.50 ± 35.91, b=1000: 91.61 ± 36.63) than in SSH-TSE techniques(ADC: 99.69 ± 31.10, b=0: 43.52 ± 25.00 , b=1000: 60.74 ± 24.85)(p<0.05). The CNR values for GM-WM, BG-WM sites were also higher in SE-EPI technique (ADC: 116.08 ± 43.30, b=0:27.23 ± 09.10, b=1000: 78.50 ± 16.56) than in SSH-TSE(ADC: 101.08 ± 36.81, b=0: 23.96 ± 07.79 , b=1000: 74.30 ± 14.22). As a visual evaluation of observers, ghost artifact, magnetic susceptibility artifacts and overall image quality for SE-TSE and SSH-TSE all yielded high results from SSH-TSE techniques(ADC:3.6 ± 0.1, 2.8 ± 0.2, b=0: 4.3 ± 0.3, 3.4 ± 0.1 b=1000: 4.3 ± 0.2, 3.5 ± 0.2, p=0.000). In conclusion, the SE-EPI technique obtained an superiority in SNR and CNR measurements using SSH-TSE, SE-EPI. In the qualitative analysis, the SSH-TSE pulse sequence was obtained a high result according to the pulse sequence characteristics.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.412-419
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• 2009

In order to study the inheritance of watermelon seed size, we used six watermelon lines of different seed sizes as parental lines. Six lines include three accessions, 'PI525088' with giant seed (GS), 'Charleston Gray' with big seed (BS), and 'NT' with normal medium size seed (NS), and three near isogenic lines, 'NTss' with small seed (SS), 'NTms' with micro seed (MS) and 'NTts' with tomato seed size (TS) bred by crosses between accession 'NT' of normal seed size and accession 'TDR' of the smallest seed size,. We inspected $F_1$, $F_2$, $BC_1F_1$ (P1), $BC_1F_1$ (P2) populations from the crosses between the adjacent seed size materials like $GS{\times}BS$, $BS{\times}NS$, $NS{\times}SS$, and $MS{\times}TS$, and two crosses between parental lines showing relatively big difference in seed size such as $GS{\times}TS$ and $NS{\times}TS$. Partial single dominant inheritance patterns were observed between $GS{\times}BS$, $NS{\times}SS$, and $MS{\times}TS$ and inheritance patterns based on two genes or more than two genes were speculated between $BS{\times}NS$. A very wide segregation range was observed from the population of $GS{\times}TS$ indicating many quantitative genes involved in the seed sizes. Overall, we speculated that more than six genes are involved in between the biggest and smallest seed size watermelon and three major genes between the normal seed size and the smallest seed size watermelon.