• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권7호
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• pp.1021-1029
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• 2013

To investigate the effect of dietary chromium (Cr) as Cr methionine (CrMet) on growth performance, carcass traits, pork quality, meat colour and expression of meat colour-related genes in growing-finishing pigs, 189 crossbred Duroc${\times}$(Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire) growing-finishing pigs (male, castrated, average initial BW $74.58{\pm}1.52$ kg) were selected and randomly allocated into four groups. Dietary treatments per kg of feed were as follows: 0 (CT), 0.3 mg/kg (T1), 0.6 mg/kg (T2) and 0.9 mg/kg (T3) Cr (in the form of CrMet; as-fed basis), and each treatment was replicated five times with 8 to 10 pigs per replicate pen. During the 28 d of the experiment, both the ADG and the ADFI increased linearly (p<0.05) as the level of dietary Cr increased. The F/G ratio decreased linearly (p<0.05). As dietary Cr increased, loin muscle areas (linear, p = 0.013) and average backfat thickness (linear, p = 0.072) decreased. Shear force (linear, p = 0.070) and Commission Internationale de I'$\acute{E}$clairage (CIE) redness (quadratic, p = 0.028) were increased. In addition, CIE Lightness (quadratic, p = 0.053) were decreased as dietary Cr increased. As dietary Cr increased, total myglobin (Mb) content (quadratic, p = 0.015) and the mb mRNA levels (quadratic, p = 0.046) in longissimus muscles of pigs were up-regulated. In conclusion, supplementation of dietary Cr improved growth and meat colour, but increased shear force and decreased IMF reduced palatability of longissimus muscles. Moreover, the increasing total Mb content and mb mRNA levels indicated that CrMet dietary supplementation may improve meat colour via up-regulating expression of the mb gene.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.109-119
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• 1995

두 모집단에서 임의로 관측중단도니 두 표본을 얻었을 때, 두 모집단의 분포가 같다는 가설을 검정하기 위한 카이제곱 검정방법이 제안되었다. 여기서 제안된 통계량은 대립가설이 두 모집단의 분포가 같지 않다는 양측가설일 때 쓰일 수 있다. 귀무가설이 사실일 때 제안된 통계량의 극한분포는 카이제곱 분포가 된다. 두 가지 형태의 카이제곱 검정통계량이 제안되었는데, 하나는 product-limit 추정치로부터 얻은 관측된 칸(cell) 확률의 차이들의 벡터의 이차형식으로 표현된 것이고, 다른 하나는 간단한 합의 모양으로 표현된 것이다. 두 형태의 검정통계량을 사용하여 암치료를 위한 화학요법 실험으로부터 얻은 자료를 분석하여 보았다.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.23-26
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• 1987

The aim of this note is to study some properties of Schrodinger operators, the magnetic case, $H_{0}$ (a)=1/2(-i.del.-a)$^{2}$; H(a)= $H_{0}$ (a)+V, where a=( $a_{1}$,.., $a_{n}$ ).mem. $L^{2}$$_{loc}$ and V is a potential energy. Also, we are interested in solutions, .psi., of H(a).psi.=E.psi. in the sense that (.psi., $e^{-tH}$(a).PSI.)= $e^{-tE}$(.psi.,.PSI.) for all .PSI..mem. $C_{0}$ $^{\infty}$( $R^{n}$ ) (see B. Simon [1]). In section 2, under some conditions, we find that a semibounded quadratic form of H9a) exists and that the Schrodinger operator H(a) with Re V.geq.0 is accretive on a form domain Q( $H_{0}$ (a)). But, it is well-known that the Schrodinger operator H=1/2.DELTA.+V with Re V.geq.0 is accretive on $C_{0}$ $^{\infty}$( $R^{n}$ ) in N Okazawa [4]. In section 3, we want to discuss $L^{p}$ estimates of Schrodinger semigroups.ups.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2000년도 제15차 학술회의논문집
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• pp.459-459
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• 2000

The purpose of this paper is the application of the techniques for the new estimation of robustness for the aircraft systems having structured uncertainties. The basic ideas to analyze the system which is the originally nonlinear is Lyapunov direct theorems. The nonlinear systems have various forms of terms inside the system equations and this investigation is confined in the form of bounded uncertainties. The number of uncertainties will be the degree of freedoms in the calculation of the robust stability regions called the robustness bounds. This proposition adopts the theoretical analysis of the Lyapunov direct methods, that is, the sign properties of the Lyapunov function derivative integrated along finite intervals of time, in place of the original method of the sign properties of the time derivative of the Lyapunov function itself. This is the new sufficient criteria to relax the stability condition and is used to generate techniques for the robust design of control systems with structured perturbations. Using this relaxing stability conditions, in this paper, the quadratic form of Lyapunov function is utilized. In this paper, the practical system of vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) aircraft is analyzed with the proposed stability criteria based upon the Lyapunov direct method. The application of numerical procedures can prove the improvements in estimations of robustness with structured uncertainties. The applicable aircraft system is assumed to be linear with time-varying with nonlinear bounded perturbations.

• 대한전자공학회논문지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1973

비선형제어계의 최적제어는 일반적으로 해석적인 방법에 의하여 그해를 구하기 곤란하다. 그뿐만 아니라 문제대상에 관한 완전한 수학적모형구성이 곤란한 경우도 많다. 본논문에서는 비선형제어계의 설계에 있어서 최적방책을 구하는 과정에서 보조적인 수단으로 평가함수내에 보조함수를 도입하여 최적문제의 해를 구하는 방법을 제시하였다. 평가함수는 적분이차형의 문제를 취급하여 그 보조함수를 적절히 선정하여 소기의 응답특성을 얻을 수 있음을 밝히고 몇가지 예를 취급하여 이러한 보조함수의 유용성을 구체적으로 고찰하였다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.741-750
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• 2021

The budget deficit is closely related to expansionary fiscal policy as a fiscal instrument to encourage economic growth. This study aims to apply optimal control theory in the Keynesian macroeconomic model for the economy, so that optimal growth can be found. Macroeconomic variables include GDP, consumption, investment, exports, imports, and budget deficit as control variables. This study uses secondary data in the form of time series, the time period 1990 to 2018. Performing optimal control will result in optimal fiscal policy. The optimal determination is done through simulation, for the period 2019-2023. The discrete optimal control problem is to minimize the objective function in the form of a quadratic function against the deviation of the state variable and control variable from the target value and the optimal value. Meanwhile, the constraint is Keynes' macroeconomic model. The results showed that the optimal value of macroeconomic variables has a deviation from the target values consisting of: consumption, investment, exports, imports, GDP, and budget deficit. The largest deviation from the average during the simulation occurs in GDP, followed by investment, exports, and the budget deficit. Meanwhile, the lowest average deviation is found in imports.

• 로봇학회논문지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.308-313
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• 2022

This paper proposes a velocity control method for a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) based on the Koopman operator that does not require model parameter information except for pole-pair of the motor and external load. First, the Koopman operator is derived using observable functions and observation data. Then, the desired q-axis current corresponding to the desired velocity is generated using the relationship between the continuous-time Koopman operator and the dynamics of PMSM. Also, the dynamic equation of PMSM is expressed as a linear form in observable space using the discrete-time Koopman operator. Finally, it is applied to the linear quadratic regulator (LQR) to derive the final form of control input. To verify the proposed method, the conventional cascade PI controller and the LQR controller configured with the existing technique are compared with the proposed method in the viewpoint of q-axis current generation and velocity tracking performance in an environment with noise and external load.

• 한국기계연구소 소보
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• 통권17호
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• pp.157-165
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• 1987

The SWATH concept hull form which is capable of high speed navigation with small oscillatory motions in waves, was developed from the catamaran type hull forms. This paper describes how the motion of a SWATH ship in irregular waves can be reduced by regulating the stabilizing fins. The optimal regulator and LQG (Linear Quadratic Gaussian) controller for vertical plane motion have been applied for both platforming mode and contouring mode controls. The calculations of hydrodynamic coefficients and external forces are possible for defining the system equation for the design purpose of motion control. Performances of the controlled system are compared with those of original system.

• 한국측량학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국측량학회 2003년도 추계학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.423-431
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• 2003

This study presents on generation coefficients of the RFM using GEO-level stereo images of the IKONOS satellite. 3-D positioning and DEM generation of this model on the test field. In result, the maximum error of image coordinates acquired by the upward transform of the RFM did nat exceed 8 pixels. DEM was generated with kriging interpolation extracted three dimensional ground coordinate to rational quadratic function form, me compared it to reference digital elevation model made from 1:5,000 digital map and 1:1,000 digital map, and so, could generate digital elevation model in the accuracy as average RMSE of elevation was ${\pm}$ 3∼5 m in RFM.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1979년도 하계 전자.전기연합학술발표회논문집
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• pp.119-120
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• 1979

A linear state equation of the first order differential form relating the load-frequency dynamic characteristics of interconnected power systems was derived for use in computer simulation. A now solution of the algebraic matrix riccati equation for application in quadratic optimal controllor and least-square state estimator dermination was developed. The program for a dynamic state equation for two interconnected control areas was developed. The optimized load-frequency deviation was analysed and a numerical analysis was tried based on the computer simulation. It was shown that the dynamic response of th loed-frequency could be optimized with weighting factors IR and Q. The result was that the load-frequency and the tie-line deviation were visibly reduced.