• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.49 no.7
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• pp.615-623
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• 2016

This Study calculated the Submerged Flow Characteristics and Discharge coefficient by the rising angular change of the Improved-Pneumatic-Movable. According to the result, the smaller the ratio of weir height and weir length (L/W) or the weir standing angle, the bigger of the downstream head ($H_2$). The change of discharge reduction factor ($Q_s/Q_1$), by the hight from weir crest to downstream surface and the ratio form weir crest to upstream water height ($h_t/H$), was decreased when the $h_t/H$ closed to number 1. Although the weir water depth of the down-stream was shallower level than the up-stream, the velocity was faster then before. And the more the flow, the less the gab between the upper and lower reaches level. And when the same flow condition, the downstream head ($H_2$) was increased when the L/W was bigger. The Submerged Flow Discharge coefficient of Improved-Pneumatic-Movable weir was made by the upstream approach flow head and the upper lower stream flow condition, not by the physical data of Movable weir.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.56-62
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• 2019

This study examined effects of the operating characteristics of a pump according to the rotational speed of a pump and the change in flow rate when a centrifugal pump operates under the following conditions: regulated flow rate, head, rotational speed, and specific speed of 0.7 m/min, 8 m, 1750 rpm, an 182 (m, ㎥/min, rpm), respectively. The pump in the experiment did not have a guide vane and was connected directly to the rim, so that the rotational speed of the volute pump in a spiral or volute casing increased by 100 rpm from 1350 to 1750 rpm. The result of the relationship between the H-Q, L-Q, and 𝜂-Q characteristics and the dimensionless performance characteristics, such as the head coefficient, power coefficient and efficiency were studied. The change in pump performance could be estimated depending on the increase in the number of revolutions. The maximum efficiency of the pump was 52% with 1450 rpm, 0.165 ㎥/min flux, and 4.73 m of lift. The efficiency reached 50% with a maximum of 1750 rpm, 0.183 ㎥/min of flux, and 6.72 m of lift. The efficiency curve on the performance characteristics of the lift versus flux curve became oval not a curve from a quadratic equation that passes through the starting point according to the similarity law of the pump. Finally, when the flux coefficient increased, the power coefficient increased and the lift coefficient decreased. When the flux coefficient was 0.08, the maximum efficiency was 52%. Therefore, the change in flux affects the driving characteristics.

• Proceedings of the KOR-KST Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.211-216
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• 1999

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.408-417
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• 2008

Rock mass classification methods such as RMR and Q system have different characteristics each other in parameters considered and applications, and so it is very important to prescribe the relationship between parameters for the analysis of correlativity of these methods. With the Held data of RMR and Q estimation in road construction sites, the acquaintance relations between RMR and Q of rock mass classifications are analyzed. The correlation equations between parameters of RMR and Q, matrix of correlation coefficients and the generalized form of acquaintance relation matrix are derived. This acquaintance relation matrix can be further extended to the form of generalized acquaintance relation network, and could be used to analyze the correlativity and to enhance the utility of common rock mass classification methods.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.67-74
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• 1999

In this study, coda Q has been determined by the single scattering model in the Kyeongsang Basin region using the decay of the amplitudes of coda waves on bandpass-filtered seismograms of local microearthquakes in the frequency range 1.5~18 Hz. Reported frequency dependence of Q is of the form $Q_C=Q_O^n$$(83.9{ll}Q_0{ll}155.9,;0.76{ll}n{ll}1.05$. Considering a model incorporating both scattering and intrinsic attenuation, and assuming that the attenuation is entirely due to the scattering loss, the minimum mean free paths are about 51~56 km and the coefficients of inelastic attenuation(${\gamma}$) are between 0.0093 and 0.0098 were found. Earthquake-station paths pass through the fault zone show high attenuation and strong frequency dependency compared to other ones.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.220-227
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• 2004

Phosphorus desorption study is essential to understanding P behavior in agricultural and environmental soils because phosphorus is considered as two different aspects, a plant nutrient versus an environmental contaminant. This study was conducted to determine soil P buffering power related to P desorption quantity intensity (Q/I) parameters, $Q_{max}$(an index of P release capacity) and $l_0$(an index of the intensity factor), and to investigate the characteristics of relationship between the P desorption Q/I parameters and the soil properties. Soil samples were prepared with treatments of 0 and $100mg\;P\;kg^{-1}$ applied as $KH_2PO_4$ solution. The P desorption Q/I curves were obtained by a procedure using anion exchange resin beads and described by an empirical equation ($Q=aI^{-1}+bln(I+1)+c$). The P desorption Q/I curves for the high available P (${\g}20mg\;kg^{-1}$ of Olsen P) soils were characteristic concave trends with or without soil P enrichment, whereas for the low available P (${\lt}20mg\;kg^{-1}$ of Olsen P) soils, the anticipated Q/I concave curves could not be obtained without a proper amount of P addition. When the soils were enriched in phosphates, the values of desorbed solid phase labile P and solution P, such as $Q_{max}$ and $I_0$ respectively, were increased, but the ratio of $Q_{max}$ versus $I_0$ was decreased. Thus, the slope of desorption Q/I curve represented as phosphorus buffering power, $|BP_0|$, is decreased. The $|BP_0|$ values of the high available P soils ranged between 48 and $61L\;kg^{-1}$ in the P untreated samples and between 18 and $44L\;kg^{-1}$ in the P enriched samples. Overall $|BP_0|$ values of both low and high available P soils treated with $l00mg\;P\;kg^{-1}$ ranged between 14 and $79L\;kg^{-1}$. The $Q_{max}$, values ranged between 71.4 and $173.1mg\;P\;kg^{-1}$, and the lo values ranged between 0.98 and $3.82mg\;P\;L^{-1}$ in the P enriched soils. The $Q_{max}$ and $I_0$ values that control the P buffering power may be not specifically related to a specific soil property, but those values were complicatedly related to soil pH, clay content, soil organic matter content, and lime. Also, phosphorus release activity, however, markedly depended on the desorbability of the applied P as well as the native labile P.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.465-465
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• 2016

관거시설은 관거, 맨홀(manhole), 우수토실, 물받이, 연결관, 침투시설, 저류시설, 펌프장 등을 포함하는 시설들로 구성되어 있다. 여기서 맨홀은 배수시설의 유지와 관리를 위하여 일정거리마다 설치되고 있으며, 관거의 기점, 방향, 경사 및 관경이 변하는 곳, 단차가 발생하는 곳, 관거가 합류하는 곳에는 반드시 설치한다(환경부, 2011). 그러나 하수도시설기준(환경부, 2011)에서 합류맨홀의 설치에 관한 사항은 T형 합류맨홀에 관한 개략적인 표만 제시되어 있을 뿐, 4방향 합류맨홀에 대한 구체적인 설치 기준이 제시되어 있지 않은 실정이다. 또한 에너지 손실의 저감 및 배수능력을 증대시키기 위하여 맨홀내 설치되는 인버트는 미국의 형태 및 기준을 그대로 적용하고 있으므로 관거시설의 시설의 합리적인 설계기준을 제시하기 위하여 인버트가 설치된 4방향 합류맨홀에서의 흐름특성 및 수두 손실을 분석할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 인버트가 설치된 4방향 합류맨홀 손실계수 산정 및 흐름특성을 분석하기 위하여 문헌조사 및 현장조사를 실시하여 수리실험 장치를 제작하였다. 실험에 사용된 맨홀은 하수도시설기준(환경부, 2011)의 표준 1호 맨홀을 1/5로 축소하였고, 인버트는 설치되지 않은 조건(CASE A), 반원형 인버트(CASE B), U형 인버트(CASE C)를 각각 실험하였으며, 실험유량으로 총 유출량 (Qout)은 $2{\sim}5{\ell}/sec$, 총 유출량에 대한 측면 유입량($Q_{Lat}$)의 비($Q_{Lat}/Q_{out}$)는 0~1 조건으로 변화시키면서 흐름특성 및 손실계수를 산정하였다. 실험결과 측면유량비가 증가함에 따라 CASE B와 CASE C는 CASE A보다 맨홀 내 수심이 약 3~7%정도 증가되는 경향을 나타내고 있었으며, 측면유량비의 증가에 따른 손실계수 산정 결과, CASE B는 CASE A 보다 약 30%정도 손실계수가 증가하였으며, CASE C는 CASE A보다 약 35%정도 손실계수가 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 기존에 사용되고 있는 인버트의 형상이 4방향 합류맨홀에서의 손실 저감 및 배수능력을 증대시키기 보다는 오히려 맨홀 내 통수능력을 저하시켜 4방향 합류맨홀에서의 배수능력을 저감시키는 것으로 분석되었다. 그러므로 기 사용되는 인버트의 개선이 필요하며 관거시설의 배수능력을 증대하기 위하여 지속적인 연구를 통한 개선된 인버트의 형상 제시가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.142-146
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• 2014

The separation of nitrogen heterocyclic compound (NHC) contained in a model coal tar fraction of nine components system was investigated by distribution equilibrium. The model coal tar fraction comprising NHC group (NHCs; indole (In), quinoline (Q), iso-quinoline (iQ), quinaldine(Qu)), bicyclic aromatic compound group (BACs; 1-methylnaphthalene (1MN), 2-methylnaphthalene (2MN), dimethylnaphthalene (DMN)), biphenyl (Bp) and phenyl ether (Pe) and the aqueous methanol were used as the raw materials and the solvent of this work, respectively. A batch-stirred tank was used as the liquid-liquid contact unit of this work. The distribution coefficient of NHCs increased by increasing the equilibrium operation temperature, whereas the selectivity of NHCs with respect to BACs decreased. Decreasing the initial volume ratio of water to the solvent resulted in deteriorating the selectivity of NHCs in reference to BACs, but improving the distribution coefficients of NHCs. At a fixed experimental condition, the sequence of the distribution coefficient and the selectivity with reference to BACs for each groups was increased in order of NHCs > Bp > BACs > Pe and NHCs > Bp> Pe, respectively. Also, the sequence of the distribution coefficient for entire compounds was in order of In > iQ = Q > Qu > Bp > 1MN = 2MN > Pe > DMN. The maximum yield of NHCs and the selectivity of NHCs based on BACs obtained by methanol extraction were 94 and 23%, respectively. Furthermore, the recovery process for NHCs from coal tar was studied by using the experimental results from this work.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.50 no.10
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• pp.661-671
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• 2017

The objective of this study was to analyze the flood stage considering the uncertainty caused by the river roughness coefficients and discharge. The methodology of this study involved the GLUE (Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation) to quantify the uncertainty bounds applying three different storm events. The uncertainty range of the roughness was 0.025~0.040. In case of discharge, the uncertainty stemmed from parameters in stage-discharge rating curve, if h represents stage for discharge Q, which can be written as $Q=A(h-B)^C$. Parameters in rating curve (A, B and C) were estimated by non-linear regression model and assumed by t distribution. The range of parameters in rating curve was 5.138~18.442 for A, -0.524~0.104 for B and 2.427~2.924 for C. By sampling 10,000 parameter sets, Monte Carlo simulations were performed. The simulated stage value was represented by 95% confidence interval. In storm event 1~3, the average bound was 0.39 m, 0.83 m and 0.96 m, respectively. The peak bound was 0.52 m, 1.36 m and 1.75 m, respectively. The recurrence year of each storm event applying the frequency analysis was 1-year, 10-year and 25-year, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 1998

In clinical measurement comparison of a new measurement technique with an established one is often needed to see whether they agree sufficiently for the new to replace the old. Such investigations are often analysed inappropriately, notably by using the correlation coefficient(r). So, the measurement for agreement was determined by Bland & Altman's method recently. In this article, we will analyse the measurement for agreement by using Q-Q plot and by applying Bland and Altman's method through graph. And we will show characteristics for these techniques.