• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.342-350
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was done to identify the awareness of gender equality among nursing college students, and to provide basic data for educational solutions and desirable directions. Methods: A Q-methodology which provides a method of analyzing the subjectivity of each item was used. 34 selected Q-statements from each of 20 women nursing college students were classified into a shape of normal distribution using 9-point scale. Subjectivity on the equality among genders was analyzed by the pc-QUANL program. Results: Four types of awareness of gender equality in nursing college students were identified. The name for type I was 'pursuit of androgyny', for type II, 'difference-recognition', for type III, 'human-relationship emphasis', and for type IV, 'social-system emphasis'. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that different approaches to educational programs on gender equality are recommended for nursing college students based on the four types of gender equality awareness.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.32-43
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• 1999

This study is to classify subjectification and the perceived health of the elderly according to Q-methodology and to provide basic materials for health promotion of the elderly. In this study, 28 elderly people residing in Seoul classified 33 selected statements in to 9 standards. The material taken from this process resulted in 4 types by the analysis using a PC QUANL program. Case 1 thought that religion was important for their health. Case 2 were go-getters they thought they felt healthy at work. Case 3 took a serious view of their relationships with other people. Case 4 centered around the couple, and thought it important to live with their life's companion.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2001

This study. aimed to categorize attitude of smoking behaviors among female student smokers and to provide useful data for development of anti-smoking programs was conducted from Aug. 22 to Nov. 1. using the Q-method. After reviewing the literature the researcher proceeded to interview 10 female students, then developed a statement form consisting of 40 items, and then 30 female student smokers were sampled. The collected data were coded after having been scaled from 1 to 9 points, and analyzed using the PC QUANL program. Three types were identified; The first type focused on the right of the individual to smoke. the second type of students used smoking as a way to relieve their stress, and the third type of students wanted to use smoking as a tool to relate with their peer group. They smoked in closed areas, i.e. rest rooms. coffee shops - places that are not well ventilated and deep inhalation occurs. most subjects of the study started smocking at early ages(the average age was 17). Smoking at this age is especially harmful. It is suggested that the results of the study may be useful for designing anti-smoking health programs including health promotion.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.174-182
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• 1999

This study. aimed to categorize attitude of smoking behaviors among adolescents and to provide useful data for development of anti-smoking programs for students was conducted from February 1 to August 15. 1999. using the Q method. After reviewing the literature and preceding studies. the researcher proceeded to interview 15 middle and high school students and thereupon. developed a statement form consisting of 34 items. Then. 33 students were sampled. The collected data were coded after having been scaled from '1' to '9'. and then. was analyzed using the PC QUANL program. After all. three types of adolescents were identified. The first type or 'negation' type students perceive smoking as bad habit. and therefore. do not admit of smoking. The second type or 'self-choice' type students conceive that anyone can smoke depending on their judgement. and therefore. admit of other students' smoking. The third type or 'self-perceived refusal' type admit of other students' smoking. but refuse smoking for themselves. Lastly. it is believed that the results of this study would be useful for designing anti-smoking health programs for our adolescents. It is also hoped that this study would be followed up by such studies suggested by the data for the development of anti-smoking programs for each category of students.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.320-328
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• 2005

Purpose: This study is to identify the types of role awareness of home health care specialists working at medical institutions, to understand their role awareness correctly by grasping the quality of each type, and to provide useful help in the education of home health care specialists. Method: Q-methodology is used to objectify role awareness of medical institution specialists who may recognize situations differently according to their individual experience and comprehension based on the view of behavior. Q-classification was carried out on 30 home health care specialists working at medical institutions using 30 selected questions. Collected data were examined through factor analysis using QUANL PC program. Results: Three different types of role awareness of home health care specialists working at medical institutions were identified. Type I is 'educational-function-centered', Type II 'patient-centered' and Type III 'professional-service-centered'. Conclusion: Regardless of these types, home health care specialists commonly had a high pride as a specialist and a sense of mission regarding themselves as important persons responsible for patients' health.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.36-47
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was to explore subjectivity on childbearing in high school students. Methods: A Q-methodology which provides a method of analyzing the subjectivity of each type was used. Forty-three high school students classified 40 selected Q-statements into 9 points standard. The obtained data were analyzed by using the pc-QUANL program. Results: High school students' subjectivity on childbearing were analyzed into two types: Type 1 turned out to be 'FOLS (family oriented life style)' and Type 2 'CINK (couple important no kid)'. Conclusion: In order to resolve such problems as low birth rate and the advanced age of the population, effective youth and adult programs, policy and institution are required. The current demographic, economic and other factors such as personal values and policies may lower birth rate. In particular, youths' need for children and birth rate tend to be lower. There are positive and negative patterns in high school students' subjectivity on childbearing. Thus, national and social efforts are needed to change negative factors into positive ones. In order to maintain positive subjectivity on childbearing in high school students, it is necessary to apply family-centered educational programs and to implement birth-friendly and realistic programs for promoting child birth.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.188-195
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• 2004

Purpose: This study was to identify and to search the related disposition of the pattern of anxiety and coping in mothers of children with nephrotic syndrome through the use of Q-methodology. Method: 34 Q-samples were finally selected in the concept of anxiety and coping. A P-sample of 35 was selected the mothers of children with nephortic syndrome. The result of the Q-sorting was coded and analyzed using QUANL PC program. Result: There were 3 types of special opinion. The first type is called ' Pursuit of hope type.' Members of this type were cope with the anxiety by spiritual behavior like a pray, positive thinking. The second type is called 'Worry about reality type.' Members of this type were to be filled with apprehension like an indigestion, insomnia. The third type is called ' Solving problem type.' Members of this type were cope with the humanity effort by conversation. Conclusion: The mothers of children with nephrotic syndrome were used various coping patterns to cope with the anxiety conditions that their child were result from admission to hospital and treatment of the disease. Therefore, nursing assessment and nursing intervention skills have to develop in consideration of the subjectivity of coping about anxiety in each individual.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.61-71
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore subjective perceptions of good nurses' images perceived by nursing students using Q-methodology and to identify characteristics by types and reflect them in nursing education. Methods: Between December 21 and November 30, 2017, using Q-methodology, 31 nursing students from two universities sorted and rated 34 Q-statements on a nine-point scale according to the degree of their agreement. A data analysis was conducted using the PC-QUANL program. Results: The images of good nurses, as perceived by nursing college students, were extracted into three types, each of which had unique characteristics; the cumulative variance was 55%. Three types were identified as "Task-oriented health professional type," "Emotional companion type," and "Flexible mediator type" respectively. Conclusion: This study investigated the significant differences of subjectivity in images of good nurses perceived by nursing college students. The results of this study can be applied to the development and application of a nursing education curriculum that helps nursing college students form positive nursing images and grow into competent nurses.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.50-60
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• 2018

Purpose: This study aims to determine the bioethical subjectivity of nursing students with experience volunteering in elderly care facilities, and the characteristics that comprise the types thereof. Methods: Q methodology, which analyzes the subjectivity of each type, was used. The 37 selected Q statements from 32 participants were classified into the shape of a normal distribution using a 9-point scale. The collected data were analyzed using the PC-QUANL program. Results: The survey revealed that the bioethical subjectivity of nursing students with experience volunteering in elderly care facilities can be divided into three types: a rational dignity emphasis, an autonomous right to life belief, and conflict avoidance. All three attitudes regard human beings as possessing dignity, and life and death as elements to be experienced as aspects of human life. Bioethical values are critical to treatment and care; however, it is sometimes also held that humans have the right to commit suicide. Conclusion: This study enhanced our awareness of nursing students' bioethics. The findings can be used as a basis for the design of differentiated bioethics education according to each type of bioethical subjectivity. This calls for diverse research on bioethics and the implementation of effective bioethics education.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.306-315
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore the structure and characteristics among college students' gender-role identity. Method: The study used a Q-method to measure college students' gender-role identity types. Korean Gender Role Identity Inventory(KGRII) formed the Q sample. The P sample consisted of a convenience sample of 44 college students. Q statements were written on separate cards and were given to the subjects to sort according to degree of agreement or disagreement. The Q-sorts by each subject were coded and analyzed with the Quanl PC program. Result: From data, three types were extracted. Three types showed a low correlation with each other, and accounted for 41 percent of the variance of the participants. The first type, a 'sex-role transcendence', expresses warm, humane, and kind. The second type, a 'masculinity intention type', has leadership, activity, power, and initiative. And the third type, a 'femininity intention type' pursues emotional, expressive, delicate and tactful. Conclusion: This paper classifies and subdivides three types of gender-role identity in college students. It helps understanding of gender-role identity, and further developing a sense of value and attitude related to gender identity in college students.