• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.147-174
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• 2007

"Theory on the Sufficiency of Yang and the Deficiency of Yin(陽有餘陰不足論)" mainly instituted as follows: The 'Yang Qi(陽氣)' of the heaven(天) has changed to 'Qi(氣)', and the 'Yin Qi(陰氣)' of the earth(地) has changed to 'Xue(血)', 'Qi(氣)' is always sufficient and 'Xue(血)' is always deficient. 'The Always Sufficient Qi(氣常有餘)' means 'the fire always exists(常有火)', and 'the fire(火)' is 'the premier fire(相火)'. 'The premier fire(相火)' is always in men's body and causes 'activities(動)' which is the core characteristic in men's life, and in other side it always has opportunities to be made symptoms by 'the abnormal activities of the premier fire(相火妄動)'. In 'the always deficient Xue(血常不足)' , 'Xue(血)' is the 'Yin Qi(陰氣)' of liver and kidneys[肝腎] which is attached by 'the premier fire(相火)', as it means 'Xue(血)' and 'Jing(精)'. He suggested that 'the premier fire(相火)' is the power of human life, but if 'the premier fire(相火)' is not based on 'Yin Qi(陰氣)', it can not fulfill its function. So he thought that the maintenance and fulfillment of 'Yin Qi(陰氣)' is very important. In conclusion, "Theory on the Sufficiency of Yang and the Deficiency of Yin(陽有餘陰不足論)" explains the basic character of men's life which 'Dong Duo Jing Shao(動多靜少)', so 'the premier fire(相火)' which control 'the activities(動)' is always being and 'Jing Xue(精血)' which control 'Jing(靜)' is always scare.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.191-197
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• 2008

Objective : This study is to investigate the effect of Bojoongikki-tang on Acne patients Methods : We treated 3 acne patients diagnosed as the deficiency of Qi with Bojoongikki-tang(Buzhongyiqitang), comedon extraction by needle and stamp acupunctures. After treatments we compared the before and after photos, and estimated by Korean Acne Grading System(KAGS1-4). Results & Conclusions : After taking Bojoongikki-tang(Buzhongyiqi-tang) and extruding comedones by needle, the acne was improved. After stamp acupuncture, the acne scar was improved. This study shows that the acne can possibly be diagnosed as the deficiency of Qi. So further studies are needed continuously.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.158-168
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to present two case reports on the treatments of psoriasis with qi deficiency. Methods: We administered herbal medicine to two patients who showed psoriasis with overwork and evaluated the results by Psoriasis Area and Severity Index(PASI). Results: After the treatment two patients showed improvements in PASI. PASI of patient 1 changed from 11 to 1.6; patient 2 from 10.8 to 1. Conclusions: The results suggest that herbal medicine can be an effective treatment for psoriasis who has overwork.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.2 s.66
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• pp.23-35
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• 2006

Objectives : This study examined the reliability of disease mechanism diagnosis, to evaluate items of questionnaires and inquire about the relationships between disease mechanisms and 'diagnosis program' questionnaires used for the objective diagnosis of Oriental medicine in the department of Oriental OB&GYN, Oriental Medical Hospital of Dongeui University. Method : We analyzed the results of questionnaires from 3504 outpatients of OB&GYN disease at the Oriental Medical Hospital of Dongeui University from April 2000 to April 2005. Results & Conclusions : 1. The research questionnaire had 188 questions, the summary questionnaire 137, and the diagnosis questionnaire 80. 2. The reliability of all questionnaires shows above 90% in deficiency of qi, deficiency of Yin, insufficiency of Yang coldness heat syndrome liver and spleen kidney in all, 8 case disease mechanisms. These are higher in the diagnosis questionnaires than in the research questionnaires and the summary questionnaires, except for kidney disease mechanism. 3. Cronbach a of the questionnaires decreased, especially blood deficiency, phlegm, heat syndrome, and insufficiency of Yang; these 4 case disease mechanisms were lower than 0.6. 4. For degree of correspondence of meeting points, both. the diagnosis and the summary questionnaires were above 80% with the exception of the 2 case disease mechanisms heart and blood deficiency. The meeting points of both the diagnosis and research questionnaires were above 80% in the to case disease mechanisms deficiency of qi blood stasis deficiency of Yim insufficiency of Yang damp dryness liver spleen kidney phlegm. 5. The change in the result values of questionnaires was a decreased level of deficiency of qi heat syndrome phlegm damp kidney and raised level of coldness heart disorder of qi dryness 6. The computation degree of disease mechanism in DSOM(r) D.1.1 was much lower on phlegm deficiency of qi heat syndrome disorder of blood, somewhat lower on insufficiency of Yang and higher on coldness than in the two different questionnaires.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.211-243
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• 2000

This study was performed to investigate the cause, symptom, treatment, medicine of Wei symptom through the literature of oriental and western medicine. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Wei symptom is the symptom that reveals muscle relaxation without contraction and muscle relaxation occures in the lower limb or upper limb, in severe case, leads to death. 2. Since the pathology and etiology of Wei symptom was first described as "pe-yeol-yeop-cho"(肺熱葉焦) in Hung Ti Nei Ching(黃帝內經), for generations most doctors had have accepted it. but after Dan Ge(丹溪), it had been classified into seven causes, damp-heat(濕熱), phlegm-damp(濕痰), deficiency of qi(氣虛), deficiency of blood(血虛), deficiency of yin(陰處), stagnant blood(死血), stagnant food(食積). Chang Gyeng Ag(張景岳) added the cause of deficiency of source qi(元氣). 3. The concept of "To treat Yangming, most of all"(獨治陽明) was emphasized in the treatment of Wei symptom and contains nourishment of middle warmer energy(補益中氣), clearance of yangming-damp-heat(淸化陽明濕熱). 4. Since Nei-ching era(內經時代), Wei and Bi symptom(痺症) is differenciated according to the existence of pain. After Ming era(明代) appeared theory of co-existence of Wei symptom and pain or numbness but they were accepted as a sign of Wei symptom caused by the pathological factor phelgm(痰), damp(濕), stagnancy(瘀). 5. In the western medical point of view, Wei symptom is like paraplegia, or tetraplegia. and according to the causative disease, it is accompanied by dysesthesia, paresthsia, pain. thus it is more recommended to use hwal-hyel-hwa-ae(活血化瘀) method considering damp-heat(濕熱), qi deficiency of spleen and stornach(脾胃氣虛) as pathological basis than to simply differenciate Wei and Bi symptom according to the existence of pain. 6. The cause of Gullian-Barre syndrome(GBS) is consist of two factors, internal and external. Internal factors include asthenia of spleen and stomach, and of liver and kidney. External factors include summur-damp(暑濕), damp-heat(濕熱), cold-damp(寒濕) and on the basis of "classification and treatment according to the symptom of Zang-Fu"(臟腑辨證論治), the cause of GBS is classified into injury of body fluid by lung heat(肺熱傷津), infiltration of damp-heat(濕熱浸淫), asthenia of spleen and kidney(脾腎兩虛), asthenia of spleen and stomach(脾胃虛弱), asthenia of liver and kidney (肝腎兩虛). 7. The cause of GBS is divided by according to the disease developing stage: Early stage include dryness-heat(燥熱), damp(濕邪), phlegm(痰濁), stagnant blood(瘀血), and major treatment is reducing of excess(瀉實). Late stage include deficiency of essence(精虛), deficiency with excess(虛中挾實), and essencial deficiency of liver and kidney(肝腎精不足) is major point of treatment. 8. Following is the herbal medicine of GBS according to the stage. In case of summur-damp(暑濕), chung-seu-iki-tang(淸暑益氣湯) is used which helps cooling and drainage of summer-damp(淸利暑濕), reinforcement of qi and passage of collateral channels(補氣通絡). In case of damp-heat, used kun-bo-hwan(健步丸), In case of cool-damp(寒濕), used 'Mahwang-buja-sesin-tang with sam-chul-tang'(麻黃附子細辛湯合蓼朮湯). In case of asthenia of spleen and kidney, used 'Sam-lyeng-baik-chul san'(蔘笭白朮散), In case of asthenia of liver and kidney, used 'Hojam-hwan'(虎潛丸). 9. Following is the herbal medicine of GBS according to the "classification and treatment according to the symptom of Zang-Fu"(臟腑辨證論治). In the case of injury of body fluid by lung heat(肺熱傷津), 'Chung-jo-gu-pae-tang'(淸燥救肺湯) is used. In case of 'infiltration of damp-heat'(濕熱浸淫), us-ed 'Yi-myo-hwan'(二妙丸), In case of 'infiltration of cool-damp'(寒濕浸淫), us-ed 'Yui-lyung-tang', In case of asthenia of spleen, used 'Sam-lyung-bak-chul-san'. In case of yin-deficiency of liver and kidney(肝腎陰虛), used 'Ji-bak-ji-hwang-hwan'(知柏地黃丸), or 'Ho-jam-hwan'(虎潛丸). 10. Cervical spondylosis with myelopathy is occuered by compression or ischemia of spinal cord. 11. The cause of cervical spondylosis with myelopathy consist of 'flow disturbance of the channel points of tai-yang'(太陽經兪不利), 'stagnancy of cool-damp'(寒濕凝聚), 'congestion of phlegm-damp stagnant substances'(痰濕膠阻), 'impairment of liver and kidney'(肝腎虛損). 12. In treatment of cervical spondylosis with myelopathy, are used 'Ge-ji-ga-gal-geun-tang-gagam'(桂枝加葛根湯加減), 'So-hwal-lack-dan-hap-do-hong-eum-gagam(小活絡丹合桃紅飮加減), 'Sin-tong-chuck-ue-tang-gagam(身痛逐瘀湯加減), 'Do-dam-tang-hap-sa-mul-tang-gagam'(導痰湯合四物湯加減), 'Ik-sin-yang-hyel-guen-bo-tang'(益腎養血健步湯加減), 'Nok-gakyo-hwan-gagam'(鹿角膠丸加減). 13. The cause of muscle dystropy is related with 'the impairement of vital qi'(元氣損傷), and 'impairement of five Zang organ'(五臟敗傷). Symptoms and signs are classified into asthenia of spleen and stomach, deficiency with excess, 'deficiency of liver and kidney'(肝腎不足) infiltration of damp-heat, 'deficiency of qi and blood'(氣血兩虛), 'yang deficiency of spleen and kidney'(脾腎陽虛). 14. 'Bo-jung-ik-gi-tang'(補中益氣湯), 'Gum-gang-hwan'(金剛丸), 'Yi-gong-san-hap-sam-myo-hwan'(異功散合三妙丸), 'Ja-hyel-yang-gun-tang'(滋血養筋湯), 'Ho-jam-hwan'(虎潛丸) are used for muscle dystropy. 15. The causes of myasthenia gravis are classified into 'insufficiency of middle warmer energy'(中氣不足), 'deficiency of qi and yin of spleen and kidney'(脾腎兩處), 'asthenia of qi of spleen'(脾氣虛弱), 'deficiency of qi and blood'(氣血兩虛), 'yang deficiency of spleen and kidney'(脾腎陽虛). 16. 'Bo-jung-ik-gi-tang-gagam'(補中益氣湯加減), 'Sa-gun-ja-tang-hap-gi-guk-yang-hyel-tang'(四君子湯合杞菊地黃湯), 'Sa-gun-ja-tang-hap-u-gyi-eum-gagam'(四君子湯合右歸飮加減), 'Pal-jin-tang'(八珍湯), 'U-gyi-eum'(右歸飮) are used for myasthenia gravis.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.410-417
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• 2004

Fever is a rise in body temperature from any of a variety of causes. One might even feel a fever when body temperature is normal. An imbalance of Yin and Yang due to exogenous pathogenic factors or internal damage is usually considered the cause of fever in Oriental Medicine. Fever from deficiency of Qi is one of the major components of the theory of fever due to internal damage. Clinically, such cases are usually encountered along with wasting diseases and fever does not run high. The compliment of Qi is usually considered the appropriate treatment in these cases. Oriental Medical treatment was performed using herbal medicine after the cause of fever was diagnosed as deficiency of Qi. The herb medicine used in these cases was mainly Bojoongikki-tang(補中益氣湯). Through those treatments good results were seen. More clinical case reports are needed.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.8-19
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• 2017

This study on "Wenbingtiaobian" covers identifying pattern of prescription, understanding system of multiple syndrome differentiations, characteristics of treatment and medicinal substances. The source books are "Korean translation of Wenbingtiaobian", "Modern Shanghanlun", "Jinkuiyaolueyishi", "Chinese Medicine Formulas". "Wenbingtiaobian" has system of multiple patterns including three energizer syndrome differentiation, classification of disease, six meridian syndrome differentiation and wei-qi-ying-xue syndrome differentiation. That describes cause, location, nature, power and transmutation of disease. Wei-qi-ying-xue pattern is meaningful to warm-heat disease and three energizer pattern is relevant to dampness-heat disease. The warm disease shows mostly yang brightness bowel syndrome and patterns of three yin viscera. In aspect of the heat disease, qi aspect pattern makes up the largest number of syndrome differentiation and have sometimes with bowel excess or fluid deficiency. And treatment for wei aspect pattern is primarily 'outthrust the pathogen with pungent-cool'. Deficiency cold pattern and cold pattern with dampness occupy most of cold patterns. And many dampness patterns are dampness-heat pattern in middle energizer and 'inhibited lung qi transforming' is major mechanism. Patterns with fluid deficiency in qi aspect syndrome appear mostly in upper or middle energizer and in xue aspect syndrome appear mostly in lower energizer and they form 20% of all syndrome differentiations. The treatment of clearing heat uses pungent-cool(cold) for upper energizer, sweet-cold for middle energizer, sweet(salty)-cold for lower energizer. The treatment of tonifying yin uses mostly salty-cold for middle or lower energizer. The treatment of outthrusting pathogen is applied to all the wei-qi-ying-xue aspect combined with other treatments by using pungent-cool(cold) and light herbs. Understanding diseases in the respect of syndrome differentiation can enhance understanding of modern diseases from a perspective of Korean Traditional Medicinal(KTM) and can make clinical application of KTM treatments easy. Data from this study are expected to be basic for standardization and systemization of KTM.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.303-324
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• 2017

Objectives : Consumptive is an unhealthy condition that are caused by lack of blood and essence, and that means also some stages of chronic diseases. The purpose of this study is to analysis 108 Prescriptions of Consumptive part in Dongui Bogam. Methods : The 108 Prescriptions of Consumptive part in Dongui Bogam analysed frequency of basic prescriptions, symptoms of prescriptions and the pathology. Results : Ssangbohwan, Yiuihwan, Gamrihwan were used for tonifying were mostly used as basic prescriptions in whole Consumptive part respectively. There are common symptoms in consumptive part in Dongui Bogam. That symptoms are "tidal fever, night sweating, nocturnal emission, cough, sputum, skinny body, weak pulse, spontaneous sweating, deafness, dim vision and tuberculosis". Qi blood(yin yang) pathologies in prescriptions on consumptive part are "yin deficiency, yin deficiency with effulgent fire, yang qi deficiency, dual damage of qi and blood, non-interaction between fire and water, collapse of yang and exhaustion of yin, less blood". viscera and bowels pathologies in prescriptions on consumptive part are "heart and kidney deficiency, spleen-stomach weakness, spleen and kidney great deficiency, weakness of kidney qi, meridian waste in heart, spleen and kidney, damage in heart and lung". Conclusions : As a result of Study on Analysis all Prescriptions of Consumptive part in Dongui Bogam, We can understand more about basic prescriptions, symptoms of prescriptions and the pathology that are using for curing consumptive. We expected that this study will can help to give rationale for future study of consumptive caring.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.76-81
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to build the diagnosis criteria of Qi deficiency using distribution of sum of 11 items for Qi deficiency in stroke patients. Between September 2006 and December 2010, 2,994 patients from 11 Korean medical hospitals were asked to complete the Korean Standard Pattern Identification for Stroke (K-SPI-Stroke) questionnaire as a part of project 'Fundamental study for the standardization and objectification of pattern identification in traditional Korean medicine for stroke (SOPI-Stroke). Each patient was independently diagnosed by two experts (traditional Korean medicine physicians) from the same site according to one of five patterns. 2,994 patients were divided modeling and testing in 70:30 ratio by stratification of pattern identification. We calculated the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and odds ratio (OR) using distribution of sum of 11 items (signs and symptoms) for Qi deficiency. More than four from 11 items of Qi deficiency in modeling dataset, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and OR was 70.07%, 74.94%, 73.92% and 7.00, respectively. In testing dataset, 78.31%, 73.45%, 74.47% and 9.98, respectively. Although this values are not high, after values of sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and OR should be more than current value, and then we should be able to suggest as objective diagnosing criteria.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.91-108
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• 2020

Objectives : To study the shu points selection of the Four Seas in the 「Hailun」 chapter of 『Lingshu』. Methods : The effects and main indications of each shu point, their anatomical position, characteristics along with similarities of disease patterns according to excessiveness and deficiency of the Four Seas were examined. Results : The selection of shu points of the Four Seas were deeply related to the effects and main indications, and the common similarity among conditions due to excessiveness and deficiency was the presence of psychological aspects. Also, when the Four Seas are connected to the Jing-Qi-Shen and Blood, marrow sea[髓海] is connected to Jing & Shen, qi sea[氣海] is connected to Qi, blood sea[血海] is connected to Blood, and sea of water and grain[水穀之海] replenishes Jing-Qi-Shen and Blood. When connected to the Four Qi Intersections, the marrow sea is connected to 'head qi with intersection', qi sea is connected to 'chest qi with intersection', sea of water and grain or blood sea is connected to 'stomach qi with intersection', otherwise sea of water and grain is connected to 'shin qi with intersection'. Conclusions : The Four Seas are designated to the shu points due to their accumulation of Qi when the main elements of Jing-Qi-Shen and Blood are deficient or excessive, allowing for the most convenient management and manipulation of the condition of these main elements. In clinical practice, the shu points of the Four Seas will likely increase treatment efficacy for conditions that include psychological aspects.