• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.592-613
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• 2013

This study was carried out to analyze the vegetation properties, soil characteristic, and ordination of forest in Hongdo island and the results are as follows: Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii community, Quercus acuta community, Machilus thunbergii community, Pinus densiflora community and Carpinus coreana community. The results of importance value on the vegetation of Hongdo island consisted of the following in order: 75.56% of Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii, the highest, 34.84% of Pinus densiflora, 29.11% of Machilus thunbergii, 26.88% of Camellia japonica, 17.79% of Quercus acuta, 15.23% of Dendropanax morbifera, 13.41% of Ligustrum japonicum, 12.67% of Carpinus coreana. Due to the high organic matter, total nitrogen and low pH, the soil properties of Hongdo island are different from those of other forest in Korea. The composition of soil properties in the same areas are as follows: organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorous, exchangeable $K^+$, exchangeable $Ca^{2+}$, exchangeable $Mg^{2+}$ contained, and soil pH. The capacities of these chemical properties of the soil ranged from 14.48~25.45%, 0.49~0.90%, 26.00~58.68 mg/kg, $0.64{\sim}1.64cmol^+/kg$, $6.22{\sim}21.5cmol^+/kg$, $2.92{\sim}6.95cmol^+/kg$, and 4.42~5.44 respectively. The results of the correlation between communities and soil conditions of vegetation of Hongdo island by DCCA ordination method are as follows: Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii community was found in the highest soil moisture and followed in order Machilus thunbergii community, Quercus acuta community. The Machilus thunbergii community was found in the highest pH, exchangeable $Ca^{2+}$, exchangeable $Mg^{2+}$, exchangeable $K^+$ and cation exchange capacity. The Carpinus coreana community was found in the highest elevation, total nitrogen, cation exchange capacity, exchangeable $Mg^{2+}$ and followed in order Pinus densiflora community.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.335-357
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• 2014

This study aims at classifying and interpreting on the vegetation structure and the vegetation transition over 25 years (between 1986 and 2010), and the correlation with the change of some conditions (the vegetation height and coverage on each layer and the climate factors as WI, CI, mean annual temperature, mean annual total precipitation etc.) in the Evergreen Broad-Leaved Forest,, Hong-Do island. The EBLF is classified into five units of vegetation (Hedera rhombea-Machilus thunbergii community (M-M comm.), Castanopsis sieboldii forest (Machilus japonica-Castanopsis sieboldii community; Raphiolepis indica var. umbellata-C. sieboldii community), community (Qa comm.), Carpinus turczaninovii community (Ct comm.), Camellia japonica stand (Cj stand)). The vegetation transition by CCA had high correlation with the height and coverage on each layer and the climate factors, and it did the succession (transition) that the M-M comm. (2010) from Mallotus japonicus community Machilus thunbergii community Carpinus coreana community (Cc comm.) Aucuba japonica community (Aj comm.) Trachelos permum asiaticum var. intermedium-Quercus acuta community (TQ comm.) (1986), the communities of C. sieboldii forest (2010) from Aj comm. TQ comm. Raphiolepis umbellata-Camellia japonica community (RC comm.) (1986), the Qa comm. (2010) from Ardisia japonica-Castanopsis sieboldii community (AC comm.) and TQ comm. (1986), the Ct comm. (2010) from Cc comm. RC comm. Aj comm. Quercus serrata community and the Cj stand (2010) from AC comm. (1986). the height and coverage on each layer are also changed.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.10a
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• pp.58-58
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 자생 참나무속 2종의 몇 가지 저광량 조건하에서 생육 및 엽록소 형광 반응을 조사하였다. 연구의 재료는 참가시나무(Quercus salicina Blume)와 붉가시나무(Q. acuta Thunb.)의 2년생 실생묘를 사용하였다. 다양한 실내 광환경조건을 조사하여 광량을 10, 50, 100 및 200 PPFD (${\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$)로 설정하였으며, 실험기간 동안 광주기(12/12 h), 온도($25{\pm}1^{\circ}C$) 및 습도($55{\pm}3%$)를 동일하게 설정하여 총 8주간 재배하였다. 대조구는 유리온실에서 동일기간 동안 재배된 식물을 사용하였다. 연구의 결과, 참가시나무는 50 PPFD 이하에서 전체 식물 중 50%가 잎이 마르며 떨어지는 경향을 보였으며, 100 PPFD에서도 25%의 잎마름이 관찰되었다. 200 PPFD는 줄기직경을 제외한 초장, 엽수, 엽장, 엽폭 및 엽록소 함량(SPAD)이 대조구와 유사하거나 높았으며, 엽록소 형광 반응에서도 모든 측정값이 대조구와 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 붉가시나무는 50 PPFD 이상의 광량에서는 줄기직경, 엽수, 엽장 및 SPAD가 대조구와 유사하거나 높은 결과를 보였으나, 모든 광량조건에서 초장과 엽폭이 대조구에 비해 유의적으로 낮았다. 엽록소 형광 반응은 모든 광량에서 대조구와 비슷한 양상을 보였으나, 10 PPFD는 초기형광값(Fo)과 비광학적 에너지의 손실(DIo/RC)이 대조구에 비해 유의적으로 낮은 결과를 보였다.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.372-380
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• 2014

BACKGROUND: This study was carried out in order to closely examine the influence of fertilization upon growth in container of seedling in indeciduous Quercus species (Q. mysinaefolia, Q. acuta and Q. glauca). METHODS AND RESULTS: Fertilizer level was made by adjusting water soluble compound fertilizer (N:P:K=19: 19:19, v/v) to 1000, 2000, $3000mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ level along with non-fertilizing plot. Fertilization increased height, root collar diameter growth, and dry weight in these three species of trees. The more increase in fertilizer level led to the more rise even in growth of these species. H/D ratio and T/R ratio also showed tendency of getting bigger in the more rise in fertilizer level. Photosynthetic rate was shown to get higher in the higher fertilizer level according to fertilization in all the three species. In the analysis of root morphological traits, the total root length was surveyed to be longer in the more rise in fertilizer concentration. As even a case of root project area, surface area, and root volume is the similar tendency to characteristics in the total root length, a rise depending on fertilization was observed. CONCLUSION: In light of the results in this experiment, the fertilizer level is judged to be $2000mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ level that is proper for production of 1-year-old container seedling in indeciduous Quercus species with excellent root development and high seedling quality index.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.3-19
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• 1978

Five species, Abies koreana Wilson (A. koreana), Castanopsis cuspidata var. Sieboldii Nakai (C. Cuspidata). Machilus thunbergii Sieb. et Zucc. (M. thunbergii), Styrax japonica (S. japonica), and Quercus acuta Thunberg(Q. acuta) growing in the southern part of Korea were selected for the investigation of wood properties. In order to evaluate the wood properties of these five species, anatomical, physical, mechanical, chemical and pulping characteristics were investigated. And this study also covered wood technological problems related to the drying, gluing, debarking, flooring, and wood workability so that these species might serve to the best advantage. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. The trunk of A. koreana with many knots was straight. However, the trunks of S. japonica and C. cuspidata were crooked. 2. A. koreana showed the longest and the widest ill the fiber morphology; 2.97mm in length, 39.3${\mu}$ in width. In general, fiber width of all the species investigated were greater than those of other Korean hardwoods. 3. The specific gravity of Q. acuta was 0.74${\pm}$0.03, and that of A.koreana was 0.34${\pm}$0.02. The range of specific gravity of the other species was 0.47-0.52. 4. The adsorption of water was propotioned inversely with the specific gravity, but the adsorption of humidity was proportioned with the specific gravity. In spite of their medium density, S. japonica showed the greatest adsorption, and M. thunbergii the least. The water adsorption of cross section was twice greater than that of lateral direction, and there was a slight difference in between the radial and the tangential direction. 5. Shrinkage for tested five species was ranged from 5.36 to 10.24% in tangential direction, and 2.83~6.13% in radial direction. Q. acuta recorded the greatest shrinkage rate, and A. koreana the least. The greater was the specific gravity, the larger was the shrinkage rate. 6. The mechanical properties of Q. acuta were similar to those of Quercus mongolica which grow in Kangwon-Do. Strength properties of C. cuspidata, M. thunbergii, A. koreana were equivalent to those of other Korean commercial woods with similar specific gravity, except S. japonica which showed slightly higher strength than that of other species with similar density. 7. Higher glue joint strength for urea and phenol adhesieves was recorded in the species of M. thunbergii and C. cuspidata, however, high-density species(Q. acuta) and even low-density species(A. koreana) did not show good joint strength. 8. The attractive figure of M. thunbergii in texture seemed to he appreciated for decoration. And the grain and texture of other species were proper for furniture and building materials. 9. All of the species except Q. acuta were considered good for wood workability. 10. The denser the specific gravity was, the longer the drying time took. However, severe drying defects were formed in M. thunbergii whose density was medium. 11. All the species were considered suitable for the flooring wood expect A. koreana whose density was light. 12. Pentosan component in all the species was great, and the amount of extractives in Q. acuta was worth noticing. 13. Yield in kraft pulp was above the level of economic pulp yield, i.e. 45% in all species. 14. Debarking was easy in the species of A. koreana and M. thunbergii, and debarking after being boiled in water was the most efficient in all species.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.459-476
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• 1993

Vegetational structure and successional sere were investigated for the evergreen and nearby deciduous broad-leaved forests in inland areas (Turyunsan, Pulgapsan) and south- western island areas (Hongdo, Chindo). The evergreen broad-leaved forests of the four areas showed a sera1 stage with an age structure mostly under fifty years old. Dominant evergreen broad-leaved species in canopy layer were Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii, Machilus thunbergii, Quercus acuta, Q. stenophylla, Q. glauca, and Ncolitsea serzceu. Succession of the forest vegetation in the surveyed areas was proceeding from deciduous broad-leaved trees to evergreen broad-leaved trees. The species of climax stage were assumed to be Machilus thunbergii, iVeolitseu sericea and Dendropanax morbifera in canopy layer, Aucuba japonica and Machilus japonica in subtree and shrub layer.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.979-997
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• 2013

This study aims at classifying and interpreting on the vegetation structure, the correlation between a vegetation and an environment, a species diversity and a life-form of Evergreen Broad-Leaved Forest(EBLF) located in Gageo-do Island. It is also the objective that the estimation of vegetation change founded on the species composition and characteristics. The vegetation of EBLF was classified into three forests or four community units as Machilus thunbergii forest (Polystichum polyblepharon-M. thunbergii community and Phaenosperma globosum-M. thunbergii community), Ilex integra-Castanopsis sieboldii community, Quercus acuta community and Neolitsea sericea stand. The ordination analysis by DCA is analogous with the vegetation structure analysis. As a result of the correlation (Pearson's correlation coefficient) with environmental conditions, the Altitude has the significance with the distribution of communities. The total vegetation change by progress of succession will not be wandered away from the present vegetation structure practically, and the vegetation on the underlayers will be a little changed.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.345-351
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• 2012

In this study, 49 Korean herbal medicines have been investigated with an in vitro evaluation system using glycation end products (AGEs) formation inhibitory activity. Of these, 18 herbal medicines ($IC_{50}$ < $50{\mu}g/ml$) were found to have significant AGEs formation inhibitory activity. Of these, five herbal medicines ($IC_{50}$ < $50{\mu}g/ml$) were found to have significant AGEs formation inhibitory activity. Particularly, Mallotus japonicus (twigs and leaves), Rhus javanica (twigs and leaves), Boehmeria nivea (whole plants), Quercus acuta (stems), and Eurya japonica (stems) showed more potent inhibitory activity (approximately 9-37 fold) than the positive control aminoguanidine ($IC_{50}=76.47{\mu}g/ml$).

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.296-308
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• 2002

The vascular plants in Mt. Cheongwan, Jangheung-gun, Jeollanam-do, were consisted of 599 taxa; 117 families, 366 genus, 519 species, 76 varieties and 4 forma. From the floristic point of view, Mt. Cheongwan is distributed to both the evergreen trees as Pteris mulfida, Dryopteris bissetiana, Torreya nucifera, Cephlotaxus koreana, Neolitsea sericea, Quercus acuta, Hedera rhombea, Fatsia japonica, Camellia japonica, Eurya japonica, Thea sinensis, Acorus gramineus, Pseudosasa japonica and Sasa borealis, and the deciduous subtropical trees such as Carpinus coreana, Aphanth aspera, Orixa japonica, and Lygodium japonicum And it is worth special mention to be discovered Selaginella rossii, Corylopsis coreana, Stewartia koreana, Asarum sieboldii, Viola orientals, and Drosera royundifolia. The Specific plants which is categorized to the Degree by the Ministry of Environment recorded as 45 taxa; 1 species each for the Degree II, IV and V, 5 species for the Degree III, and 37 species for the Degree I.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.31 no.11
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• pp.901-910
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• 2022

The aim of this study was to investigate the amount (i.e., retention volume) and chemical composition of Natural volatile organic compounds (NVOCs) across different sites in a temperate forest. The three forest sites that were considered include riparian zones (site 1), streams (site 2), and densely-canopied areas (site 3). From May to October 2021, a mini pump was used to measure the collected NVOCs. These measurements were conducted once a month, from 10:30 am to 11:30 am; these times encompass peak visitation times. In the tree layers of the site 1 and 2, Quercus acuta was dominant, whereas Camellia japonica dominated their subtree layers. On the other hand, the tree layer of site 3 was dominated by Castanopsis sieboldii, whereas Camellia japonica dominated its subtree layer. The retention volume and chemical composition of NVOCs was as follows: benzaldehyde (107.528ppm), α-pinene (37.868ppm), linalool (16.258ppm), eucalyptol (14.818ppm), and sabinene hydrate (14.679ppm). In particular, the retention volume of benzaldehyde decreased as temperature increased. In contrast, the retention volume of α-pinene increased as the temperature increased. The differences in forest topography across the studies sites were in the following order: riparian area> forest area> stream area.