• 비교문화연구
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• 제31권
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• pp.217-240
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• 2013

The Chinese Bronze Epigraphy is based on the study of the Ancient Bronze, which is excavated from the ground and it is also related to Archeology and Historical Science as well. From the Han dynasty, to the Song dynasty and to the Qing dynasty. Chinese Graphonomy had a splendid development. Including ShuoWenJieZi in the Chinese Graphonomy and the study of Bronze got a shining improvement. ShuoWenJieZi as a key for deciphering ancient Chinese characters. With constant reference to the ShuoWenJieZi, Qing scholars pioneered the earliest large scale interpretations of bronze inscriptions. Several Qing Dynasty ShuoWen scholars such as a WangYun and DuanYuCai have made research in the Bronze Epigraphy. Through this research, we can figure out whether there is any relevance between the traditional study of Epigraphy and the Qing dynasty's.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.79-99
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• 2007

Basic summary of the medical administration : Due to Qing dynasty being the last of the dynastic era, it revealed overall extreme political traits in politics, economy, phenomenon, and cultural aspects. Few emperors of the early Qing dynasty adopted appeasement policy that mitigated ironies to a certain extent and showed growth in various business related fields. Even the medical administration had freshness during that period. United medical administrative system was generally formed, chicken pox was effectively prevented, shamanistic treatment was banned, medical journals were complied by the government, medical relief was more intensely done. However, actions on restoring Ming dynasty and against Qing dynasty as well as the reform power grew against Qing government threatening it. The drastically grown forces from the western region damaged Qing dynasty that the governors had to adopt despotic measures in politics, economy and culture. Social chaos began to arise, economy stagnated and weakened that the medical field also dwindled to the point where it could not be restored to the original point. The era of Qing dynasty was the period that had scientific culture at its fast growing pace, but for Chinese medicine, by contrary, due to autocracy and other factors, was faced with barriers in the medical development.

• 동국한의학연구소논문집
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• 제10권
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• pp.98-118
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• 2008

Basic summary of the medical administration : Due to Qing dynasty being the last of the dynastic era, it revealed overall extreme political traits in politics, economy, phenomenon, and cultural aspects. Few emperors of the early Qing dynasty adopted appeasement policy that mitigated ironies to a certain extent and showed growth in various business related fields. Even the medical administration had freshness during that period. United medical administrative system was generally formed, chicken pox was effectively prevented, shamanistic treatment was banned, medical journals were complied by the government, medical relief was more intensely done. However, actions on restoring Ming dynasty and against Qing dynasty as well as the reform power grew against Qing government threatening it. The drastically grown forces from the western region dan1aged Qing dynasty that the governors had to adopt despotic measures in politics, economy and culture. Social chaos began to arise, economy stagnated and weakened that the medical field also dwindled to the point where it could not be restored to the original point. The era of Qing dynasty was the period that had scientific culture at its fast growing pace, but for Chinese medicine, by contrary, due to autocracy and other factors, was faced with barriers in the medical development.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.71-82
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to correctly understand the costume of Qing dynasty in the court painting. The starting point of this study was that the painting typically reflects the cultural values, social significations, costume and aesthetic outlook of that period when the paintings were done. Based on this regard, this study analyzed the costume of figure paintings in the court painting of the Qing dynasty that complied and edited by the Palace Museum. The court dress of Qing dynasty represented not only the spiritual world of Manchu tribes but also the influences of Chinese traditional culture. The court dresses of Kangxi and Qianloug showed definitely the luxury of life of Qing court. The everyday dress of Qing dynasty reflected the nomadic environments and it was very simple. The hunting dress of Qing dynasty was very developed and also represented horse riding and hunting activities of their traditional life. The ladies of Qing dynasty enjoyed to dress the costume of old Chinese style. The appearance of noble women was fragile and slim.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.5-34
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• 2022

본 연구는 청대 황가능침원 12기를 대상으로 입지와 풍수 그리고 형태와 구조 등이 어우러진 시설 배치상의 특징을 고찰함으로써 청대 황가능침원 고유의 조영 경관적 특성을 구명하고자 한 것이다. 문헌조사와 현장 관찰 및 인터뷰, 영상 및 도면 비교 그리고 귀납 대비적 분석을 통해 청나라 시대 황가능침원의 조영 경관 특성을 자연환경, 입지 및 풍수 형세, 조영 형태와 구조로 구분하여 분석하였다. 그 결과 풍수 형국, 중축선에 따른 축선 연장거리, 능침 폭, 기점과 종점의 고저의 차에 따른 시설배치의 정형성, 능침의 좌향, 진입공간-제향공간-능침공간의 공간 비율 등의 분석에 따라 청대 황가능침원의 입지형국과 배치 계획상의 특성을 도출하였다. 또한 능침 시설물의 종류와 배치 순서 그리고 석상생의 분포 및 수량 및 종류 분석을 통해 능침의 시설배치적 특성을 도출하는 한편 명나라 시대와 다른 몇 가지 조영 특성을 밝힐 수 있었다. 또한 수계를 통한 공간분할 효과, 중축선에서의 광경(框景)과 협경(夾景)의 조망 효과가 소밀대비(疏密對比)와 함께 청대 황가능침원에서 발견되는 대표적 조망경관 효과임을 확인하였다.

• 산업진흥연구
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.157-164
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• 2020

After the Qing Dynasty overthrow of the Ming dynasty, this is far-reaching influenced on the Ming Dynasty's Sovereign state of the Joseon dynasty. Not only did regulations prohibit the entry into various books published by the Qing Dynasty, In addition, the "Northern Expedition" of Song Siyeo put forward the mainstream political proposal of the Northern Expedition and Qing Dynasty.Even in this context, Representatives of scholars such as Hong Daeyong, Bak Jega, Kim Jeonghui on the Joseon dynasty peninsula at the time, put forward the idea of "Learning from Central Plains" through several visits to Shuntian Prefecture (now Beijing), And gradually formed the well-known Silhak (Practical Learning) ideological of "Bukhak, (Northern Learning)" in the Joseon dynasty history. the Joseon dynasty Silhak ideological scholar of Kim Jeonghui also was under the influence of the Weng Fanggang and Ruan yuan other famous Qing Dynasty Textual scholar, Fruitful achievements in Chinese Classical Studies Epigraphy, Calligraphy.He founded the "Chusa-che" style of calligraphy Chusa, the "Chusa-che" styled is although born out of the clerical script, but more composition and See also asymmetrical in harmony, Strong and vigorous brush strokes, Every word vibrant, Make it a master of gold stone calligraphy in the Joseon Dynasty.This study based on some records of Kim Jeonghui's visited to Shuntian Prefecture(now Beijing), this article examines the academic activities of seeking truth to facts in Korea and the Qing Dynasty at the time, and the impact on these activities on calligraphy and painting in the Joseon Dynasty.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.493-503
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• 2022

청대의 예서는 중국서예의 역사에 혁신을 불러왔다. 서예에 있어 중요한 금석학과 고증학이 청시대에 들어와 발전하였고, 그리하여 예서에 적지 않은 영향을 미쳤다. 청시대예 들어와 적지 않은 서예가들이 출현하였고, 특히 금농(金農:1687-1763)과 이병수(伊秉綬:1754-1815)은 중국의 서예의 역사에 있어 예서체가 자리 잡는데 핵심적인 역학을 한 서예가들이다. 금농과 이병수에 대한 연구가 활발하게 진행되고 있지만, 이 논문에서는 두 예서체의 대가들이 남긴 그들의 작품을 비교분석하여 예서의 미적 가능성을 현재적인 관점에서 고찰하고, 나아가서는 서예가로서 금농과 이병수의 예서작품을 비교분석하여 예서의 미적 차이점을 구체화 한다. 나아가서 두 서예가의 예서가 한대(한자)의 예서를 전승함에도 불구하고 청시대의 예서사에 자리매김한 원인이 탐구되어야 한다. 따라서 한시대의 예서와 금농과 이병수의 예서체 그리고 서예의 사상과 그들의 서예작품은 예서를 비교 및 연구한다. 청시대의 서예가인 금능과 이병수 작품에 대한 비교분석은 예서의 역사적 그리고 미학적 판단에 중요한 화두를 제공한다. 이는 후세의 서예가들에게 예서체를 배울 수 있는 길을 마련했을 뿐만 아니라. 서예의 역사적 그리고 미학적 가치를 연구하는데 단초를 제공하기 때문이다.

• 산업진흥연구
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.165-170
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• 2020

본 논문의 국어제목은 "청대만몽동맹관계(淸代滿懜同盟關係) 특징에 관한 연구"이다. 본 연구는 17세기 초반 동아시아 명청전쟁이 진행되는 과정에서 청나라를 건국한 만주족이 어떻게 국력의 열세를 극복하였는지에 관해 서술하였다. 청나라는 총 12명의 황제를 배출하였다. 그 시호들을 살펴보면 한족의 이름, 몽골족의 이름, 만주족의 이름이 각각 독립된 개체로써 기록된다. 본론에서는 만주족들이 몽골과의 동맹에 대해 서술될 것이다. 연구결과, 만주족의 건주여진들은 명나라와의 전쟁을 진행하기 위해 몽골귀족들과 혼인을 통해 전략적인 동맹을 맺었다. 또한 팔기제도라는 것을 통해 사회구성원들을 전투에 최적화된 집단으로 재편하는데 성공했다. 이 팔기군 안에는 동맹을 맺은 몽골족과 전투중인 명나라의 귀순병들까지 포함시켜 명나라와 대적할 만한 전투 집단을 만들었다. 만주족들은 이 팔기제도와 몽골과의 혼인동맹을 통해 경제적으로나 군사적으로도 열세였던 명나라를 제압하고 결국에는 중국 전체를 통일하는 저력을 발휘했다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.249-266
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• 2015

The sauce and paste, which is collectively called as 'jang' in Korean is the staple seasoning of Korean cuisine. Although China shares some aspects of the Jang (醬), the exact types and forms are different. In this study, we explore the current Korean jang through the six culinary books- "Seongwonlog (醒園錄)", "Yangsolog (養小錄)", "Jojeongjip (調鼎集)", "Susiggeeumsigbo (隨息居飮食譜)", "Junggwerok (中饋錄)", and "Sosigseolyag (素食說略)" from the Qing Dynasty of China. The Jang of Qing Dynasty are further classified into the Chumjang (甛醬), Dusi (豆豆支), Chungjang (淸醬), and jangyou (醬油). To make these four types, the huangzi (黃子) has to be first made from the flour or beans, after which salt is added and sun-dried. Chumjang is the type of Chunjang used to make Zhajiangmian and is widely used in the Northern part of China. Like Chumjang, Dusi is made from flour and beans. Salt as well as various spices like Star anise, Chinese pepper and sesame are added. This type of paste is widely used in the Southern part of China. Chungjang is made when salt and water are added and sun-dried, after which it is filtered through an apparatus called Jangyou. The final product is sauce similar to today's soybean sauce.

• 한국의사학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.79-87
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• 2021

The civil service examination system is an important part of the history of education in East Asia. In China, the civil service examination system lasted for almost 1,300 years. Through this, each dynasty was able to prevent the concentration of power to the hereditary nobles and to give competent talents an opportunity to rise to an important position in the state. In terms of medical education, in China, doctors have already been selected through tests since the Song Dynasty. However, the actual cases of medical tests currently remaining in each dynasty are very rare. This paper, firstly, examines the implementation method of the medical test during the Qing Dynasty and examines how it influenced the merit rating. and secondly, this paper examines the actual cases of the remaining Qing medical exam questions, in terms of content, related to the medical text "Uijonggeumgam (醫宗金鑑)" and was influenced by the style of the civil service examination at that time.