• Journal of Life Science
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.481-489
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• 2023

The taste and quality of soy sauce, a fermented liquid condiment, is greatly influenced by microbial metabolism during fermentation. To investigate the microbiological characteristics of ganjang during the initial fermentation process, we prepared meju (fermented soybean) blocks fermented with starter cultures and solar salts and analyzed the microbial community quantitively using 16S rRNA gene profiling from ganjang that had been fermented over a five-week period. The ganjang samples were collected and analyzed after soaking for week one (1W), three (3W), and five (5W) weeks. We found that Halomonadaceae was significantly higher in the 1W group (89.83%) than the 3W and 5W groups (14.46%, and 13.78%, respectively). At a species level, Chromohalobacter beijerinckii and Chromohalobacter canadensis were the dominant species in the 1W group but several taxa such as Bacillus subtilis, Pediococcus acidilactici, and Enterococcus faecalis were more abundant in the 3W and 5W groups. Pearson correlation analysis of the relative abundance of the bacteria showed a negative correlation between Chromohalobacter and two bacterial genera Bacillus and Enterococcus. Beta-diversity showed a statistical distinction between the 1W and the 3W and 5W groups, while no significance was evident between the 3W and 5W groups. Linear discriminant effect size analysis was used to identify biomarkers and significant differences in the relative abundance of several halophilic bacteria, Bacillus sp. and lactic acid bacteria at 1W, 3W, and 5W, recpectively, which indicates the important role of the bacterial community at these time points.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.17-27
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• 2017

Purpose - In align with the increasing competition in both online and offline franchise markets caused by the increasing impact of social networking service, entrepreneurial passion(EP) of the franchise owners has crucial impact on the stakeholders. This study proposed the customer among stakeholders has the critical influence firm's success and examined the structural relationship between entrepreneurial passion(EP) and trust, identification, and loyalty from the customer's perspective. Research design, data, and methodology - This study examines the structural relationship between entrepreneurial passion(EP), trust, identification, and loyalty from the customer's perspective. More specifically, the EP were measured using three sub-dimensions such as EP-inventing(Perceived passion for inventing), EP-founding(Perceived passion for foundting), and EP-developing(Perceived passion for developing). In order to verify the research purposes, research model and hypotheses were developed. All constructs were measured with multiple items developed and tested in the previous studies. Each item was measured on a 7 point Likert-scale anchored by '1 = strongly disagree, 7 = strongly agree'. The data were collected from 449 franchise consumers through online survey and were analyzed using SPSS 21.0 and Smart PLS 3.0. statistical program. Result - The results of this study are as follows. First, EP-inventing and EP-developing have significant impacts on corporate trust. Second, EP-founding does not have significant impact on corporate trust. Third, EP-inventing and EP-founding have significant impacts on consumer identification. Fourth, EP-developing does not have impact on identification directly, but does indirectly through corporate trust as a mediator. Fifth, corporate trust and identification have significant impacts on loyalty. Conclusions - This indicates that the foodservice franchise CEOs should continuously develop new menus and service to fulfill customer needs. EP-inventing of the food franchise CEOs may enhance customer trust for higher quality of product or service, and EP-developing can also be a driving force for customer trust as it embeds belief in customers that the franchise is sustainably developing. Also, food franchise CEOs should first clarify the support process for the existing brands before developing new ones. Customers tend to lead the trend by using brands that satisfy new trends in the foodservice franchise market, and it could have identification with the trend-setting franchise. Customers do not accept if a company is different from their personal image or norms. So the franchise CEOs must create identification with customers by building corporate trust. Corporate trust influences consumer behavior and emotion, thus the franchises need to secure trust by improving product or service continuously.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.303-308
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to provide a practical guide for establishing BSC that can be practically applied by SMEs. To this end, a case study was conducted to establish a performance evaluation system through a field-required Balanced Scorecard (BSC) for company J, a tent pole manufacturer, and to provide a management strategy system map. As a survey method, the requirements of the ordering organization were organized through a comparison of the BSC-related proposal requests in the first stage. The BSC establishment method was organized through the arrangement of the second stage result report. The 3rd stage BSC derived KPI indicators for SMEs for each of the 4 perspectives. A corporate vision was derived through a 4-step SWOT analysis. A strategy map was developed through 5-step field-required KPI, weight setting, and BSC. The 6-step final strategy system was also drawn up. As a result of the study, the four perspectives of the BSC were reconstructed by department. That is, the financial (financial) perspective is from the executives' perspective, the customer's perspective is from the sales department's perspective, the internal process perspective is from the design department/production quality department's perspective, and the learning/innovation perspective is from the management department's perspective. In addition, a total of 11 CSFs and a total of 49 KPIs of J company were derived. The limitation of the study is that the final strategy system through the company's BSC has only been carried out, and it needs to be linked with the company's compensation system in the future.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제28권3D호
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• pp.355-362
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• 2008

Fast track completion of urgent typhoon damage recovery construction project is becoming crucial for the prevention of the secondary damage from the next year typhoon, prompt psychological stabilization of flood sufferers, the early recovery of damaged infrastructure condition and so forth. As the recovery learning process has been continued for last consecutive typhoons and experts suggested, the keys in attaining the goals of the project (preventative, sustainable, cleaner and fast tracking development) are found to be the early contracting and improved competencies in project management especially during the design phase. It can be presumed that the former is attainable through administrative supports in the form of government guidelines, but the latter necessitates more research efforts. In this regards, this study aims to find a way how to lift up the current level of project management capability facing ever changing project mangement environment of urgent typhoon recovery project. By comparing the current level of application of government guidelines in flooded districts and analyzing the time required for each phase from design contracting to construction starting, several reformative ideas are illustrated in association with the necessity of adopting CM method in the deign phase. It is highly expected that CM application in the design phase can be an effective alternative in overcoming current limits in improving the quality of the project and prevent the delay due to the lack of expertise and professional workers in the owner side.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제26권6D호
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• pp.945-950
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• 2006

In implementing transportation projects, benefits have been estimated using conventional benefit components. However, these components have a lot of assumptions and limitations for benefit estimations and thus it seems to be difficult to obtain values of parameters as well as to overlook benefits of non-market goods in calculation process. In other words, current benefit estimations are considered that can be solely measured by directly depending on traffic volumes. Existing economic analysis do not reflect the full benefits, including direct and indirect of the project implementations. To illustrate this fact, bicycle road construction can result in various functional benefits, including improved quality of life, balanced regional development, and good scenery composition. These benefits can not be explained with conventional economic analysis. The objective of this research is to estimate valuation of bicycle road construction using Contingent Valuation Method (CVM). CVM can evaluate user's direct willingness-to-pay as well as maximize bicycle utilization with balanced regional development. This research used the coastline bicycle road construction project for example. The proposed method can be well calculated or estimated benefits for non-market goods of bicycle road constructions using CVM.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.71-83
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• 2009

Shotcrete is an important primary support for tunnelling in rock. The quality control of shotcrete is a core issue in the safe construction and maintenance of tunnels. Although shotcrete may be applied well initially onto excavated rock surfaces, it is affected by blasting, rock deformation and shrinkage and can debond from the excavated surface, causing problems such as corrosion, buckling, fracturing and the creation of internal voids. This study suggests an effective non-destructive evaluation method of the tunnel shotcrete bonding state applied onto hard rocks using the impact-echo (IE) method and ground penetration radar (GPR). To verify previous numerical simulation results, experimental study carried out. Generally, the bonding state of shotcrete can be classified into void, debonded, and fully bonded. In the laboratory, three different bonding conditions were modeled. The signals obtained from the experimental IE tests were analyzed at the time domain, frequency domain, and time-frequency domain (i.e., the Short- Time Fourier transform). For all cases in the analyses, the experimental test results were in good agreement with the previous numerical simulation results, verifying this approach. Both the numerical and experimental results suggest that the bonding state of shotcrete can be evaluated through changes in the resonance frequency and geometric damping ratio in a frequency domain analysis, and through changes in the contour shape and correlation coefficient in a time-frequency analysis: as the bonding state worsens in hard rock condition, the autospectral density increases, the geometric damping ratio decreases, and the contour shape in the time-frequency domain has a long tail parallel to the time axis. The correlation coefficient can be effectively applied for a quantitative evaluation of bonding state of tunnel shotcrete. Finally, the bonding state of shotcrete can be successfully evaluated based on the process suggested in this study.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.269-269
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• 2022

Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) on rice panicles is getting problematic in recent several years in Korea due to climate changes such as high temperature and more frequent typhoons during harvesting season. PHS negatively affects grain quality severely and also yield. Genetic improvement of Korean varieties (Oryza sativa ssp. japonica) through a marker assisted-backcross breeding (MAB) with the known PHS resistant genes must be one of ideal solutions. However, the final breeding products of MAB occasionally exhibit unwanted traits, especially the cross between genetically distant parents. This might be caused by linkage drag and/or presence of the gene-unlinked donor introgressions, resulting that the final products could not be released to the farmers. The major PHS resistance gene, Sdr4 (Seed dormancy 4) originated from an indica cultivar, Kasalath was selected as a donor gene. In order to avoid unexpected phenotypes in the breeding products, we performed a precision marker-based breeding (PMBB) consisting of foreground, recombinant, and background selections (FS, RS, and BS) which aim to develop 'single small introgression lines' (~100 kb introgression). Korean varieties (Ilpum and Gopum) were crossed with Kasalath. We developed Sdr4-allele specific markers for FS and a set of polymorphic flanking markers near the Sdr4 (-350kb and +420kb) for RS. To minimize linkage drag, the small introgression (< 125kb) containing Sdr4 was selected in Ilpum background (BC₂F₄) through 1^st RS with ~1,200 F₂ or BC₁F₂ plants (one side trimmed) and then 2^nd RS with ~1,000 progenies from the 1^st RS selected plants (another side trimmed). After RS, the selected lines were genotyped by using Infinium 7K SNP chip to detect other donor introgressions and the lines were backcrossed. Currently BS is on-going from the backcross-derived progenies with BS markers to remove residual introgressions. During the PMBB process, genetic effect of Sdr-4-Kasalath allele was confirmed in Ilpum and Gopum backgrounds by PHS phenotyping using the segregating BC₂F₃ or BC₁F₄ materials. The Sdr4 PMBB lines in Ilpum background (< 125kb introgression) will be valuable genetic resources to improve PHS resistance in modem popular temperate japonica varieties.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.394-407
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• 2023

Ecological restoration is an ecological technology that diagnoses problematic ecological spaces and restores the damaged ecosystem to a healthy appearance similar to its original appearance based on reference information obtained by analyzing intact nature. To achieve successful restoration, the project must be carried out in respect of a series of procedures. However, in Korea, restoration projects are usually actively promoted regardless of diagnostic evaluation, which wastes cost and energy, and the effect is not significant. As the reference information is not utilized, ecological restoration to return the damaged nature makes features different greatly from the appearance of nature, causing another damage. As the restoration effect is not evaluated, it is impossible to determine whether it is successful or not, and as a result, even if the project continues, there is no development and no effect. However, advanced societies have not only made academic progress by respecting these procedures but also have great economic effects along with the improvement of environmental conditions as ecological restoration has become an industry. Therefore, the international society recognizes ecological restoration as an important means of solving environmental problems at the global level, including climate change, and international organizations are actively promoting projects to treat the injured planet. However, most of the restoration projects promoted in Korea were evaluated below the level as a result of the evaluation of the effect. Nevertheless, those who have led low-quality projects are blocking plans to establish ecological restoration as a new industry that can contribute significantly to improving these levels, and thus the problem is expected to worsen. To solve this problem, it is necessary to filter out defective businesses by introducing a strict and correct project evaluation system by dividing it into before and after. Furthermore, it is necessary to establish ecological restoration as an industry and leave the process in the principles of the market.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.56-63
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• 2023

In this paper, we studied the effect of electron beam irradiation on sol-gel indium-gallium-zinc oxide (IGZO) thin films under air and nitrogen atmosphere and carried out the electrical characterization of the s ol-gel IGZO thin film transistors (TFTs). To investigate the optical properties, crystalline structure and chemical state of the sol-gel IGZO thin films after electron beam irradiation, UV-Visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were carried out. The sol-gel IGZO thin films exhibited over 80% transmittance in the visible range. The XRD analysis confirmed the amorphous nature of the sol-gel IGZO films regardless of electron beam irradiation. When electron beam irradiation was conducted in a nitrogen (N₂) atmosphere, we observed an increased proportion of peaks related to M-O bonding contributed to the improved quality of the thin films. Sol-gel IGZO TFTs subjected to electron beam exposure in a nitrogen atmosphere exhibited enhanced electrical characteristics in terms of on/off ratio and electron mobility. In addition, the electrical parameters of the transistor (on/off ratio, threshold voltage, electron mobility, subthreshold swing) remained relatively stable over time, indicating that the electron beam exposure process in a nitrogen atmosphere could enhance the reliability of IGZO-based thin-film transistors in the fabrication of sol-gel processed TFTs.

• Informatization Policy
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.3-39
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• 2023

With the growing importance of information/information system, information security is emphasized, and the significance of information security audit as a tool for maintaining the proper security level is increasing as well. The objectives of the study are to identify the overall research trends and to propose future research areas by analyzing domestic and overseas research in the area. To achieve the objectives, 103 research papers were analyzed based on both general and subject-related criteria. The following are the major research results : In terms of research approach, more empirical studies are needed; For subject "Auditor," studies to develop a framework for related variables (e.g., capability) are needed; For subject "Audit Activities/Procedures," future research should focus on the process/results of detailed audit activities; Future domestic research for "Audit Areas" should look for the new technology/industry/security areas covered by foreign studies; For "Audit Objective/Impact," studies to define the variables (e.g., performance and quality) systematically and comprehensively are needed; For "Audit Standard/Guidelines," research on model/guideline needs to be continued.