• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.123-140
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• 2011

This study analyzed large distributors' trade features with local suppliers and their direct purchase features through the survey and the interview targeting some MDs(Merchandisers) in large retailers responsible for buying fresh foods (agricultural, fishery, livestock and proceeded products). As the result of conducting the survey targeting the large purchase MDs, it was found that when they select local suppliers, they importantly consider the factors of stable products supply, the quality management, the aggressive management attitude, the affordable (cheap) price, and the suggestion of differentiated goods in order. Concerning their direct purchases in local places, their preference toward the direct-purchase traders were higher than that toward vendors and whole markets as their existing major traders. Among the traders for direct purchase, they preferred farm corporations (including agricultural corporations) the most, and followed the National Agricultural Cooperative, and the unit agricultural cooperative in order. Regarding to the trades with suppliers, when they set the trade price, the merchandisers (MDs) of large distributors preferred long-term trades over 2 years, and utilized the factors of market rate(50.9%), production cost(31.2%) and sale price in the same industry(18.0%). For the local distribution organizations to aggressively counteract the changes of distribution environment in the consumption places, it needs some strategies to organize the agricultural production, to expand the production size and to specialize the distribution channels. And the supply system's continuality and stability are required, so it needs to establish the counteract system enabling to supply all year round through the link of production organizations. Additionally, as an effort to intensify the market negotiation ability, it should collect various market information from the consumption places.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.45-54
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• 2010

Recently more and more construction projects have become high-rise, complex and intelligent. Accordingly, such projects require an integrated management system for tasks, with a lean approach to construction with work processes for management and productivity. In particular, Construction Information Technology (CIT) fields are concerned with Building Information Modeling (BIM), which represents the process of generating and managing building data during its life cycle. Constructability research has progressed for the project goal which is a cost-time-quality of optimization by integrated construction knowledge and experience. However, the current constructability process has not been performed efficiently, as the existing 2D drawings and papers lack consistent and accurate information, it is difficult to share the contents of work, and the use of information is inefficient. This study proposes that the reformation and enhancement of BIM-based constructability work process can lead to brilliant performance in the framework of the construction phase through achieving collaboration between the design team and the workers at the site.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.610-619
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• 2016

Digital manufacturing (DM) technology helps engineers design products promptly and reliably at low production cost by simulating a manufacturing process and the material behavior of a product in use, based on three-dimensional digital modeling. The computing infrastructure for digital manufacturing, however, is usually expensive and, at present, the number of professional design engineers who can take advantage of this technology to a product design accurately is insufficient, particularly in small and medium manufacturing companies. Considering this, the Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information (KISTI) and H University is operating a DM track in the form of Industry-University-Research Institute collaboration to train high-performance-computing-based DM professionals. In this paper, a series of courses to train students to work directly into DM practice in industry after graduation is reported. The operating cases of the DM track for two years since 2013 are presented by focusing on the progress in establishment, lecture and practice contents, evaluation of students, and course quality improvement. Overall, the track management, curriculum management, learning achievement of students have been successful. By expediting more active participation of the students in the track and providing more internship and job offers in the participating companies in addition to collaborative capstone design projects, the track can be expanded by fostering a nationwide training network.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.73-83
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• 2016

Purpose - The parcel delivery service(courier) industry all over the world has been expanding its market so far, but its growth has been declining in recent years. In this situation, most parcel delivery companies are having trouble with managing themselves because of the pressure from the customer to increase service level and decrease the rate. The purpose of this study is to provide ways to improve competitive advantages of the parcel delivery service industry by evaluating the multi-period operating efficiency of Korea, Japan and global service providers. Research design, data, and methodology - The data for the period of 2011 to 2014 were collected from the annual reports published by parcel delivery companies. In this study, we analyze the marketability (revenue), profitability (operating profits), and management conditions (net profits) of parcel service companies by combining information on human resources (number of employees) and material resources (total assets and equity). Therefore, the number of employees, total assets, and equity are selected as input variables, and revenue, operating profits, and net profits as the output variables. In this study, DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) is used to measure the comparative efficiency and MPI (Malmquist Productivity Index) is used to analyze the trend of change of the efficiency for a multi-year period. Results - The operational efficiency scores of medium-sized parcel delivery companies in Korea are higher than other larger competitors such as Korean, Japan and Global larger companies. As of 2014, Logen(1.878) was found to be the most efficient parcel delivery enterprise, followed by KGB (1.224), and Kyoungdong(1.002). Otherwise, Hanjin(0.235), CJ(0.262), Hyundai Logistics(0.657), DHL(0.611), UPS(0.766), FedEx(0.498), TNT(0.350), Yamato(0.762) and Sagawa(0.520), larger sized companies, were done inefficiently. The productivity of parcel delivery companies is influenced by endogenous factors as well as exogenous ones such as changes in business environment and technological advances. Conclusions - Korean medium-sized companies have relatively high efficiency scores in operation. That is why they still survive the competitive market in Korea where market restructuring on the industry has been expected to be conducted for many years. The reason why medium-sized couriers had higher efficient scores than larger couriers is that most of couriers spend more operating expenses versus unit price of delivery which is the amount of money that is needed in order to send a package by parcel service. So the delivery unit price must be taken into account by all the expenses associated with the cost of fuel, labor and maintenance expenses for facilities, etc. therefore, the unit price must be increased to strengthen business competitive power. In order for the industry to have more competitive advantage, the companies need to make profits by increasing demand volume and raising the delivery rate to provide high-quality delivery service to customers. And both endogenous and exogenous change must take precedence in order to strengthen their competitiveness.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.101-109
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• 2011

Recently, the construction of U-City or of U-City service (U-service) in many kinds of urban development projects becomes the general trend. However, as the construction of U-city comes into the spotlight like the trend of the times, various service constructions are being indiscreetly implemented since it's processed focusing on local specialized projects or local landmark project by a local autonomous entity or an institute in charge being off the original purpose of the improvement of living quality of residents and the efficiency of urban management, which causes a number of problems on the process, maintenance, operation and management of those projects. Therefore, this study is to derive the standard pattern of U-service construction through the analysis of patterns and numbers of U-service and problems during the process of construction in domestic U-City construction case district, and is aimed to suggest the reasonable direction of service construction based on this. 11 projects areas in which data related to U-service are available among U-City construction project areas were selected for the subjects of this study, and it's standardized with 228 detailed unit services that were suggested by U-Eco City R&D and with 11 service domains that are regulated in "the Act of ubiquitous city construction etc.", and it is limited to services that were suggested in U-City case area of which design was completed by July, 2010 based on this. The actual state of various U-service construction is analyzed through case studies as well as reviews on the legal and theoretical concept and the method of pattern classification of U-service, the plan for the standardization (pattern classification) of U-service and the plan for the construction body of service and to share the costs are suggested as the plan to construct reasonable U-service based on this for the method and the procedure of this study For the method to construct U-service, the plan to classify the pattern of U-service into the basic service and additional service is suggested, and whether it has the publicity, whether urban infrastructure is included, whether utilities are included, the body of realization, the recipients, the urgency, the importance and the spreading, etc. are suggested for the index to determine the pattern of service. The method to get the executor of a project to construct the basic service, the method to get the executor of a project to construct the most basic service among the group classification of service and to get a private entity and a local autonomous entity to perform additional service in the future, and the method to construct the whole service and to distribute the construction costs were suggested, and the first one that determines the body of construction after dividing U-service into the basic service and the additional service was evaluated to be the most reasonable one. And the plan to solve the problem that the excessive construction costs of U-service are shifted onto the executor of a project through benefit principle, balanced distribution principle and consultation and mediation between the interested parties was suggested for the criteria to share the costs.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• autumn
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• pp.232-239
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• 2001

Young Jong Grand Bridge is approach traffic road of New Inchon International Airport which covers hub airport function in northeast asia. The total span length of this bridge is $4,420{\cal}m$ and this main bridge type is, the first in the world, Double Deck Self Anchored Suspension Bridge, designed as double deck systems to be arranged by road and railroad. Approach bridges to be connected with main span also are composed double deck steel truss and steel box girder to consider a continuity with this span. Our company erected $1,375{\cal}m$(about 60,000tons) of double deck steel truss bridge type which is composed by 6 traffic lane on upper deck and 4 traffic lane and Double track railroad on lower deck. The original installation method of this bridge was planed to install about 75 meters bridge blocks to use floating crane, after temporary bent was constructed between permanent piers. But this method which had to construct many temporary bents in the sea had the matter that construction periods can become lengthen and construction cost can be risen. To overcome the uncertainty to ensure high qualify of bridge and economic project execution, our company developed new bridge erection method to assure both quality control and economic construction work. The new erection method which was developed by us was one that could transport and install long bridge block, $120{\cal}m$ unit at a time and that temporary bent was not required. We hope that this paper is used as technical data which will erect bridge in the western sea and others marine region.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.240-260
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• 2006

Purpose : The objective of this study is to serve guidelines for the investigation and management of uterine myomas with KM therapies. Methods : English-language articles from PubMed and Korean-language articles from the database of the journal of oriental gynecology were reviewed from 2000 to 2005, using the key words 'uterine myoma', 'uterine leiomyoma', 'fibroid', 'uterine artery embolization', 'endometrial ablation', 'myomectomy', and jagungguenjong(子宮筋腫)'. Results and Limits : The areas of clinical practices considered in formulating this guideline are assessment, KM therapies, medical treatments, myolysis, selective artery occlusion, endometrial ablation and surgical therapies including myomectomy and hysterectomy. Implementation of this guideline would optimize the decision-making process of women with uterine myomas and further investigation or therapy of their KM doctors. But we don't have abundant evidences of clinical trials of uterine myoma treated with KM therapy, though we treat or manage that with every-day clinical practices. Moreover cultural gaps between Korea and other western countries make many differences in the attitude to surgical therapies, especially hysterectomy. So it is very difficult to compare W therapies with other therapies. Moreover it is much difficult to estimate cost-effectiveness and benefit of those therapies in QOL. Conclusions : The majority of uterine myoma is asymptomatic and will not require any intervention or further investigation. But unmarried women who wish to marry and get pregnant want to find safe therapy for their asymptomatic uterine myomas. In that case, most of the patients prefer non-surgical therapy to surgical therapy. So KM herbal medicinal therapy is a good alternative method for those patients. For the symptomatic myomas, hysterectomy offers a definitive solution. However, it is not the best solution for women who wish to preserve their uterus. So KM therapy is a good alternative for them. But the predicted benefits of alternative therapies including KM therapy must be carefully weighed against the Possible risks of these therapies. To improve the quality of life of both women with asymptomatic and symptomatic myomas, selecting and treating patients should be done carefully. Moreover, the effect of KM therapy has to evaluated, comparing the possible situation without treatment and the benefit of constant treatment as a health-care system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.278-281
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• 2008

As all industries field has changed very quickly, the field of construction faces in many changed. It is the representatively change that focus on the growth of quality level than increase of the quantity in construction. Whether the project successes or not is related to the survival of the company and it is necessity that we need performance measurement indicators to complete the project successfully. The domestic construction company considers overbearingly the cost-performance indicator in executing a project so far. It is rare of studies that suggest the methodology of more deeply measurement and analysis about the each project itself. The performance measured methodology based on Lean Construction is linked with the each project performance measurement methodology. This methodology uses three indicators such as the reliability, effectiveness and productivity at the sane their measuring whether each task is completed at the point of work. The measurement on the three performance indicators measure and evaluate whether the task is completed on the focus of construction duration. The research suggest the work plan reliability and weight of the performance measurement methodology based on the Lean Construction and the three considerately in the scope of measurement. If the suggestion is considered fully, we can indicate more objective and accurate construction project performance measurement indicators based on Lena Construction.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.170-181
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• 1997

The number of modernized green houses have been increased to produce high quality and high-payoff farm products. The unit investment costs per pyeong($3.3058m^2$) for building a glass house was estimated at 449 thousand won. On the other hand, the unit prices for the PC house with iron frame and the vynil house with automatic control system were revealed 365 thousand won and 93 thousand won respectively. The main objective of the study was to identify the financial feasibility of the green house investment prevailed in rural area. At present, some farmers have selected the green house without any consideration of profitability of crops and accessiblity of their fanning practices and technology. For the soundness of green house cultivation and management, the indices of finacial efficiency for the modernized green houses were necessary. The decesion making criteria such as NPV(Net Present Value), IRR(Internal Rate of Return), B/C Ratio and Payback Period were analyzed for the individual high investment facilities considering the present farmer's technology and on-farm benefits and costs. The results of the feasibility analysis of green houses were as follows: 1. In case of 100% private burden of the investment costs, NPV revealed only positive value for the vinyl house with automatic system and IRR for the house was also estimated at more than 10% and B/C Ratio was amounted to more than 1.0. On the other hand, the other glass and PC houses showed negative NPV and unacceptable B/C ratio and IRR. 2. In case of the following terms and conditions as 50% Government subsidy, 20% loans and 30% farmers burden of the total investment cost, all the green houses showed acceptable IRR, B/C Ratio and NPV. 3. The financial feasibility of the glass house was acceptable in tomato cultivation rather than in cucumber cultivation. The payback periods of cucumber were represented as 8.9 years for glass house, 8.5 years for PC house and 4.1 years for vinyl house with automatic system respectively. In conclution, the glass and PC house cultivation of high value vegetables were only acceptable under the Goverment subsidy and loan systems from the view point of farmer's financial situations. On account of the unacceptable economic rate of return, the government subsidy and loan policy for glass house cultivation should be transfered to the vinyl and pc houses in the future.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.1019-1022
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• 2007

Recent construction projects are becoming larger, more complex and higher rising. Accordingly, necessity of the VE is emphasized as more suitable for expense, function and quality. However, the VE is not functional because of difficulty of application process or of the methods in use in the field of construction. One of the alternative is to introduce the incentive system to activate the VE in the field of construction. By using the incentive system, employers can reduce the relevant project's prime cost and builders will maximize profit creation. In domestic case, they presented the systematic support policy 'Technical development compensation system' which is similar to the 1992 American's VE incentive system about builder's technical development effort but the result was not positive. This study investigates both domestic and other country's construction VE incentive system and reported problems in the construction VE incentive system to executives and construction VE experts. From this survey, conclusions were drawn about problems in the domestic construction VE incentive system's similarity system: 'Insufficiency of the construction VE incentive's article and standards', 'Insufficiency of the appraiser of the construction VE and of the full charge department' etc. I had interviews with the experts of the construction VE which were based on the above-mentioned problems and then presented 'Improvement of the construction VE's incentive system relevant law and system', 'Construction VE experts and construction formation' etc. for ways to bring acceptance of the construction VE in the construction industry.