• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2007

This investigation on the change of the daily maxima temperature in Seoul, Daegu, Chunchen, Youngchen was triggered by news items such as the earth is getting warmer and a recent news item that said that Korea is getting warmer due to this climatic change. A statistical analysis on the daily maxima for June over this period in Seoul revealed a positive trend of 1.1190 centigrade over the 45 years, a change of 0.0249 degrees annually. Due to the large variation on these maximum temperatures, one can raise the question on the significance of this increase. To check the goodness of fit of the proposed extreme value model, we shown a Q-Q plot of the observed quantiles against the simulated quantiles and a probability plot. And we calculated statistics each month and a tolerance limit. This is tested through simulating a large number of similar datasets from an Extreme Value distribution which described the observed data very well. Only 0.02% of the simulated datasets showed an increase of this degrees or larger, meaning that the probability is very low for such an event to occur.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.117-139
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to examine of transparency and Corporate Social Responsibility(CSR) on financial performance and firm value. The empirical results are as follows: First, we finds that ROA showed significant effect of all transparency measures exception QAS measure and Tobin's Q showed significant effect of CITSA, SCTSA, SETR and SATSA. Second, 'Total-ROA' and 'ROA' models showed significant positive effects of lnCSR(TranD${\times}$lnCSR) and ROA, also 'Total-Tobin's Q' and 'Tobin's Q' model had same results. Consequently, this study results had that The firms with higher transparency and higher CSR exhibit better financial performance and firm value.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.593-602
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• 2014

One of the purposes of an artificial neural netowrk(ANNet) is to implement the largest number of functions as possible with the smallest number of nodes and layers. This paper presents a CoreNet which has a multi-leveled input value and a multi-leveled output value with a 2-layered ANNet, which is the basic structure of an ANNet. I have suggested an equation for calculating the capacity of the CoreNet, which has a p-leveled input and a q-leveled output, as $a_{p,q}={\frac{1}{2}}p(p-1)q^2-{\frac{1}{2}}(p-2)(3p-1)q+(p-1)(p-2)$. I've applied this CoreNet into the simulation model 1(5)-1(6), which has 5 levels of an input and 6 levels of an output with no hidden layers. The simulation result of this model gives, the maximum 219 convergences for the number of implementable functions using the cot(${\sqrt{x}}$) input leveling method. I have also shown that, the 27 functions are implementable by the calculation of weight values(w, ${\theta}$) with the multi-threshold lines in the weight space, which are diverged in the simulation results. Therefore the 246 functions are implementable in the 1(5)-1(6) model, and this coincides with the value from the above eqution $a_{5,6}(=246)$. I also show the implementable function numbering method in the weight space.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.02a
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• pp.249-252
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• 2008

The solutions are expressed in terms of a double integral transformation over wavenumber and frequency. The complete solution is considered in such a full wave theory approach. This method can handle a larger number of plane layers. Therefore, the result of FK method is very similar to real data. Using the models that were modified in velocity and Q value with depth by iterative process from a model (Kang and Park, 2006) and considered as one of the best models in Korean Peninsula, the synthetic data are simulated for explosions and earthquakes of North Korea. This study notes that the wave shape of the synthetic data is very dependent on Q value, velocities, and thickness of sedimentary layers. Comparing between the real and the synthetic, fitting well in arrival time of first arrival and wave shape causes us to arrive at an indication that the model is very close representation of upper crustal structure and simulations are well done in amplitude fitting and in identification of phases of local and regional waves.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.1-7
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• 2020

The demand on the underwater communications is extremely increasing in searching for underwater resources, marine expedition, or environmental researches, yet there are many problems with the wireless communications because of the characteristics of the underwater environments. Especially, with the underwater wireless networks, there happen inevitable delay time and spacial inequality due to the distances between the nodes. To solve these problems, this paper suggests a new solution based on ALOHA-Q. The suggested method use random NAV value. and Environments take reward through communications success or fail. After then, The environments setting NAV value from reward. This model minimizes usage of energy and computing resources under the underwater wireless networks, and learns and setting NAV values through intense learning. The results of the simulations show that NAV values can be environmentally adopted and select best value to the circumstances, so the problems which are unnecessary delay times and spacial inequality can be solved. Result of simulations, NAV time decreasing 17.5% compared with original NAV.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.8 no.9
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• pp.1325-1332
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• 2013

The first frame of a GOP, an I frame, is encoded in intra mode which generates a larger number of bits. In addition, the I frame is used for the inter mode encoding of the following frames. Thus the intial QP for the I frame affects the first frame as well as the following frames. In our previous work, we analyzed the number of bits for an I frame and showed that the ratio of the number of bits which maximizes the PSNR of a GOP maintains similar value regardless of GOP's. In this paper, we propose a R-Q model which can be used for the calculation of the initial QP given the amount of bits for an I frame. The proposed model is simple and adaptively modifies model parameters, so it can be applicable to the real-time application. It is shown by experimental results that the proposed model captures initial QP characteristics effectively and the proposed method for model parameters accurately estimates the real values.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.354-362
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• 2011

One of the unsolved problems in Artificial Neural Networks is related to the capacity of a neural network. This paper presents a CoreNet which has a multi-leveled input and a multi-leveled output as a 2-layered artificial neural network. I have suggested an equation for calculating the capacity of the CoreNet, which has a p-leveled input and a q-leveled output, as $a_{p,q}=\frac{1}{2}p(p-1)q^2-\frac{1}{2}(p-2)(3p-1)q+(p-1)(p-2)$. With an odd value of p and an even value of q, (p-1)(p-2)(q-2)/2 needs to be subtracted further from the above equation. The simulation model 1(3)-1(6) has 3 levels of an input and 6 levels of an output with no hidden layer. The simulation result of this model gives, out of 216 possible functions, 80 convergences for the number of implementable function using the cot(x) input leveling method. I have also shown that, from the simulation result, the two diverged functions become implementable by precalculating the weight values. The simulation result and the precalculation of the weight values give the same result as the above equation in the total number of implementable functions.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.5-13
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• 2008

Laboratory model test with soft silty ground (ML) and polluted silty ground with wastewater and factory waste oil ($ML_p$) was conducted and the applicability of changes of bearing capacity from the increase of pollutants was compared and analyzed with existing findings. As silty ground polluted with wastewater and factory waste oil had increased contents of pollutants, plasticization of ground was fostered compared to soft silt ground due to the influence of pollutants, and characteristics of ground strength decreased. Critical surcharge value of soft silty ground $q_{cr}=4.14c_u$, ultimate bearing capacity value $q_{ult}=9.53c_u$, critical surcharge value of silty ground polluted with wastewater and factory waste oil $q_{cr}=1.78c_u$ and ultimate bearing capacity value $q_{ult}=4.39c_u$. Critical surcharge and ultimate bearing capacity of silty ground polluted with wastewater and factory waste oil were less than those of soft silty ground. It meant that shearing resistance due to the increase of pollutants decreased and rather a smaller value was obtained.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.249-261
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• 2021

To tranquilize the devastating impact of unnecessary risk-taking behavior of banks towards the economy for maximizing their profits that usually arises due to widely known 'moral-hazard' problem originating from market competition and intensified by bank's limited liability, the banking system is strongly monitored across all countries of the world. The goal of controlling would become more feasible if there exist some self-discipline and motivations which could safeguard the banks' charter value through the mechanism of market discipline. Therefore, our study is aimed to scrutinize the relation between market discipline and charter value of local commercial banks that are registered on the Pakistan Stock Exchange by analyzing a balanced panel data from the year 2007 to 2019. Deposit growth, interbank deposits, and subordinate debt are taken as proxies to measure market discipline whereas Tobin's Q theory is applied for calculating the charter value. Generalized Least Square Regression with Fixed Effect Model is used for evaluation. The outcomes reveal that in the existence of control variables, all proxies of market discipline have a significant positive impact on bank charter value. Our research has important policy implications for monitoring and supervising financial intermediaries for their stability and soundness by offsetting the complications of moral-hazard in the financial systems.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.49-59
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• 1999

In this study, we individualize the clauses to sort out the troubled ones, draw up a interrelation model in order to visually organize the relations, and finally, suggest the desirable application idea. The interrelation model suggested in this study has been made based on the matrix method. On this matrix, we arranged the environmental factors on horizontal and vertical axis, and when we describe the relation of each factors, we set the horizontal axis as the base and divided the content into three grades : Fine, Medium, and Poor. In addition to that, we expressed those three grades into numerical value like 3 points for Level Fine, 2 points for Level Medium, and 1 point for Level Poor and then, we converted this numerical values into index numbers. We could classify the index numbers such as AS, PS, Q-index, P-index. AS is an index numerically shows the degree of giving environmental effect, PS is an index numerically shows the degree of receiving environmental effect, Q-index is an index shows the aggravate degree, and P-index shows the relation degree. The Q/P-index with large numbers has considerable effect on the environmental system, while the small numbered Q/P-index barely effect on the environmental system. Moreover, we classified the environmental factors into 5 levels(I~V) according to the relations between the Q-index and P-index. Level I is less affected by the environment and has more giving effect, while Level V is more sensitively affected by the environment and has more receiving effect, which we considered important. Therefore, we could come up with the result that if we consider the each level of factors when we evaluate the EIA, the result would be far more accurate and reliable since it contains mutual relation aspect of EIA. The suggested interrelation model in this thesis is presentable as one of those scoping system. We highly believe the need of scoping system in EIA and suggest the interrelation model as the alternative idea for scoping system.