• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.36
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• pp.39-69
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• 1998

The study is to grope for the unified device of the women's welfare policy in the United Korea by considering and comparing with the women's welfare in South Korea and North Korea centering on the women's welfare law and system among the social security laws and systems in the present both countries. The both Koreas have enforced the different women's welfare policies according to the different ideologies and constitutions. But in the welfare policy women are in the secondary stage by means of the ideology of sexual devision. It, therefore, is clear that the position of the North Korean woman goes in advance of the South Korean woman in the law and system. However, they are similar to the North Korean women in the aspects of the application of law and system. That is, both of them are discriminated not only in home and labor participation, but also in social welfare. There are the patriarchal family system and sexual devision of labor under the discrimination against woman. As though the both sexes are equal in law, the welfare law and system are applicated unequally to woman because of the ideology of sexual devision and familism which family should take the primary responsibility of welfare. From this perspective the women's welfare policy of the United Korea is not just to unify both laws and systems related women's welfare, but to search for the convergence on the higher level of quality and to make the real gender-equal society. The study suggests as the women's welfare the spread of the application of social welfare system, and social security network constructed through the mother protection policy, women's poverty and social security on basis of the primary principles such as the gender equal right as civil right, benefits of social welfare as social right, escape from the patriarchal familism, strengthening of resposibility of state and the principle of women participation in process of social welfare management. The device of women's welfare means building the social welfare system based on the real gender equality, so the unification will be the important turning point for the gender-equal society to the South-North Korean women.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.115-121
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• 2014

Purpose: In addition to improving the quality of the PET image, through much research, the development of various programs are performed. Astonish TF reconstruction techniques by Philips can confirm the improved contrast of the lesion. Also, It's image reconstruction of 2 mm is possible with rapid reconstruction rate than conventional. In this study, we compared and evaluated Standardized Uptake Value (SUV) in accordance with the 2 mm reconstruction techniques and traditional 4 mm from the $^{18}F-FDG$ PET whole body image. Materials and Methods: In the phantom experiment, NEMA IEC body phantom (sphere: 10, 13, 17, 22, 28, 37 mm) was used to obtain images by using GEMINI TF 64 PET/CT (Philips, Cleveland, USA). Also, In the clinical images, we performed $^{18}F-FDG$ PET/CT examination to 30 women (age: $55.1{\pm}11.3$, BMI: $24.1{\pm}2.9$) with a diagnosis of breast cancer. After that, we reconstructed images in 2 mm and 4 mm respectively. The region of interest was drawn to acquired images. Since then, we measured SUV and statistically analyzed with SPSS ver.18 by using EBW (Extended Brilliance Workstation) NM ver.1.0. Results: After analyzing the result of the phantom study, there was a tendency that the bigger hot sphere size, the higher SUV. If you compared the 2 mm reconstruction techniques to 4 mm, it increased 95.78% in 10 mm, 50.60% in 13 mm, 25.00% in 17 mm, 30.04% in 22 mm, 31.81% in 28 mm, and 27.84% in 37 mm. Through the result of the analysis of the 2 mm reconstruction techniques and 4 mm in clinical images, it appeared that SUV of 2 mm was higher than that of 4 mm. Also the smaller the volume was, the more the change rate increased. Conclusion: After analyzing the result of the clinical picture and phantom experiments applied by Astonish TF reconstruction techniques, as the size of the volume was small, the change rate of the SUV increased. Therefore, it was necessary to further research about the SUV correction for accurate and active utilization of 2 mm reconstruction techniques which had excellent lesion discrimination ability and contrast in clinic.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.742-748
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• 2009

In the meat industry, correct breed information in food labeling is required to assure meat quality. Genetic markers provide corroborating evidence to identify breed. We described the development of DNA markers to discriminate between Korean beef cattle (Hanwoo), Holstein, and mixed cow beefs. As most breeds are standardized for coat colour, the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) gene, involved in the regulation of eu/pheomelanins synthesis, has been suggested as marker for breed traceability of products of animal origin. We also designed sex-determining region Y (SRY) gene specific primers for Y chromosome detection. In this study, fragments of MC1R gene and SRY gene were amplified by multiplex-PCR and subjected to digestion by MspA1I restriction endonuclease. Reaction products were analysised by denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC). As a result, we identified 6 DHPLC peak types from MC1R gene and SRY gene analysis. DHPLC method showed more sensitive than RFLP method for DNA fragments analysis. Therefore, DHPLC method can apply to identify for Hanwoo, Holstein and mixed beef.

• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.77-88
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• 2004

It was 1988 when people pay attention to an importance of the facilities for the handicapped, with Seoul Paralympics. In early 1990s, regular efforts were made to improve a physical environment for the handicapped, which results in reforming the Welfare Law for the Handicapped all over the surface. However, keeping pace with the expansion of the western universal design concept, it is required to evaluate a new concept in which way the facilities for the handicapped must be installed. That is, any physical environment, which regards the handicapped as an independent subject, tend to isolate them from normal people rather than satisfy their needs. making the handicapped feel more discriminated. All the facilities for the handicapped has to reflect a general idea that the facilities are opened for all the people including the handicapped. Being recently reformed and enacted in order to reflect this essential point, 'the raw of contributing to the convenience of the handicapped, aged men, pregnant women and nursing mother(1998)' even covers the aged men, pregnant women and nursing mother, not to mention of the handicapped. In addition, the law states clearly that all the handicapped can share all the facilities with the normal people, inducing the handicapped to more actively participate in society. Consequently, the handicapped are acquiring their rights by directly demanding for correction of varied discrimination. Though even more facilities have been provided, most of them are deficient in the quality, setting limits to the handicapped person's living field as well as social activities. Especially, most public buildings in our country rarely provide the adequate facilities for the handicapped, aged men, pregnant women and nursing mother. Therefore, this study is focused on developing the list of actual condition research that can effectively detect the inadequacy of facilities in public buildings. Then it will find the aspects to be improved in a systematic and scientific way to propose a practical method to improve the facilities in public buildings.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.86-96
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• 2006

Ecoclimap-1, a new complete surface parameter global database at a 1-km resolution, was previously presented. It is intended to be used to initialize the soil-vegetation- atmosphere transfer schemes in meteorological and climate models. Surface parameters in the Ecoclimap-1 database are provided in the form of a per-class value by an ecoclimatic base map from a simple merging of land cover and climate maps. The principal objective of this ecoclimatic map is to consider intra-class variability of life cycle that the usual land cover map cannot describe. Although the ecoclimatic map considering land cover and climate is used, the intra-class variability was still too high inside some classes. In this study, a new strategy is defined; the idea is to use the information contained in S10 NDVI SPOT/VEGETATION profiles to split a land cover into more homogeneous sub-classes. This utilizes an intra-class unsupervised sub-clustering methodology instead of simple merging. This study was performed to provide a new ecolimatic map over Northeast Asia in the framework of Ecoclimap-2 global database construction for surface parameters. We used the University of Maryland's 1km Global Land Cover Database (UMD) and a climate map to determine the initial number of clusters for intra-class sub-clustering. An unsupervised classification process using six years of NDVI profiles allows the discrimination of different behavior for each land cover class. We checked the spatial coherence of the classes and, if necessary, carried out an aggregation step of the clusters having a similar NDVI time series profile. From the mapping system, 29 ecosystems resulted for the study area. In terms of climate-related studies, this new ecosystem map may be useful as a base map to construct an Ecoclimap-2 database and to improve the surface climatology quality in the climate model.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.138-143
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• 2011

This study analyzed the maltol quality, composition ratio of fatty acids, and contents of phenolic compounds in white ginseng extracts(four types), red ginseng extracts(five types), black ginseng extracts(two types), and Chinese ginseng extracts(nine types). By examining patterns in these measurements, we determined the characteristic factors of the extracts and measured the possibility of qualitative analysis. In the analysis of maltol using TLC, white ginseng extracts were not detected while red and black ginseng extracts were detected, so the possibility of detection was considered as a characteristic factor for qualitative analysis. Regarding the composition of fatty acids, palmitic and linoleic acids were the main fatty acids in the ginseng extracts palmitic acid was high in white ginseng extracts while linoleic was low in red ginseng extracts. Regarding the ratio(Pal/Lin) of the two fatty acids, there was a large difference between white ginseng extracts(56.7~64.3%) and red ginseng extracts(32.0~38.5%), and these figures seemed to be characteristic factors for the analysis. For the phenolic compounds, extracts contained maltol, caffeic acid, syringic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, and cinnamic acid. White ginseng extracts contained similar percentages of phenolic compounds while red ginseng extracts had high maltol content. According to the measurement results of the percentages of maltol and cinnamic acid, white ginseng extracts showed values below five, whereas red and black ginseng extracts showed 53~289, which was also a characteristic factor for qualitative analysis. Consequently, we found that we can differentiate between ginseng extracts using characteristic factors that we analyzed in an experiment on white ginseng extracts from China.

• 한국노년학
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.745-766
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine the research trends regarding the published articles in the Journal of Korean Gerongological Society within the past 10 years. This study is based on the article written by Won and Mo (2008). This article classified previously published studies into themes, methods, and application of theory. Out of the total of 187 articles published in the past 10 years, 11 articles were about social change and institution, 94 articles were about social issues, 12 articles were about social problems and deviation, 42 articles were about social culture, 14 papers were about gerontological theory and 13 papers were about residence/architecture. In the last 10 years, the most popular topic was around the various ways aging. New topic that emerged was the effect of IT and technology on the quality of life among the older adults. Other topics that gained interest were age discrimination and prejudice on aging. Trends in research methods showed increased use of qualitative methods. In the future, more research needs to be completed to theorize the results of quantitative research. Furthermore, the use of qualitative research methods needs to be increased in order to understand the lives of older adults in depth. Through more meta analysis, the results of past research articles should be synthesized to get a bigger picture of the Korean older adults.

• 한국노년학
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.905-926
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• 2016

Although the concept of the elderly varies depending on scholars and laws, as consumption expenditure is deeply associated with income due to the nature of this study, 55 years old was set as the low limit standard for the elderly according to Prohibition of Discrimination on Age in Employment and Employment Promotion for the Aged Act and the elderly households were limited to single-elderly person household and an elderly couple family household for this study. It is considered consumption characteristics as a significant analysis subject in terms of social welfare because it could be understood as an expressed need which was a reflection of desire. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the consumption characteristics of the elderly households by stereotyping the consumption pattern of the elderly households, and find the determining factors for consumption patterns and thus contribute to the establishment of related policies through the expressed needs of the elderly households. K-means of cluster analysis was performed by putting the consumption expenditure of the elderly households to investigate inherent structural type of consumption pattern of the elderly households, which were the investigation subjects. As a result, four groups were stereotyped and named as below: 'health care-centered type', 'saving-centered type', 'livelihood-centered type', and 'food expenses-centered type' Binary Logistic Regression analysis was used to identify the factors that influence the decision of consumption pattern of the elderly households. The result of study showed that the elderly households faced all different needs and problems and thus there is a need for various approach plans to solve this situation. In particular, although the elderly have been viewed as economically poor people so far, the study showed that there were also kind of prepared households through saving. Overall, livelihoodcentered type accounted for the highest portion and, as a factor that influenced this, marital state and household income played an important role. Therefore, it is considered that more active efforts to increase the income of the elderly households are needed. In addition, age, owning of house and subjective health state were found to also have significant influence. Through these results of the study, the elderly's own improvement of awareness on health, presentation of overall standard for health state of the elderly, securement of the elderly's access to cultural life, and financial management coordination for improvement of quality of life, development and dissemination of jobs suitable for the elderly, and dissemination of communal life household, which is a cooperation residential type, were presented as institutional task in the conclusion.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.5-13
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• 2011

This study provides analysis of the effectiveness of domestic marketing strategies of the Korean coffee shop "Caffe Bene". It bases its evaluation on statistical outputs of 'choice attributes,' "market segmentation," demographic characteristics," and "satisfaction differences." The results are summarized in four points. First, five choice attributes were extracted from factor analysis: price, atmosphere, comfort, taste, and location; these are related to coffee shop selection behavior. Based on these five factors, cluster analysis was conducted, with statistical results classifying customers into three major groups: atmosphere oriented; comfort oriented; and taste oriented. Second, discriminant analysis tested cluster analysis and showed two discriminant functions: location and atmosphere. Third, cross-tabulation analysis based on demographic characteristics showed distinctive demographic characteristics within the three groups. Atmosphere oriented group, early-20s, as women of all ages was found to be 'walking down the street 'and 'through acquaintances' in many cases, as the cognitive path, and mostly found the store through 'outdoor advertising', and 'introduction'. Comfort oriented group was mainly women who are students in their early twenties or professionals, and appeared as a group to be very loyal because of high recommendation to other customers compared to other groups. Taste oriented group, unlike the other group, was mainly late-20s' college graduates, and was confirmed, as low loyalty, with lower recommendation activity. Fourth, to analyze satisfaction differences, one-way ANOVA was conducted. It shows that groups which show high satisfaction in the five main factors also show high menu satisfaction and high overall satisfaction. This results show that segmented marketing strategies are necessary because customers are considering price, atmosphere, comfort, taste, location when they choose coffee shop and demographics show different attributes based on segmented groups. For example, atmosphere oriented group is satisfied with shop interior and comfort while dissatisfied with price because most of the customers in this group are early 20s and do not have great financial capability. Thus, price discounting marketing strategies based on individual situations through CRM system is critical. Comfort oriented group shows high satisfaction level about location and shop comfort. Also, in this group, there are many early 20s female customers, students, and self-employed people. This group customers show high word of mouth tendency, hence providing positive brand image to the customers would be important. In case of taste oriented group, while the scores of taste and location are high, word of mouth score is low. This group is mainly composed of educated and professional many late 20s customers, therefore, menu differentiation, increasing quality of coffee taste and price discrimination is critical to increase customers' satisfaction. However, it is hard to generalize the results of study to other coffee shop brand, because this study have researched only one domestic coffee shop, Caffe Bene. Thus if future study expand the scope of locations, brands, and occupations, the results of the study would provide more generalizable results. Finally, research of customer satisfactions of menu, trust, loyalty, and switching cost would be critical in the future study.