• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.32 no.5
• /
• pp.416-421
• /
• 1988

Kinetic studies for the nucleophilic substitution reactions of benzyl halides(para-substituted benzyl bromides and benzyliodide) with substituted pyridines in MeOH-MeCN mixtures have been carried out in order to elucidate the reaction mechanism. Cross interaction coefficient, ${\rho}_{XY}$ values suggested that the reactions between benzylhalides and substituted pyridines exhibit an dissocitive $S_N$2 mechanism. Hammett (${\rho}_X$, ${\rho}_Y$), Br${\o}$nsted ${\beta}_N$ and solvatochromic correlation coefficient a, s, a/s values were illustrated. Kinetic results were compared between potential energy surface model and quantum mechanical model. The quantum mechanical approach showed to be consistent with kinetic results.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
• /
• 2010.08a
• /
• pp.40-40
• /
• 2010

사중극 질량 분석기(Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer, QMS)는 높은 정확도와 사용이 쉬운 장점으로 인해 반도체 및 디스플레이 산업 등의 진공공정에서 잔류가스를 측정하고 분석하는 기기로써 반도체 및 디스플레이 소자제조를 위한 공정 진단에서 많이 사용되고 있다. 특히 고진공으로 내려가면서 리크 디텍션(leak detection)과 미세 량의 잔류기체 감지가 더욱더 요구되며 특히 $H_2$ 및 CO의 경우 측정에 많은 어려움이 있다. 따라서 $H_2$ 및 CO의 미세 량을 감지하기 위하여 QMS의 성능을 평가할 수 있는 parameter 중 하나가 될 수 있는 minimum detectable partial pressure(MDPP)를 측정하였다. 실제 고진공에 도달하여 MDPP를 계산하기 위해서는 bake out이 필요하며 또한 가스가 주입되지 않은 상태에서 잔류기체의 조성을 정확히 알 수 없기 때문에 정량적 분석이 어렵다는 단점이 있다. 본 실험에서는 측정하고자 하는 물질의 소량 포함된 표준가스를 사용하여 부피확장방법으로 가스 챔버로 희석하여 이동시키고 핀홀에서 가스유량을 더 줄여서 QMS가 기체를 감지하는 압력범위를 유지하면서 가스를 인가하여 주어 그때의 MDPP를 계산하였다. 또한 tuning을 통해 이온전류를 증폭시켜 더 향상된 MDPP를 측정하였다. 이 방법을 사용하면 bake out을 통한 고진공에 도달하지 않고서도 MDPP를 측정할 수 있으며, 정확한 조성 및 부분압을 알 수 있고 또한 희석된 가스를 사용하여 MDPP를 더욱 더 향상시킬 수 있다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
• /
• 2005.11a
• /
• pp.33-34
• /
• 2005

In this study, in odor to develop low temperature sintering multilayer piezoelectric actuator and ultrasonic vibrator, PMN-PNN-PZT ceramics were fabricated using $Li_2CO_3$ and $Na_2CO_3$ as sintering aids and their piezoelectric and dielectric characteristics were investigated according to the addition of dopant CuO and $Fe_2O_3$, respectively. The CuO added PMN-PNN-PZT ceramics improved mechanical quality factor Qm due to the acceptor doping effect. And also, $Fe_2O_3$ reacted as softner in this composition system in addition to the increase of grain size and sinterability. Taking into consideration electromechanical coupling factor kp of 0.62, dielectric constant $\varepsilon_r$, of 1275, Piezoelectric $d_{33}$ constant of 377[pC/N] and mechanical quality factor Qm of 975, it was concluded that the ceramics with the $Fe_2O_3$, added composition sintered at 900[$^{\circ}C$] were best for the multilayer piezoelectric actuator and ultrasonic vibrator application.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
• /
• 2011.08a
• /
• pp.168-168
• /
• 2011

사중극 질량분석기(Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer, QMS)에서 사용하여 이온소스의 신뢰성을 평가하는 방법으로 약 50 ppm으로 $H_2$ 가스를 Ar 가스에 희석한 혼합기체를 주입하여 MDPP(Minimum Detectable Partial Pressure)를 측정하는 기술을 연구하였다. 수소 이온의 전류와 배경 노이즈의 비율(Signal/Noise)을 극대화하기 위하여 QMS를 튜닝하였고, 튜닝을 여러 번 반복한 결과 약 1 order 이내에서 repeatability를 얻을 수 있었다. 이 MDPP 평가방법을 이용하여 상용 이온소스와 한국표준과학연구원에서 기존 이온소스를 개선한 두 가지 다른 타입의 이온소스를 평가 비교하였고, 이 평가는 진공 챔버를 $2{\times}10^{-9}$ Torr로 배기한 뒤, 혼합된 희석기체를 주입하여 ~$10^{-7}$ Torr를 유지한 상태에서 QMS 200의 신호를 증폭시키기 위해 SEM (Secondary Electron Multiplier)을 사용하여 진행되었다. 사용한 혼합 희석기체는 한국표준과학연구원의 가스표준실에서 제조하였으며, 혼합비의 불확도는 수 ppm이다. 이 희석된 혼합가스를 사용하여 MDPP 값을 비교 분석하여 이온소스의 신뢰성 평가 연구를 하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
• /
• 2002.11a
• /
• pp.326-329
• /
• 2002

In this study, to develop the low temperature sintering ceramics for multilayer piezoelectric transformer, $0.02Pb(Sb_{1/2}Nb_{1/2})O_{3}-0.13Pb(Ni_{1/3}Nb_{2/3}O_3-0.85Pb(Zr,Ti)O_{3}$ system ceramics were manufactured with the variations of sintering temperature between 1,090 and $1240^{\circ}C$ and its dielectric and piezoelectric characteristics were investigated. With increasing the sintering temperature, electromechanical coupling factor (kp) and mechanical quality factor(Qm) were decreased. At $1,180^{\circ}C$ sintered specimen showed maximum value of 0.535 electromechanical coupling factor (kp). On the other hand,. The specimen sintered at $1,180^{\circ}C$ showed the maximum value of ${\varepsilon}r$=1,571, Qm=1,181 respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.34 no.3
• /
• pp.221-226
• /
• 1990

The solvolysis of substitued phenacyl tosylates was studied in binary solvent mixtures of methanol-acetonitrile and methanol-acetone at 55$^{\circ}C$. Except for m-nitrophenacyl tosylate, the rate constants were increased with both of electron-donating substituents and electron-withdrawing ones and its rate constants were the largest in the binary solvent mixtures of 90% MeOH-10% MeCN. The results show that the reactions were changed with dissociative $S_N2$ mechanism judging from the magnitude of 1/m values going from the electron-withdrawing group to the electron-donating one of the substrate. And above results were consisted with the account for the PES model and QM approach.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
• /
• 2002.11a
• /
• pp.494-497
• /
• 2002

In this paper, we have presented the simulation results about threshold voltage of nano scale lightly doped drain (LDD) MOSFET with halo doping profile. Device size is scaled down from 100nm to 40nm using generalized scaling. We have investigated the threshold voltage for constant field scaling and constant voltage scaling using the Van Dort Quantum Correction Model(QM) and direct tunneling current for each gate oxide thickness. We know that threshold voltage is decreasing in the constant field scaling and increasing in the constant voltage scaling when gate length is reducing, and direct tunneling current is increasing when gate oxide thickness is reducing. To minimize the roll-off characteristics for threshold voltage of MOSFET with decreasing channel length, we know u value must be nearly 1 in the generalized scaling.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
• /
• 2008.06a
• /
• pp.53-53
• /
• 2008

Piezoelectric transformers have been widely used such as DC-DC convertor, invertor, Ballast, etc. Because, the y have some merits compared with electro-magnetic transformers such as step-up ratio, high efficiency, small size and lg hit weight, etc. Piezoelectric transformer require high electromechanical coupling factor kp in order to induce a large out put power in proportional to applied electric field. And also, high mechanical quality factor Qm is required to prevent mechanical loss and heat generation. In general, PZT system ceramics should be sintered at high temperatures between 1200 and $1300^{\circ}C$ in order to obtain complete densification. Accordingly, environmental pollution due to its PbO evaporation. Hence, to reduce its sintering temperature, various kinds of material processing methods such as hot pressing, high energy mill, liquid phase sintering, and using ultra fine powder have been performed. Among these methods, liquid phase sintering is basically an effective method for aiding densification at low temperature. In this study, In order to comparis on low temperature sintering and solid state sintering piezoelectric transformers, rosen type transformers were fabricated u sing two PZT ceramics compositions and their electrical properties were investigated.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.218-222
• /
• 2017

In this paper, in order to develop excellent composition ceramics for a piezoelectric energy- harvesting device, we synthesized $0.99(Na_{0.52}\;K_{0.443}\;Li_{0.037})(Nb_{0.883}\;Sb_{0.08}\;Ta_{0.037})O_3$ + $0.01(Sr_{0.95}Ca_{0.05})TiO_3$ + $0.3\;wt%\;Bi_2O_3\;+\;0.3\;wt%\;Fe_2O_3\;+\;0.3\;wt%\;CuO$ (abbreviated as NKN-SCT) ceramics with different sintering times, using the ordinary solid-state reaction method. The effect of sintering time on the microstructure and piezoelectric properties was investigated. The ceramics with the sintering time of 7 h have the optimum values of the piezoelectric constant ($d_{33}$), piezoelectric voltage constant ($g_{33}$), planar piezoelectric coupling coefficient (kp), mechanical quality factor (Qm), and dielectric constant (${\varepsilon}r$): $d_{33}=314[pC/N]$, $g_{33}=20.07[10^{-3}mV/N]$, kp = 0.442, Qm = 93, ${\varepsilon}r=1,768$, all being suitable for a piezoelectric energy-harvesting device.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
• /
• v.43 no.2
• /
• pp.90-99
• /
• 2017

As the importance of R&D has increased, there have been various efforts to apply the quality management principles and tools to R&D activities in order to manage them effectively. The R&D sector differs from other value chains, so it may be difficult to apply quality management without proper considerations of R&D characteristics. This study describes the characteristics of R&D as high uncertainty and risk, diversity of R&D types, project-based activities, importance of strategic goals and business models, and importance of intangible assets. Three well accepted R&D quality management models are reviewed and implications for quality management and R&D characteristics are summarized. Based on these findings, the management targets of R&D quality management are classified into management level (organization, project) and management focus (process, output), and the contexts of R&D quality management are classified into R&D type (research, development) and market/customer requirement clarity (fluid, specific), and appropriate R&D quality management activities in each situations have been suggested.