• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.157-181
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• 2020

Sediments from rivers, lakes and marine ports serve as end points for pollutants discharged into the water, and at the same time serve as sources of pollutants that are continuously released into the water. Until now, the contaminated sediments have been landfilled or dumped at sea. Landfilling, however, was expensive and dumping at sea was completely banned due to the London Convention. Therefore, this study applied contaminated sedimentation soil of 'Royal Palace Livestock Complex' as soil purification method. Soil remediation methods were applied to pretreatment, composting, soil washing, electrokinetics, and thermal desorption by selecting overseas application cases and domestically applicable application technologies. As a result of surveying the site for pollutant characteristics, Disolved Oxigen (DO), Suspended Solid (SS), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Nitrogen (TN), and Total Phosphorus (TP) exceeded the discharged water quality standard, and especially SS, COD, TN, and TP exceeded the standard several tens to several hundred times. Soil showed high concentrations of copper and zinc, which promote the growth of pig feed, and cadmium exceeded 1 standard of Soil Environment Conservation Act. In the pretreatment technology, hydrocyclone was used for particle size separation, and the fine soil was separated by more than 80%. Composting was performed on organic and Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) contaminated soils. TPH was treated within the standard of concern, and E. coli was analyzed to be high in organic matter, and the fertilizer specification was satisfied by applying the optimum composting conditions at 70℃, but the organic matter content was lower than the fertilizer specification. As a result of continuous washing test, Cd has 5 levels of residual material in fine soil. Cu and Zn were mostly composed of ion exchange properties (stage 1), carbonates (stage 2), and iron / manganese oxides (stage 3), which facilitate easy separation of contamination. As a result of applying acid dissolution and multi-stage washing step by step, hydrochloric acid, 1.0M, 1: 3, 200rpm, 60min was analyzed as the optimal washing factor. Most of the contaminated sediments were found to satisfy the Soil Environmental Conservation Act's standards. Therefore, as a result of the applicability test of this study, soil with high heavy metal contamination was used as aggregate by applying soil cleaning after pre-treatment. It was possible to verify that it was efficient to use organic and oil-contaminated soil as compost Maturity after exterminating contaminants and E. coli by applying composting.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.220-226
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• 1994

This study was performed to evaluate the clinical applicability of the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR ) kit of HCV-RNA using biotinylated and radioiodinated primers. Study subjects were 118 patients with positive anti-HCV. HCV-RNA in patient's serum was extracted by guanidium thiocyanate method. After first amplification, the product was reamplified by primers labelled with biotin and I-125. The final amplification product was defected by counting the radioactivity after incubation in avidin coated tubes. In 51 samples, the test was repeated for evaluation of reproducibility. This new method was also compared with conventional RT-PCR methods in 34 samples from patients with chronic liver disease. The results were as follows ; 1) HCV-RNA was positive in 85(97%)of 88 patients with chronic liver disease, and in 23 (73%) of 30 patients with normal liver function. 2) In comparison with conventional method, HCV-RNA was detected in 32(94%) of 34 patients with new method, whereas in 27(79%) of the same group with conventional method. 3) Repeated test with new method in 52 samples demonstrated 82% of concordant result. In conclusion, new method with biotinylated and radioiodinated primers was more sensitive than conventional method. However, great care must be taken for quality control because there were considerable interassay variation and possiblity of false positivity and false negativity.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.1001-1024
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• 2014

The purpose of the study is to explore the experiences and meaning of the AP (Advanced Placement) at the specialized school for the highly gifted through the in-depth interview with 39 college students who had graduated from the specialized schools with the AP experiences. It is expected that the AP will be expanded to the students at the Science High Schools from the year of 2015, however, there has been no study to examine the realities of the AP in-depth especially through the voices of the AP participants. Students have taken 8 required and/or selective courses as AP in average. Students usually start to take AP from the second year of the specialized school for the highly gifted, but some start from the first year through the placement test. Numbers of available AP courses vary by subjects, but relatively more courses open in the areas of math and physics. Students' opinions regarding the AP were quite positive. Specifically, the high quality of the AP class and energetic interaction between student and teacher compared to the college classes were preferred by the students. However, it was controversial whether C+ is enough for the pass condition of the AP. Students were using the shortened time by AP in diverse ways, such as early graduation, double majors, exchange students, individual researches, and so on. Most of all, they tried to search for their career interests through the AP experiences. In closing, the present study provides some advices and future directions for the better AP management, including the improvement of administrative system between schools for the gifted and the universities, and the expansion of the number of university which approves the AP system.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.428-434
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• 2005

For the purpose to verify the grain and evaluate milling properties of Korean waxy wheat, com­parison analysis between waxy wheat lines and their respective maternal parents were performed. The waxy lines showed various grain yields of 4.76${\~}$5.79 t/ha depending on parentages, which were corresponding to $80{\~}96\%$ levels of their respective maternal parents. One thousand grain weights of waxy lines were also lighter than its respective part in its parentage by exhibiting 32.8${\~}$34.6 g compared to 32.9${\~}$45.2 g of their parents. Test weights of waxy lines and their parents were 720${\~}$798 g/l and 786${\~}$797 g/l, respectively. The proportions of the grains above 2.5 mm in width were higher in order of Keumgang, Olgeuru, Geuru, SW97134, Suwon 292, Woori, SW97105, and SW97110. Waxy lines exhibited low milling properties by showing the straight flour yields ranging from $61.8\%$ to $67.1\%$ compared with the yields of their parents ranging from $66.1\%$ to $72.5\%$; the waxy lines were significantly lower in first break flour (Bl) and first reduction flour (Rl) yields in the Buller test mill, while significantly higher in the yields of second and third reduction flour (R2 and R3) than the respective ones of their parent wheat.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.169-180
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was to identify the death recognition, meaning in life, and death attitude of participants in the death education program. Methods: A survey was conducted, and 205 data were collected. Descriptive statistics, ${\chi}^2$-test, ANOVA, and Duncan test were used. Results: 1) The followings were the characteristics of death recognition shown by the participants. Over half of the participants said that they had given some thoughts on their deaths, that they had agreeable view on death acceptance, and that diseases and volunteer works made them think about their deaths. Moreover, suffering, parting with family and concerns for them, etc. were the most common reasons for the difficulty of accepting death. As for 'the person whom I discuss my death with', spouse, friend, and son/daughter were the most chosen in this order. Lastly, the funeral type that most of the participants desired was cremation. 2) The means of meaning in life and death attitude were $2.92{\pm}0.29$ and $2.47{\pm}0.25$, respectively. There were significant differences between health status, meaning in life and death attitude. 3) A significant positive corelationship was found between meaning in life and death attitude (r=0.190, P=0.001). Conclusion: For an effective death education program that would fit each individual's situation, an educational content that can make a person understand the meaning of his or her life and death, includes knowledge to lessen the fear and anxiety of death, and helps a person heal from the loss of a family member is absolutely necessary.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.349-354
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• 2004

Stress-susceptible pigs have been known as the porcine stress syndrome (PSS), swine PSS, also known as malignant hyperthermia (MH), is characterized as sudden death and production of poor meat quality such as PSE (pale, soft and exudative) meat after slaughtering. PSS and PSE meat cause major economic losses in the pig industry. A point mutation in the gene coding for the ryanodine receptor (RYR1) in porcine skeletal muscle, also known calcium (Ca$^{2+}$) release channel, has been associated with swine PSS and halothane sensitivity. We used the PCR-RFLP(restriction fragment length polymorphism) and PCR-SSCP (single strand conformation polymorphism) methods to detect the PSS gene mutation (C1843T) in the RYR1 gene and to estimate genotype frequencies of PSS gene in Korean pig breed populations. In PCR-RFLP and SSCP analyses, three genotypes of homozygous normal (N/M), heterozygous carrier (N/n) and homozygous recessive mutant (n/n) were detected using agarose or polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, respectively. The proportions of normal, carrier and PSS pigs were 57.1, 35.7 and 7.1％ for Landrace, 82.5, 15.8 and 1.7％ far L. Yorkshire, 95.2, 4.8 and 0.0％ for Duroc and 72.0, 22.7 and 5.3％ for Crossbreed. Consequently, DNA-based diagnosis for the identification of stress-susceptible pigs of PSS and pigs producing PSE meat is a powerful technique. Especially, PCR-SSCP method may be useful as a rapid, sensitive and inexpensive test for the large-scale screening of PSS genotypes and pigs with PSE meat in the pork industry.y.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.91-98
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• 2007

The aim of this study was to examine the difference of the depth of sedation using the Bispectral index assessment with and without the added submucosal Midazolam to oral Chloral hydrate and Hydroxyzine for pediatric patients. Twenty seven sedation cases were performed in this study Selection criteria included good health(ASA I), 2 to 6 years of age, the need for sedation to receive dental treatment including anesthesia, and restorative procedure over at least two teeth. Patients were randomly classified into one group taking oral Chloral hydrate(60 mg/kg) and Hydroxyzine(1 mg/kg) and the other group recieving Chloral hydrate(60 mg/kg), Hydroxyzine(1 mg/kg) and submucosal Midazolam(0.1 mg/kg). Nitrous Oxide(50%) was used for both group during sedation. Patients were monitored using a pulse oximeter and a Bispectral monitor. A behavior scale was rated as quiet(Q), crying(C), movement(M), or struggling(S) every 2 minutes watching a recorded videotape. Analysis showed a significant difference in mean Bispectral index and SD during sedation across two groups(P<0.001). The group of patients injected with submucosal Midazolam in addition to oral Chloral hydrate and Hydroxyzine showed a lower mean Bispectral index and a narrower SD. PR and SpO2 for both groups remained within the normal values. Submucosal Midazolam improved the sedation quality by deepening sedation depth without compromising safety and enabled the sedation pattern to be kept more stable.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.602-607
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• 2013

Correct packaging enables processors to pack fresh produce and extend its shelf life. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of different packaging materials on the weight loss, pH, $O_2$, $CO_2$ and sensory characteristics of soybean sprouts during their storage at $5^{\circ}C$ for seven days. Soybean sprouts ($320{\pm}20g$) were packaged with oriented polypropylene (OPP) and cast polypropylene (CPP) films, respectively. The $O_2$ transmission rate of the packaging materials was set to have a control of $10,000cc/m^2$.day.atm, and an OP15 and CP15 with $15,000cc/m^2$.day.atm through a pre-screening test. The average weight loss of the soybean sprouts during their storage was less than 10%, and that of the soybean sprouts with a CPP film was higher than that of the OPP film. The pH of the soybean sprouts increased during their storage regardless of their packaging materials; but compared to the pH of the soybean sprouts packaged with OPP, those packaged with CPP were higher. The $CO_2$ content of the packaging increased with a decrease in the $O_2$ content. The ratio of $CO_2$ to $O_2$ in the soybean sprouts with the OPP film was 3.5 times higher than in the soybean sprouts with the CPP film. The results of the overall sensory test showed that the marketability of the soybean sprouts packaged with OPP film and stored at $5^{\circ}C$ seemed to have been maintained effectively for six days (at a $15,000cc/m^2$.day.atm $O_2$ transmission rate). When the correlation coefficients of the control, OP15 and CP15 were analyzed, the highest correlation was shown between a control and OP15 (0.986; p<0.01).

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.21 no.3 s.87
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• pp.301-310
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• 2005

The effects of defatted soy flour on the physicochemical characteristics of dough and bread making properties were studied. Defatted soy flour is added to wheat flour for bread-making in order to maximize the use of isoflavones in the soybean. Different particle sizes of both defatted soy flour and wheat flour were prepared by grinding and sievingwith meshes. In the mixograph test, the addition of defatted soy flour to wheat flour increased the requirement for water and decreased the dough development time. Water absorption rates were also investigated to determine the optimum quantity of water for good dough. As the level of defatted soy flour mixed with wheat flour increased, the sedimentation and P.K. values decreased. In comparison with control, the bread made with defatted soy flour especially had a lower specific loaf volume. Specific loaf volume of wheat flour-defatted soy flour bread prepared (Ed- this is an incomplete sentence, it's only a subject clause, and I don't how what you intend to state). In terms of the staling rate and hardness of the wheat flour-defatted soy flour bread, the increased defatted soy flour had a faster staling rate during storage at 5? than at 25? for 5days. From the result of sensory evaluation, wheat flour-defatted soy flour breads containing up to $4\%$ defatted soy flour were rated as being of high quality.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.345-356
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• 1996

Properties of enzymatic hydrolysates from ascidian tunic were assessed on supernatant ratio, solid yields and solid concentration. The concentartion of solid and yields in the extracts were increased as the enzyme concentration raised from $100\;{\mu}l\;to\;1000{\mu}l$ during the extraction period. The optima concentration and reaction time of each enzyme on digestion were $400\;{\mu}l$ 60 minutes, through treated with Duncan's multiple test. The percent of yields of solid, protein and carotenoids for 60 minutes extraction at $400\;{\mu}l$ were $32.32\%,\;1.34\%\;and\;74.60\;mg\%$, respectively, in Viscozyme systems. The extracts were composed with many kinds of carbohydrates such as arabinose, ribose, xylose, galactose, glucose, N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. Aspartic and glutamic arid were noted as predominant amino acids in all parts. Amino acid profiles of various ascidian tunic part were similiar to each other, but most of essential amino acids content of inter coat was higher than that of root and tunic (body). About sixty six fatty acids components were observed, and their distribution among neutral and polar lipids was compared. The main fatty acids were found to be 14:0, 16:0, 16:1n7, 18:0, 18:1n9, 18:1n7, 18:2n6, 20:5n3, and 22:6n3.