• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.60-66
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• 2006

With the species composition table, the forest community of Mt. Yeonginsan were classified into Quercus mongolica community, Pinus densiflora community, and Quercus acutissima community. The importance value of the study community was 73.55, 36.28, 29.87, 25.07, 24.88, and 21.25 in Quercus mongolica, Quercus serrata, Pinus densiflora, Pinus rigida, Larix leptolepis, and Quercus acutissima, respectively. According to breast diameter analysis, the importance value of Quercus mongolica, Quercus acutissima and Quercus serrata continuously increase.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2004

Domestic oak trees of Quercus variabilis and Quercus serrata were harvested from several forest sites and their green moisture contents, green specific gravities and fiber lengths were compared. The green specific gravities of Quercus serrata trees showed differences between the forest sites at 5% significance level while those of Quercus variabilis didn't. In the radial direction the green specific gravities of Quercus variabilis gradually increased from pith to bark. There was no discrepancy of the green specific gravities between the sapwood and heartwood of Quercus variabilis. And no difference of fiber length was found between individual trees and tree heights for both species.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.297-303
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• 2002

본 연구는 대전에 위치한 갑하산과 우산봉의 산림식생 현황을 파악하기 위해 2001년 6월부터 9월까지 총 62개의 조사구를 선정하여 중요치와 흉고직경급 및 ordination 분석을 실시하였다. TWINSPAN 방법으로 식생을 분류한 결과 신갈나무군락, 소나무군락, 굴참나무군락, 상수리나무군락으로 구분되었다. 4개의 군락에서 중요치를 분석한 결과는 소나무, 굴참나무, 신갈나무, 졸참나무, 때죽나무 등의 순으로 나타났다. 흉고직경급 분석 결과 현재 소나무와 굴참나무가 우점하고 있으나, 앞으로 신갈나무, 졸참나무, 산벚나무 등의 중요치가 증가할 것으로 판단된다. Ordination을 분석한 결과 신갈나무군락은 해발고가 높고, 경사가 급한 지역에 분포하고 있으며, 소나무군락은 해발고가 비교적 높고 경사가 중간인 지역에 분포하고 있다. 굴참나무군락은 해발고가 낮고 경사가 완만한 지역에 분포하고 있으며, 상수리나무군락은 해발고가 가장 낮고 경사가 비교적 완만한 지역에 분포하고 있다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.1-7
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• 1999

지리산 연기암과 임걸령 지역의 산림 식생을 파악하기 위하여 TWINSPAN 방법을 사용하여 군락을 분류하고 산림군락의 구조를 분석하였다. 연기암 지역의 산림 식생은 서어나무-졸참나무군락, 소나무-때죽나무군락, 갈참나무-서어나무군락, 갈참나무-졸참나무군락으로 분류되고, 임걸령 지역의 산림식생은 신갈나무-서어나무군락, 신갈나무-당단풍군락, 신갈나무-구상나무군락, 신갈나무-철쭉군락으로 분류되었다. 연기암 지역에서 중요치 높은 종은 소나무, 서어나무, 졸참나무, 갈참나무, 굴참나무 등의 순이며, 임걸령 지역에서 중요치가 높은 종은 신갈나무, 구상나무, 당단풍, 철쭉, 피나무 등의 순이다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.62-67
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• 2004

Forest community structure analysis in the Seooreung area, Goyang-si was carried out to supply basic data for reasonable management and conservation. The forest vegetation of the Seooreung area was classified into Alnus japonica community, Quercus mongolica - Carpinus laxiflora community, Quercus serrata community, and Pinus densiflora community. The dominant species in the area were in the order of Quercus mongolica, Quercus serrata, Robinia pseudoacacia, Quercus variabilis, Quercus aliena, Styrax japonica, Pinus rigida, and Alnus hirsuta. According to the DBH analysis result, Pinus densiflora was dominance species in Tomb area. Pinus rigida had a density of normal distribution style in the entire forests, therefore, their dominance are expected to continue for now. However, Quercus serrata is expected to extend their influence in the future in competition with Pinus rigida. Quercus mongolica had a density of normal distribution style in the Quercus mongolica - Carpinus laxiflora community, therefore, their dominance are expected to continue for now. Carpinus laxiflora is expected to extend their influence in the future in competition with Quercus mongolica. The relationship between the distribution of dominant species of forest vegetation and soil condition in Seooreung area was investigated by analyzing soil nutrition and moisture gradient. Alnus hirsuta community was distributed in the mesic and medium nutrition area and Quercus mongolica - Carpinus laxiflora community in the serix and relative good nutrition area. Pinus densiflora community was distributed in the serix and poor nutrition area and Quercus serrata community in the subserix and medium nutrition area.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.118-129
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• 2011

In this study, species resistant to forest fire were extracted from high trees through an investigation of combustion mechanism. Here, the average flameless ignition temperatures of living leaves, branches and barks of oak were respectively, $365^{\circ}C$, $440^{\circ}C$ and $435^{\circ}C$, and the average flameless ignition temperatures of living leaves, branches, barks and cones of pine tree were respectively, $320^{\circ}C$, $405^{\circ}C$, $435^{\circ}C$ and $363^{\circ}C$. It shows that generally, pine tree has a lower flameless ignition temperature than oak and thus, has a relatively high risk of flameless ignition. When comparing risk of fire depending on ignition characteristics, Quercus serrata had a low risk of stem fire, and Quercus acutissima and Quercus serrata had a low risk of crown fire, as well. When analysing risk of fire depending on a duration of flame, also, Quercus dentata had a low risk of stem fire, and Quercus variabilis Blume had a low risk of crown fire too. Lastly, when comparing risk of fire, according to heat release rates, Quercus acutissima had a low risk of stem fire, and Quercus acutissima and Quercus dentata had a low risk of crown fire, as well. In conclusion, it was observed that as fire-resistant species, Quercus serrata and Quercus dentata have a low risk of ignition, Quercus variabilis Blume has a short duration of flame after discharging ignition when a forest fire occurs, and Quercus acutissima, Pinus Rigida and Antipathes japonica Brook have low heat release rates.

• 농촌계획
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.15-25
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• 2011

This paper is to contribute for management and restoration as a basic study of vegetation structure in Aemirang Hill, Nakdongjeongmaek. To verify the characteristics of vegetation structure, we set up 25 plots($100m^2$). The result of community analysis was used by TWINSPAN classification. The communities were classified 7 types i.e. Quercus variabilis community, Quercus mongolica community, Pinus densiflora community, Pinus densiflora-Quercus mongolica community, Q. mongolica-Quercus variabilis community, Quercus mongolica-Betula davurica community, Larix leptolepis community. Pinus densiflora community and Pinus densiflora-Quercus mongolica community are progressively transforming a Quercus mongolica community that is called Pinus densiflora next succession stage. Whereas the communities that has dominant Quercus variabilis and Quercus mongolica did not appear a next generation succession tree such as Carpinus laxiflora, Carpinus cordata in the under story and shrub layer. Therefore, Aemirang Hill's ecological succession was to maintain the status condition. Aemirang Hill's diversity index is 0.5738 to 0.8906. It were analyzed that diversity index was lower than other places.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.15-34
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• 2021

Syntaxonomy and Synecology on Quercus variabilis forests in Daecheong-dam basin was carried out using the methods of Braun-Blanquet phytosociology. 6 syntaxa classified as species compositions described were Quercus variabilis community, Platycarya strobilacea-Quercus variabilis community(typicum subcommunity, dictamnus dasycarpus subcommunity), Quercetum variabili-serratae, Zelkova serrata-Quercus variabilis community and Dendranthema boreale-Quercus variabilis community. All syntaxa were shown habitat environmental conditions including steep inclination of more than 30°, high rock exposure rate of more than 50% and South-facing slope. These communities excepting Dendranthema boreale-Quercus variabilis community classified as natural vegetation were identified as low emergence rate of annual plants and species compositions composed native species, so it was confirmed that relatively natural succession were proceeding well. Quercetum variabili-serratae and Dendranthema boreale-Quercus variabilis community distributed forested hillslope of open water edge were representative Quercus variabilis syntaxa in Daecheong-dam basin.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권8호
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• pp.1120-1126
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• 2006

Dry matter (DM) degradation of leaves from Quercus cercis, Quercus libari, Quercus branti, and Quercus coccifera was determined using two different techniques: (i) in vitro gas production and (ii) the nylon bag degradability technique. In vitro gas production in the presence or absence of PEG and in situ DM disappearance were measured at 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. In situ and in vitro DM degradation kinetics were described using the equation y = a+b ($1-e^{-ct}$). At all incubation times leaves from Quercus branti incubated with or without PEG gave significantly higher gas production than the other oak leaves except for 3 and 6 h incubation when leaves from Quercus branti without PEG supplementation only gave higher gas production than Quercus cercis and Quercus coccifera. At all incubation times except at 3, 6 and 12 h the DM disappearance from Quercus branti was significantly higher than the other species. Generally, PEG supplementation considerably increased the gas production at all incubation times and estimated parameters such as gas production rate ($c_{gas}$), gas production (ml) from the quickly soluble fraction ($a_{gas}$), gas production (b) from the insoluble fraction, potential gas production (a+b). However, all oak leaves did not give the same response to the PEG supplementation. Although the increase in gas production at 96 h incubation time was 8.9 ml for Quercus libari the increase was 5.5 ml for Quercus coccifera. It was concluded that except at early incubation times the relationships between the two methodologies seem to be sufficiently strong to predict degradability parameters from gas production parameters obtained in the presence or absence of PEG.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.432-441
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• 2007

본 연구는 Z. -M. 학파의 식물사회학적 연구방법에 의해 충북지역의 박달산, 계명산, 보련산, 월악산, 천등산, 조령산, 국망산, 부용산, 두타산, 만뢰산, 미동산, 감악산, 시루봉, 십자봉, 용산봉 일대의 산지대 하부의 참나무림을 분류하고 그 환경조건을 해석할 목적으로 실시하였다. 이 일대의 참나무림 식생은 A. 굴참나무군락(Quercus variabilis community), A-1. 상수리나무하위군락(Quercus acutissima subcommunity), A-2. 전형하위군락(Typical subcommunity), B. 신갈나무군락(Quercus mongolica community), C. 떡갈나무군락(Quercus dentata community)으로 구분되었다. 이들 식생단위는 인위 및 해발과 같은 환경복합의 경도에 의해 배비되었으며, 종의 우점도에 근거한 집괴분석(군평균법)의 결과와도 비교적 잘 일치하였다.