• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.390-408
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• 2019

Objectives: Several pattern diagnosis questionnaires have been developed to objectify the process of pattern diagnosis in Korean medicine. In this context, this study aimed to develop a food retention questionnaire for functional dyspepsia (FRQ-FD) by modifying the previously developed food retention questionnaire (FRQ) and to verify its reliability and validity. Furthermore, this study aimed to identify the optimal cut-off value of the FRQ-FD for standardization and use in clinical situations. Methods: To develop the FRQ-FD, we extracted the major symptoms of food retention pattern for functional dyspepsia from Chinese/Korean medicine textbooks and requested an importance survey from experts using the Delphi method. The first draft of the FRQ-FD was composed of 25 questions comprising 8 questions from the textbooks and the Delphi method and 17 questions from the FRQ already developed in 2013. To analyze its reliability, validity, and optimal cut-off value, 60 subjects were enrolled in this study from June 25 to August 13, 2018. Thirty patients were diagnosed as both functional dyspepsia and food retention pattern, and 30 healthy participants were not. All participants were requested to fill up the FRQ-FD, Stomach Qi Deficiency Questionnaire (SQDQ), Scale for Stomach Qi Deficiency pattern (SSQD), visual analog scale (VAS) for dyspepsia, Nepean Dyspepsia Index-Korean version (NDI-K), and functional dyspepsia-related quality of life (FD-QoL). Results: No statistically significant differences were found in sex distribution, age, and body mass index between the patient group and the control group. As five questions affected the reliability negatively and three questions affected the clinical validity negatively, we decided to exclude the eight questions upon further investigation. The Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ coefficient of the revised FRQ-FD (17 items) was 0.899, and its clinical validity was verified. Construct validity was analyzed by factor analysis and produced five factors. Statistically significant positive correlations were found between the revised FRQ-FD and the other dyspepsia scales, namely, SQDQ, SSQD, VAS, NDI-K, and FD-QoL. VAS and NDI-K especially had strong positive correlations with FRQ-FD. Conclusions: The FRQ-FD developed in this study can provide fundamental reliability and validity for a pattern diagnosis questionnaire. FRQ-FD can help to diagnose food retention pattern in functional dyspepsia patients. Further studies are required to inspect several statistical factors.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.792-799
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• 2019

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of persimmon peel on the physicochemical properties of ground pork stored at $4^{\circ}C$ for 10 days. Four types of ground pork were evaluated: T0 without dried persimmon peel powder, and T1 with 0.3%, T2 with 0.7%, and T3 with 1.0% dried persimmon peel powder. The pH increased during storage, with the pH of T3 being the lowest (p<0.01). The L-value and b-value were not significantly changed, but the a-value decreased during storage. On the 10th day of storage, the a-values were significantly higher for T2 and T3 than for T0 and T1 (p<0.001). TBARS significantly increased during storage, with lower values for T2 and T3 than for T0 and T1 (p<0.001). DPPH free radical scavenging activity decreased during storage, with T0 having the lowest value (p<0.001). The VBN content increased during storage, and the VBN content of T0 was the highest at the 10th day (p<0.05). The water-holding capacity decreased and cooking loss increased during storage. Hardness and chewiness increased, while springiness and gumminess decreased during storage. The results of this study showed that the addition of persimmon peel during the process of making ground pork had antioxidant effects that maintained redness and physical quality. A 0.7% addition was the most appropriate.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.35-49
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• 2019

Objectives The purpose of this research is to evaluate the effectiveness of moxibustion theraphy for frozen shoulder through systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods The effect of moxibustion for frozen shoulder was constructed as a key question to search randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in 16 databases without type of publication restriction. Results A total of 790 studies were searched and 22 RCTs were finally selected through primary and secondary selection/exclusion process. In most of the evaluation indexes used in each study, moxibustion treatment for shoulder pain was statistically significant compared with other treatments. A meta-analysis of effective rate in 10 studies comparing moxibustion with acupuncture and acupuncture showed a statistically significant effect of moxibustion treatment. And there was a significant effect on the improvement of the shoulder mobility, but the effect size of shoulder pain was no significant effect for shoulder pain reduction. In addition in the result of meta-analysis of 4 studies' effective rate comparing moxibustion with electronic acupuncture, the effect of moxibustion was significantly higher than that of electronic acupuncture in frozen shoulder. Conclusions Moxibustion therapy was effective in symptoms in patients with frozen shoulder. However because of the high risk of bias in the quality of the included studies, the applicability of this study seems to be limited. It is thought that future randomized controlled trials will need to be designed and performed by reviewing ways to minimize bias.

• Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.1-24
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• 2018

In the last decade, the use of Building Information Modeling (BIM) as a new technology has been applied with traditional Computer-aided design implementations in an increasing number of architecture, engineering, and construction projects and applications. Its employment alongside construction management, can be a valuable tool in helping move these activities and projects forward in a more efficient and time-effective manner. The traditional stakeholders, i.e., Owner, A/E and the Contractor are involved in this BIM system that is used in almost every activity of construction projects, such as design, cost estimate and scheduling. This article extracts major features of the application of BIM from perspective of participating BIM components, along with the different phrases, and applies to them a logistic analysis using a fuzzy performance tree, quantifying these phrases to judge the effectiveness of the BIM techniques employed. That is to say, these fuzzy performance trees with fuzzy logic concepts can properly translate the linguistic rating into numeric expressions, and are thus employed in evaluating the influence of BIM applications as a mathematical process. The rotational fuzzy models are used to represent the membership functions of the performance values and their corresponding weights. Illustrations of the use of this fuzzy BIM performance tree are presented in the study for the uninitiated users. The results of these processes are an evaluation of BIM project performance as highly positive. The quantification of the performance ratings for the individual factors is a significant contributor to this assessment, capable of parsing vernacular language into numerical data for a more accurate and precise use in performance analysis. It is hoped that fuzzy performance trees and fuzzy set analysis can be used as a tool for the quality and risk analysis for other construction techniques in the future. Baldwin's rotational models are used to represent the membership functions of the fuzzy sets. Three scenarios are presented using fuzzy MEAN, AND and OR gates from the lowest to intermediate levels of the tree, and fuzzy SUM gate to relate the intermediate level to the top component of the tree, i.e., BIM application final performance. The use of fuzzy MEAN for lower levels and fuzzy SUM gates to reach the top level suggests the most realistic and accurate results. The methodology (fuzzy performance tree) described in this paper is appropriate to implement in today's construction industry when limited objective data is presented and it is heavily relied on experts' subjective judgment.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.56-68
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• 2019

An optimal selection of form-work is very important in the construction project in terms of construction cost and duration management. Also, it substantially affects the quality of the structure and the finishing work. However, in South Korea, the decision making on the selection of form-work has been based on the experience and intuition of construction practitioners not on the objective data or rational decision-making system. In order to solve the problem, several types of research on the selection of form-work has been processed. However, they did not consider the construction site condition, which is one of the most important factors for the selection of form-work. Thus, the objective of this study is developing the objective decision supporting system considering the site condition. This study provides the quantitative decision support model for optimal form-work based on construction site type. It is expected that the decision support model will help the practitioners decide optimal form-work based on the objective data. It will ameliorate the existing decision making process using experience and intuition. In addition, because the model considers site-conditions, it will provide more accurate and appropriate decision on the selection of an optimal form-work.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.365-374
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• 2019

Unlike benign tumors, malignant tumors are capable of metastasis, easy to relapse, poor survival, and low quality of life. In Korea, here is a tendency to treat the tumors collectively according to the General Principles of Cancer Chemotherapy(GPCC) of the Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service (HIRA). But recently, companion diagnostics(CDx) is recommended rather than unilateral medication because biomarker-based molecular diagnostics is possible to predict the drug response of patients before drug treatment. Not only domestic but also overseas Food and Drug Administratio (FDA) recommends the development of the CDx system at the stage of drug development to ensure the responsiveness and safety of medicines. In this study, I focused on the necessity of CDx development direction as well as CDx development status through literature review. Furthermore I also discussed CDx types according to the molecular diagnostic technology such as immunohistochemistry (IHC), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), in situ hybridization (ISH), and next-generation sequencing (NGS) not only in the approved CDx but also in the developing one by US FDA. And I suggested the technology issue of CDx development process such as a selection of molecular diagnostics at the time of release, a clear understanding of the CDx mechanism, and a convergence of drug with CDx development. The necessity of social insurance system also was proposed for CDx development.

• 한국노년학
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.141-157
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• 2010

This quasi-experimental study examined the experience of simulation clothes and its effects among undergraduate nursing students. Method: The experimental group consisted of 44 sophomore students in a diploma nursing program, while 41 students comprised the comparison group. Only the experimental group experienced the functional decline of aging after taking on simulation clothes. Homogeneity between the groups was analyzed using t-test, and Fisher's exact test. Paired t-test and t-test were adopted for testing changes of attitudes and awareness of supporting elders. In addition, contents of students' reports of the aging simulation experience were analyzed. Results: No significant quantitative effect was observed in attitudes toward elders and awareness of supporting elders. However, the simulation experience seemed to have enhanced students' understanding of elders and of basic elder care as well. Furthermore, the students could think of preparing for their later lives. Conclusion: The experience of simulation clothes is a meaningful learning opportunity in gerontological nursing curriculum. Students' experiences need to be shared and reinforced in a discussion session. Safety should be secured in the process of the experience. The simulation experience can be further developed to raise its quality.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.139-152
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• 2019

In the fourth industrial revolution and the era of convergence and integration, on the situation that the internal colleges are needed active change included in the improvement of educational quality, I tested it on the purpose of empirical analysis with SPSS v.18 how colleges' efforts on the first periodic Organization Evaluation And Accreditation System(OEAAS) affects on the Perceived Management Performances on the perspective of BSC. As the test result, the Degree of Awareness of Colleges' Efforts on the OEAAS affects on just Colleges' Learning and on Growth. The Degree Propriety of Preparation of the OEAAS affects on Customer Performance, on Internal Process Performance, and, on Finance Performance. And the Degree of Satisfaction of Internal Assessment affects on all of BSC 4 performances. The results of this research could be used on making the management idea of colleges' performance on the OEAAS. In the future, it would be needed advanced researches which are able to make relatedness to the expanse of management performance with the OEAAS.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.158-162
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• 2018

Breast cancer related lymphedema (BCRL) is one of the most intractable complications after surgery. Patients suffer from physical impairment, as well as psychological depression. Moreover, a recent study revealed that cellulitis significantly increased the risk of BCRL, and cellulitis has been suggested as a risk factor of BCRL development. We describe a patient treated with stellate ganglion blocks (SGBs) without steroid for relief of symptoms and reduction of the arm circumference of breast cancer-related infectious lymphedema in a month. We measured the arm circumference at four locations; 10 cm and 5 cm above and below the elbow crease, numeric rating scale (NRS) score, lymphedema and breast cancer questionnaire (LBCQ) score on every visit to the pain clinic. A serial decrease of the arm circumference and pain score were observed after second injection. In the middle of the process, cellulitis recurred, we performed successive SGBs to treat infectious lymphedema. The patient was satisfied with the relieved pain and swelling, especially with improved shoulder range of motion as it contributes to better quality of life. This case describes the effects of SGB for infectious BCRL patients. SGB could be an alternative or ancillary treatment for infectious BCRL patients.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.229-234
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• 2018

The glass-ceramic of $Li_2O-Al_2O_3-SiO_2$ system was synthesized by using $ZrO_2$, $ZrSiO_4$, $ZrOCl_2$ and $Zr(SO_4)_2$, which is a raw material of Zr serving as a nucleation agent. It was confirmed that Avrami parameter of these four glasses is over 3 for bulk crystallization. The glass synthesized by $ZrOCl_2$, and $Zr(SO_4)_2$ showed high melting quality during the melting process. It is also observed that the Zr component is uniformly distributed in the glass. Various characterizations was evaluated, including composition analysis and bending strength.