• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.871-876
• /
• 2014

Objective: Desmogleins (DSGs) are major members among the desmosomal cadherins critically involved in cell-cell adhesion and the maintenance of normal tissue architecture in epithelia. Reports exploring links of DSG family member expression with cancers are few and vary. The aim of this study was to investigate the ratio of DSG2 and DSG3 mRNA expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) tissue to normal tissue (T/N ratio) and evaluate correlations with clinical parameters. Methods: The mRNA expression of DSGs, as well as ${\gamma}$-catenin and desmoplakin, was detected by real-time quantitative RT-PCR in 85 cases of ESCC tissue specimens. Results: The expression level of DSG3 mRNA was significantly higher than that of DSG2 in ESCC specimens (p=0.000). DSG3 mRNA expression highly correlated with histological grade (p=0.009), whereas that of DSG2 did not significantly relate to any clinicopathologic parameter. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that only DSG3 expression had an impact on the survival curve, with negative DSG3 expression indicating worse survival (p=0.038). Multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated DSG3 to be an independent prognostic factor for survival. Furthermore, correlation analysis demonstrated the mRNA level of DSG3 to highly correlate with those of ${\gamma}$-catenin and desmoplakin in ESCC samples (p=0.000), implying that the expression of desmosomal components might be regulated by the same upstream regulatory molecules. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that DSG3 may be involved in the progression of ESCC and serve as a prognostic marker, while expression of DSG2 cannot be used as a predictor of ESCC patient outcome.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제17권7호
• /
• pp.3431-3436
• /
• 2016

Background: Carcinogenesis is a multifaceted intricate cellular mechanism of transformation of the normal functions of a cell into neoplastic alterations. Metastasis may result in failure of conventional treatment and death Hence, research on metastatic suppressors in cancer is a high priority. The metastatic suppressor gene CD82, also known as KAI1, is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily which was first identified in carcinoma of prostate. Little work has been done on this gene in breast cancer. Herein, we aimed to determine the gene and protein level expression of CD82/KAI1 in breast cancer and its role as a prognosticator. Materials and Methods: In this study, 83 histologically proven cases of breast cancer and a similar number of controls were included. Patient age ranged from 18-70 years. Quantitative Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (q-RT PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to investigate KAI1 expression at gene and protein levels, respectively. Statistical analysis was done to correlate expression of KAI1 and clinicopathological parameters. Results: It was revealed that: (i) KAI1 was remarkably diminished in metastatic vs non metastatic breast cancer both at the gene and the protein levels (P < .05); (ii) KAI1 expression levels were strongly correlated with TNM staging, histological grade and advanced stage (p<0.001) and no association was found with any other studied parameter; (iii) Lastly, a significant correlation was observed between expression of KAI1 and overall median survival of BC patients (P = 0.04). Conclusions: Our results suggest that lack of expression of the KAI1 might indicate a more aggressive form of breast cancer. Loss of KAI1 may be considered a significant prognostic marker in predicting metastatic manifestation. When evaluated along with the clinical and pathological factors, KAI1 expression may be beneficial to tailor aggressive therapeutic strategies for such patients.

• 대한한방종양학회지
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.15-37
• /
• 2003

Objective: We are aimed to identify anti-tumor effects of Curcuma longa L. on the stomach cancer cells through molecular biologic methods. Material & Methods: We used AGS as human stomach cancer cells obtained from American Type Culture Collection. The boiled extract of Curcuma longa L. $5{\mu}l$ (Sample I), $10{\mu}l$ (Sample II) was treated to cultural media(ml) for 0, 6, 12, 24, 48 hours. We measured the killing effect on stomach cancer cells through Trypan blue exclusion test and the suppressive effect on viability of stomach cancer cells via MTT assay. For identification of its anticancer mechanism, the revelation of Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, and Bax which are genes related to apoptosis using the quantitative RT-PCR, change of mitochondria membrane permeability and membrane potential via flow cytometry, the cycle of cell mitosis, caspase cleavage and annexin V staining were examined. Results: 1. showed significant killing effect on stomach cancer cell than the control group with a time(6 hours later) and density dependent manner, which was statistical significance. 2. Extract of Curcuma longa L. showed suppressive effect on viability of stomach cancer cells that each test groups had more suppressive effects on viability of stomach cancer cells than the control group with a time(6 hours later), which was statistical significance.(p<0.05) 3. In the test about the revelation of genes related to apoptosis, the revelation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL decreased with a density manner which was statistical significance. but the revelation of Bax was not changed with statistical significance. 4. Extract of Curcuma longa L. caused apoptosis by decreasing the absorbance of mitochondria with statistical significance, and also induced apoptosis by decreasing the membrane potential of mitochondria. 5. Extract of Curcuma longa L. destructed the cell cycle of cell mitosos. 6. Cell apoptosis was induced by extract of Curcuma longa L. certificated by method of caspase cleavage and annexin V staining. Conclusion: This experiment showed that Curcuma longa L. has anti-tumor effect with statistical significance. This is in vitro experiment and basic experiment on Curcuma longa L.. We hope more progressive research on Curcuma longa L. will go on and its anti-tumor effects will be more practically identified.

• 대한본초학회지
• /
• 제31권4호
• /
• pp.101-109
• /
• 2016

Objectives : HT070 is a mixture of herbal extracts from root of Scutellaria baicalensis and stem bark of Eleutherococcus senticosus , which have long been used for stroke therapy in traditional Korean Medicine. The purpose of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of HT070 on global cerebral ischemia and its potential mechanisms.Methods : Transient global cerebral ischemia was produced by 10 min of four-vessel occlusion (4-VO) in male Wistar rats. HT070 was administered orally at a dosage of 200 mg/kg twice at 0 and 90 min after reperfusion. Hippocampal neuronal damage was measured 7 days after reperfusion. To explore the potential mechanisms, we used hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-induced rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells as an in vitro model. PC12 cells were pretreated with HT070 for 1 h and then exposed to 100 μM H₂O₂ for 6 h in the presence of HT070. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay and the mRNA expression of Bax, Bcl-2, iNOS and COX-2 were measured by quantitative RT-PCR.Results : Oral administration of HT070 at a dose of 200 mg/kg significantly reduced neuronal death in the hippocampal CA1 region by 13.4% as compared to the vehicle-treated group. HT070 increased cell viability, reversed the down-regulated Bcl-2 mRNA level, and suppressed the up-regulated mRNA expressions of Bax, iNOS, and COX-2 in H₂O₂-treated PC12 cells.Conclusions : HT070 protects against delayed neuronal death after global cerebral ischemia and its neuroprotection properties might be attributed to the inhibition of mitochondrial apoptosis and ROS-generating enzymes.

• 대한한방내과학회지
• /
• 제27권2호
• /
• pp.379-393
• /
• 2006

Objectives: We are aimed to identify anti-tumor effects of Curcuma aromatics on some kinds of cancer cells through molecular biologic methods. Materials & Methods: We used 4 kinds of cancer cell lines such as lung cancer cells(AS49), cervical cancer cells(HeLa), glioma cancer cells(A172) and prostate cancer cells(PC3). We treated the boiled extract of Curcuma aromatica $5{\mu}g,\;10{\mu}g$ to cultural media(ml) for 24 hours. We measured the cytotoxicitv on 4 kinds of cancer cells through tryphan blue exclusion test and the suppressive effect on viability of 4 kinds of cancer cells via MTT assay. We measured change of mitochondria membrane potential via flow cytometry. The quantitative RT-PCR was used to examine the effect on the revelation of Bcl-2 and Bax which are genes related to apoptosis. We examined the effect on the revelation of Bcl-2 Protein and Bar protein by western blot analysis. Results : In the experiment of tryphan blue exclusion test, the extract of Curcuma aromatica showed more significant killing effect on AS49, HeLa than the control group with density dependent manner, which was statistically significant. In the experiment of MTT assay the extract of Curcuma aromatica showed more suppressive effect on viability of A549, HeLa than the control group with density dependent manner, which was statistically significant. Curcuma aromatica induced apoptosis by decreasing the membrane potential of mitochondria in A549, HeLa. In the experiment of the revelation of genes related to apoptosis, the revelation of Bcl-2 decreased and the revelation of Bax increased in A549, HeLa treated with Curcuma aromatica with dose dependent manner. In the experiment of the revelation of protein related to apoptosis, the protein levels of Bcl-2 decreased and the protein levels of Bax increased in AS49, HeLa treated with Curcuma aromatica with dose dependent manner. Conclusions: From this study, we can infer that Curcuma aromatica has anti-tumor effect on lung cancer cells and uterine carcinoma cells but not on glioma cells and prostate cancer cells.

• 대한한방내과학회지
• /
• 제27권2호
• /
• pp.429-443
• /
• 2006

Objectives : The Purpose of this study was to identify anti-tumor effects of Curcuma longa L. on some kinds of cancer cells through molecular biologic methods. Materials & Methods : We used 4 kinds of cancer cell lines such as glioma cells(A172), cervical cancer cells(HeLa), Prostate cancer cells(PC3), lung cancer cells(A549). We injected the boiled extract of Curcuma longa L. $5{\mu}g,\;10{\mu}g$ to culture media(ml) for 24 hours. We measured the cytotoxic effect on 4 kinds of cancer cells through trypan blue exclusion test and the suppressive effect on viability of 4 kinds of cancer cells via MTT assay. We measured the change of mitochondria membrane potential via flow cytometry. The quantitative RT-PCR was used to examine the effect on the revelation of Bcl-2 and Bax which genes are related to apoptosis. We examined the effect on the revelation of Bcl-2 protein and Bax protein by western blot analysis. Results: 1. Extract of Curcuma longa L. showed significant cytotoxic effect on A172, HeLa, PC3 compared to the control group with density dependent manner. 2. Extract of Curcuma longs L. showed significant suppressive effect on viability of A172, HeLa, PC3 compared to the control group with density dependent manner. 3. Curcuma longs L. induced apoptosis by decreasing the membrane potential of mitochondria in A172, HeLa, PC3. 4. In the test about the revelation of genes related to apoptosis, the revelation of Bcl-2 decreased and the revelation of Bax increased in A172. HeLa, PC3 treated with Curcuma longa L. with density dependent manner. 5. In the test about the revelation of protein related to apoptosis, the protein levels of Bcl-2 decreased and the protein levels of Bax increased in A172, HeLa, PC3 treated with Curcuma longa L. Conclusions: This experiment shewed that Curcuma longs L. has anti-tumor effect on glioma, cervical, Prostate cancer cells except on lung cancer. We hope that anti-tumor effects of Curcuma longa L. will be more Practically identified.

• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.485-491
• /
• 2013

본 연구에서는 피로 회복 또는 원기 회복에 효능이 있는 것으로 알려진 홍경천과 홍삼을 이용하여 홍경천-홍삼 복합 발효물의 산화적 손상 억제 효과를 평가하고자 $H_2O_2$로 산화적 스트레스를 유도시킨 C2C12 근육세포에 홍경천-홍삼 복합 발효물의 처리한 후, 세포의 morphology, cell viability 및 항산화 효소들의 유전자 발현 양상을 비교, 분석하였다. 홍경천-홍삼 복합 발효물은 C2C12 근육세포의 cell viability를 유의적으로 증가시켰으며, Cu/Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD 및 GPx 등과 같은 세포내 항산화 효소의 발현을 증가시킬 뿐만 아니라, 근육세포 분화의 주요 전사인자인 Myo D의 발현 또한 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과로, 홍경천-홍삼 복합 발효물은 세포내 항산화 효소 시스템을 증가시켜 외부로부터의 산화적 손상에 대한 방어효능을 갖는 것으로 나타났으며, 향후 in vivo 시스템 이용한 추가적인 연구가 수행된다면, 홍경천-홍삼 복합 발효물을 이용한 항피로 건강기능식품의 소재개발이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제56권3호
• /
• pp.183-191
• /
• 2011

열대작물인 자트로파의 염과 가뭄 스트레스에 따른 생리적 반응과 유전자 발현의 연구를 통해 바이오에너지 작물로서의 기초적 자료를 얻고자 본 실험을 수행하였다. 1. $100{\cdot}200{\cdot}300$ mM NaCl의 염 스트레스와 $5{\cdot}10{\cdot}20{\cdot}30$% PEG의 가뭄 스트레스를 처리하여 잎의 생장, 기공의 전도도, 엽록소 형광, 전해질 유출량을 조사하였다. 자트로파의 잎의 생장, 기공의 전도도, 엽록소 형광, 전해질 유출량을 통한 생육조사 결과 가뭄 스트레스 보다 염 스트레스에서 더 많은 피해를 입었다. 2. 수분 수송과 관련된 아쿠아포린 중에서 JcPIP2가 뿌리, 줄기, 떡잎 그리고 잎에서 모두 고르게 발현하고 있음을 확인하였다. 잎의 JcPIP2는 대조구와 가뭄 스트레스 처리구에서 모두 발현하는 반면, 200 300 mM NaCl 처리구에서는 잎에서 발현하지 않았다. 3. 염과 가뭄 스트레스에서 JcPIP2가 상반되는 반응을 보이는 것은 JcPIP2가 염 스트레스 관련 주요 내재 단백질과 같은 기능을 하는 것으로 판단된다. 4. 자트로파는 염 스트레스보다 가뭄 스트레스에 더 내성을 보이므로 간척지보다는 가뭄지역에서 재배하는 것이 더 유리할 것으로 보인다.

• 한국가축번식학회지
• /
• 제27권2호
• /
• pp.169-177
• /
• 2003

본 연구는 착상전 이배체 단위발생 돼지난자를 체외 배양시 우태아혈청 (FBS), 우혈청 알부민 (BSA) 및 상피세포성장인자 (EGF)를 배양액에 첨가하였을 때 배반포, 총 세포수, 세포사멸 및 세포사멸에 관여하는 유전자의 발현을 조사하고자 수행하였다. 0.4% BSA를 배양액에 첨가하였을 때 2세포기 단위발생 난자의 배반포까지의 발달율이 증가되었다(P<0.01). FBS는 배반포의 총세포수를 감소시 켰고 세포사멸을 증가하였다(P<0.01). 그리고 EGF는 BSA가 존재하는 조건하에서 배반포의 총세포수를 증가하였는데 EGF와 BSA가 각각 단독으로 존재할 때는 이런 작용이 없었다. 세포사멸도 이와 이슷한 경향을 보였는데 EGF와 BSA가 각각 존재할 때에는 비처리군과 차이가 없었지만 함께 존재할 때에는 세포사멸을 감소시켰다. RT-PCR의 결과에 의하면 EGF는 BSA가 존재하는 배양액에서 Bcl-xL 유전자의 상대적 발현량을 증가시키고 Bak 유전자의 상대적 발현량에는 영향을 주지 않는 과정을 통하여 세포사멸을 감소시키는것 같다. 반면에 FBS는 Bcl-xL의 발현량을 감소시키고 Bak 유전자의 상대적 발현량을 증가시킨다. 이러한 결과는 세포사멸에 관여하는 유전자의 발현은 배양액의 첨가물에 따라 유의적으로 영향을 받으며, 체외배양시 배아의 초기발달에 관여함을 시사한다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
• /
• 제29권4호
• /
• pp.337-343
• /
• 2002

Objectives: To investigate the distribution of $ER{\alpha}$, $ER{\beta}$, c-fos and c-jun in the uterine myoma and myometrium in oder to know how the tamoxifen cause the growth of myoma. Methods: Myoma and myometrial tissue were obtained from the postmenopausal women treated with tamoxifen in the patients with breast cancer and in the premenopausal patients, who were undergoing myoma of uterus from 1998 through 2000. The espression of each gene was quantitated with quantitative RT-PCR. Results: The expression of $ER{\alpha}$ was slightly increased in the myoma than the myometrium in the proliferative phase, and was slightly decreased in the myometrium than the myoma in the secretory phase. However it was not significant statistically. In the postmemopausal women treated with tamoxifen, $ER{\alpha}$ was expressed in all myoma and myome1rial tissues and the expression was not statistically significant. The expression ofER~ was slightly increased in the myome1rium than the leiomyoma in the proliferative and secretory phase, but it was not significant statistically. In the postmemopausal women treated with tamoxifen, the expression of ER~ was significantly incresed in the myome1rium than the leiomyoma. The expression of c-fos was significantly increased in the myome1rium than the leiomyoma in the proliferative and secretory phase. In the postmemopausal women treated with tamoxifen, the expression of c-fos was slightly increased in the leiomyoma than the myomelrium, however, it was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Tamoxifen may cause the growth of leiomyoma by $ER{\alpha}$ with AP-l pathway reducing the counteraction of 6$ER{\beta}$ to $ER{\alpha}$.