• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.200-204
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• 2006

Purpose: Determination of pulmonary to systemic blood flow ratio (QP/QS) is important for the management of patients with left-to-right shunt. This study was performed to assess the agreement of Qp/Qs ratio using the radionuclide method and oxymetry, to investigate the factors influencing the agreement, and to know how interchangeable the results of each technique. Materials and Methods: We compared the Qp/Qs measured by single-pass radionuclide angiocardiography and oxymetry during catheterization in 207 patients who underwent both studies. In radionuclide method, Qp/Qs was calculated from the pulmonary time-activity curves using a gamma variate fit. The correlation and Bland-Altman analysis were performed according to the levels of shunt and associated lesions. Results: The mean Qp/Qs was $1.83{\pm}0.50$ by radionuclide, and $1.74{\pm}0.51$ by oxymetry. The overall correlation coefficient was 0.86(p<0.001), and Bland-Altman range of agreement encompassing 4SD was 1.05. For atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, tricuspid and mitral insufficiency, the correlation coefficient was 0.78, 0.90, 0.84, 0.63 and 0.44, and Bland-Altman range was 1.51, 0.74, 0.96, 1.57, and 1.50, respectively. Conclusion: There is good agreement but wide variance between the Qp/Qs ratios by radionuclide method and oxymetry. Associated atrioventricular valvar insufficiency decreases the correlation coefficient and widens the variance. Wide overall variance suggests that Qp/Qs measurements by two techniques should not be used interchangeably.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.112-122
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• 1993

Backgrounds : The goal of drug therapy in pneumoconiosis is to inhibit the progression of pulmonary fibrosis related to a toxic effect of the inhaled substance. Although there have been many studies on the therapy of pneumoconiosis, it is still elusive. Quinolyl piperazine phosphate (QP), a derivative of chloroquine, is less toxic, more effective, and longer action than chloroquine. This investigation was performed to examine the effect of the quinolyl piperazine phosphate in silicotic rats. Methods : The silica group was administered intratracheally by 40 mg free silica dust with 0.5 ml normal saline, and the QP group was orally administered QP 10 mg per week after free silica instillation. The animals in the silica group and the QP group were killed at the 1st, 3rd, 8th and 20th week after free silica instillation. We observed the total cell count in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, luminol-dependent chemiluminescence by viable alveolar inflammatory cells, the dry weights and the amount of hydroxyproline in the left lung and the histopathologic examination in the right lung. Results : 1) The total number of cells of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in the QP group tended to be decreased in comparison with the silical group. But, It was not significant. 2) Luminol-induced chemiluminescence by viable alveolar inflammatory cells in the QP group was similiar to that in the silical group. 3) The dry weights in the left lung at the 3th and 8th week in the QP group were significantly decreased compared to the silical group. 4) The total amount of hydroxyproline at the 3rd week of the QP group were significantly decreased compared to the silical group. In the silica group, the total amount of hydroxyproline was significantly increased at the 3rd week compared with the 1st group. But, in the QP group, it was significantly increased at the 8th week. 5) In tissue pathology, the infiltration of inflammatory cells around bronchiole, and the number and the size of silicotic nodule in the QP group were similar to the silica group. But, the extent of fibrosis is less than the silica group. Especially we observed progressive massive fibrosis which located in the periphery in 3 cases among the silica group, but couldn't observe in the QP group. Conclusions : QP doesn't significantly suppress the pulmonary fibrosis consequent to the intratracheal instillation of free silica dust, but delay the progression of fibrosis.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.219-227
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• 2009

In H.264/AVC, if each block is quantized with a adaptive quantization parameter(QP) regardless of the characteristics of a block, it could be the deterioration of the picture quality. In this paper, an adaptive block-based QP selection method is proposed in order to improve picture quality by utilizing the bit amounts of the zigzag-scanned integer transform coefficients of the neighboring blocks and changing the QP value in the current block. The proposed method works in the same way as the encoder and decoder without transmitting the change of QP value to the decoder side. The experimental results show that the proposed method achieves a gain of about $0.1\sim0.3dB$ compared with H.264/AVC.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.26-33
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• 2008

This study investigated the synergistic effects of dietary supplementation of quartz porphyry(QP) and a laboratory developed feed stimulants, BAISM(BS) on growth performance and utilization as the additives for juvenile eel Anguilla japonica. Six isoenergetic experimental diets(18.2 kJ/g) were formulated to contain 50% crude protein, 15% lipid with or without dietary QP(Song-Gang stone, Davistone, Korea) and BS supplementation. QP and BS were provided at 0% in the control diet($Q_0B_0$) and at 0.7% QP+0% BS($Q_{0.7}B_0$), 0.7% QP+0.3% BS($Q_{0.7}B_{0.3}$), 0.7% QP+0.5% BS($Q_{0.7}B_{0.5}$), 0.7% QP+0.75% BS($Q_{0.7}B_{0.75}$) and 0.7% QP+1.0% BS($Q_{0.7}B_{1.0}$) in experimental diets on dry matter basis. After four weeks of adaptation, triplicate groups of 30 fish initially averaging $15{\pm}0.1g(mean{\pm}SD)$ were randomly distributed into each aquarium, and they were fed one of the experimental diets for 8 weeks. By the end of the feeding trial, weight gain(%), specific growth rate(%), feed efficiency(%) and protein efficiency ratio of fish fed diet $Q_{0.7}B_{0.5},\;Q_{0.7}B_{0.75}\;and\;Q_{0.7}B_{1.0}$, were significantly higher(P<0.05) than those of fish fed the other diets. But, $Q_{0.7}B_{0.5},\;Q_{0.7}B_{0.75}\;and\;Q_{0.7}B_{1.0}$ were no significant differences(P<0.05). In challenge test, fish were infected by intraperitoneal injection of 0.1 mL bacterial suspension with Edwardsiella tarda per fish after the feeding trial. As a result, fish fed QP and BS supplemented diets have a significantly higher cumulative survival rate than those of fish fed control diet(P<0.05). In conclusion, these results indicated that the optimum dietary supplementation level of QP and BS could be approximately 0.7% quartz porphyry+0.5% BAISM($Q_{0.7}B_{0.5}$) of diet based on WG, FER, SGR, PER, cumulative survival rate in juvenile eel A. japonica.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.59-70
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• 1992

Quadratic programming problems(QP) have been widely used as a direction-finding subproblem in the engineering and structural design optimization. To develop an efficient solution algorithm for the QP subproblems, theoretical aspects and numerical behavior of mathematical programming methods that can be used as QP solver are studied and compared. For the solution of both primal and dual QP, Simplex, gradient projection(GRP), and augmented Lagrange multiplier algorithms are investigated and coded. From the numerical study, it is found that the primal GRP algorithm with potential constraint strategy and the dual Simplex algorithm are more attractive and effective than the others. They have theoretical robustness as well. Moreover, primal GRP algorithm is preferable in case the number of constraints is larger than the number of design variables. Favorable features of GRP and Simplex algorithm are merged into a combined algorithm, which is useful in the structural design optimization.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.268-271
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• 2003

There are several methods for the design of 2D filter. Notable among them is McClellan transform method. This transform allows us to obtain a high order 2D FIR filter through mapping the 1D frequency points of a 1D prototype FIR filter onto 2D frequency contours. We design 2D filter using this transform. Then we notice for mapping deviation of the 2D filter. In this paper, Quadratic programming (QP) method allows us to obtain coefficients of McClellan transform. Then we compare deviation of QP method with least-squares(LS) method. Elliptic filter is used for comparison. The optimal cutoff frequencies of a 1D filter are obtained directly from the QP method. Also several problem of LS method are solved.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.804-816
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• 2008

In this paper, we propose an adaptive rate control in frame-level for real-time H.264/AVC. For given QP, bits according to video characteristics, and current frame is close correlation between the adjacent frames. Using the statistical characteristic, we obtain change of occurrence bit about QP to apply the bit amount by QP from the video characteristic and applied in the estimated bit amount of the current frame. In addition, we use weight with QP and occurrence bit amount that is statistical information of encoded previous frames. Simulation results show that the proposed rate control scheme achieves time saving of more than 99% over JM 12.1 rate control algorithm. Nevertheless, PSNR and bit rate were almost same as the performances of JM.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.70-75
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• 2001

Effect of Quartz porphyry(QP) on clinical chemical parameters of serum in male white java sparrow by feeding the basal diet(Control group) containing 3.0% QP(QP group) for 14 days was studied. Body weight gain, feed intake, the weight of the gizzard and the heart were not significantly different in the both groups. However, the weights of kidney and liver in the QP group were higher than in the control group. The contents of triglyceride, cholesterol, total protein, glucose, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, uric acid and albumin, and the activities of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase(GPT) in serum were not significantly different in the both groups. The activity of alkaline phosphatase(ALP) in serum was higher in the QP group than in the control group.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.35 no.2C
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• pp.161-171
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• 2010

In this paper, we propose an adaptive rate control in Unit-level for real-time H.264/AVC. For given QP, bits according to video characteristics, and current frame is close correlation between the adjacent frames. Using the statistical characteristic, we obtain change of occurrence bit about QP to apply the bit amount by QP from the video characteristic and applied in the estimated bit amount of the each unit of current frame. In addition, we use weight with QP and occurrence bit amount that is statistical information of encoded previous frames. Simulation results show that the proposed rate control scheme achieves time saving of more than 99% over JM 12.1 rate control algorithm. Nevertheless, PSNR and bit rate were almost same as the performances of JM.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.183-193
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• 2003

A relation between the temporal variation of rainfall and direct runoff was characterized using temporal indexes of rainfall(1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th moment). Curve Number has a relation with 1st and 2nd moment for AMCIII condition when the rainfall duration is relative (10th quantile). Also peak runoff ratio(QP/Q) has a relation with 1st and End moment for AMCIII condition as well as 3rd and 4th moment for AMC I condition. Considering all durations of rainfall, alternatively, Curve Number has a relation with 1st and 2nd moment for AMCIIIcondition besides every moments for AMC I condition. But peak runoff ratio(QP/Q) has few relations excepting 3rd and 4th moment for AMC I condition. As a results, temporal indexes of rainfall are useful to determine curve numbers regarding the temporal variation of rainfall.