• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.649-663
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• 1993

A long life is the desire of many people. The purpose of this study was to describe the thoughts that are held by elderly people about long life as the elderly are approaching the end of life. The research was conducted using an ethnographic method to add understanding to this subject. The field work for this study was done from July, 1991 to August, 1993 in third phases in Chun Buk province. The results of the present study show the following : The thoughts of the elderly about chang su showed three important concepts : In Myoung Sae Chun(lived as life), Su Cheuk Dah Yok(long life is a disgraces, and Transcendence of life: In Myoung Sae Chun showed the thought of limitation of man’s life and realistic thought about the life through free oneself from death and life. Su Cheuk Dah Yok meant experience of physical difficulty, experience of sons and daughter’s death ahead one’s own self. Senility was the most afraid problem for the elderly. Transcendence of life showed pursuit of a continuing life through connected with sons and the family. The conditions promoting chang su were described as clear water, fresh air, adequate eating, deep sleeping, gender(female). In addition it showed that ecological and environmental conditions (heavy work, starvation, vegetable food, physical environment, respection for the elderly). These results showed that the elderly was recognized one’s own self as living being rather than adhered to the life, and will promote understanding the elderly’s desire for long life. Also, suggested to nursing practice that should maintain self-esteem and respect for the elderly, Therefore, these results can be used nursing practice for the elderly.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.61-81
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• 1998

This research studies the role of IT (Information Technology) in improving productivity of a company through samll group activities. For this purpose, this research analyzed the samll group activities of the company as to how IT was employed bo improve business processes. Cases of small group activities that were conducted from January, 1996 to December, 1996 in a Korean company (name withdrawn) were analyzed. Eight out of eleven small group activities have been studied. They were examined as to the effect of IT in time and cost savings, reduction in manpower and so on. TQM is the activity of process improvement based on the existing processes in pursuit of satisfaction of customers' needs. This study analyzed how IT was used to solve the current problem in business processes. As a result of the case study, it is found that TQM activities with IT could reduce expenses significantly. More specifically, expenses have been cut down by 56% a year on average. By improving the business processes through the activities of TQM which used IT, companies could remove the unnecessary business processes and the duplicated business processes. In other words, with the use of IT in TQM activities, they could move closer to goals of the satisfaction of the customers' needs by reducing expenses and time. This study examined the role of IT from the point of view of business process improvement. Internally, IT has a positive impact on reducing expenses, processing time, manpower and so forth. Externally, it plays an important role of company's gaining competitive advantage through the satisfaction of customers and stakeholders. In conclusion, the proper use of IT will significantly increase the performance of a company.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2001

Neural networks we increasingly being seen as an addition to the statistics toolkit which should be considered alongside both classical and modern statistical methods. Neural networks are usually useful for classification and function estimation. In this paper we concentrate on function estimation using neural networks with weight decay factor The use of weight decay seems both to help the optimization process and to avoid overfitting. In this type of neural networks, the problem to decide the number of hidden nodes, weight decay parameter and iteration number of learning is very important. It is called the optimization of weight decay neural networks. In this paper we propose a automatic optimization based on genetic algorithms. Moreover, we compare the weight decay neural network automatically learned according to automatic optimization with ordinary neural network, projection pursuit regression and support vector machines.

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• no.74
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• pp.33-43
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to scientifically establish the concepts of photogeography, and to present desirable directions for the pursuit of photogeography in Korea. Photogeography is to effectively utilize the documentary and artistic nature of the photo, as an image medium, in the geographic study. The concept of photogeography, along with the term photogeology, is already known widely in foreign countries, and extensive research has been carried out in the field. However, here in Korea, nobody knows the concept of photogeography. Since photogeography has not been systemized as a science, and interest in photography is being minimal, photography, in reality, has in no way been utilized effectively. The photographs used in Photogeography can be classified, according to character, into two major categories, geographic photographs and general photographs, and, according to subject and camera, into still photographs and dynamic photographs. Photographs, such single photographs, slides, air photographs and satellite photographs are in the category of still photographs, while pictures like video and movie pictures are dynamic photographs.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.128-142
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• 2011

The goal of this study was to investigate how hypotheses were elaborated after their initial appearances in the context of scientific problem solving. Data were collected from a class in which preservice elementary school teachers in groups carried out abductive inquiry of earth science. The analysis revealed two major processes of hypothesis elaboration: theory-driven and evidence-driven. The theory-driven process was in turn distinguished into two kinds of subprocesses: one is in pursuit of internal coherence and the other external coherence. The evidencedriven elaboration also had two subprocesses, which were triggered by direct evidence and indirect or analogical evidence, respectively. In addition, hypotheses were more often than not modified by a wrong theory or evidence whether it was driven by a theory or evidence. Implications for science education and related research were discussed.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.69-85
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• 2003

The primary objective of this thesis is to study, case by case, the international disputes for fishing rights between fishing nations and costal states never imagined till the introduction of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea adopted in 1982 and came into effect in November 16, 1994, which governs the high seas and EEZ in a new manner. Such a study is to provide help in the understanding on this new marine system and how to deal with. This is addressed by the perspectives of disputes (a) in the high seas between fishing nations having traditionally enjoyed the principle of the freedom of the high seas and costal states, (b) in the EEZ between fishing nations and costal states possessing the exclusive jurisdiction over living marine resources and sovereign rights for determining allowable catch and the surplus in its EEZ. The article can be divided into four main parts. First, both the general principles of the settlement of international disputes, and the nature and procedures described in the UNCLOS are introduced. Second, it gives cases of tuna long-liner, North Pacific trawler and squid jigger occurred in the coastal states EEZ, and analyses the problem in both terms of its background and final judgment. It further describes the possible issues in case it depends on the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea for its settlement. Third, closely tied to above, important points such as the right of hot pursuit, prompt release of vessel and crew, and the limits of cooperation with costal states inspector on board fishing vessels are considered mostly based on the UNCLOS, Bilateral Agreement and UNIA. Finally, the article concludes as follows ; The need for broad analyses on the nature of international suits and legal system for the settlement, to win the case before the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea or coastal states court, is really acknowledged. However, considering the lack of previous studies about it, it is preferably recommended that governmental efforts for making legal standards to cover the judicial costs, for helping industry out of becoming bankrupt.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.104-113
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• 2008

Due to the increasing needs of land supply, green space has been continuously encroached and resulted considerable naturality deterioration in Korea. In order to overcome the problem, it is necessary to introduce a integrated system for managing the quantitative and qualitative aspects of green space. With this regard, this study is to derive the feasibility for the adoption of the 'no net loss of green' policy to Korea from German and Japanese experiences. In Germany, natural resources are protected and inevitable damages were compensated through the adoption of 'interference regulation'. In Japanese case, future green space and artificial green foundation should be specified on the green basic plan which pursuit the improvement of naturality. In order to introduce the 'no net loss of green' policy to Korea, not only awareness raising on integrated green management system but also amendment of related regulations are needed. In detail, restoration and recovery on the damaged nature should be clearly elucidated and indicators to evaluate the current naturality and calculation methods for the restoration should be developed. Should this integrated green management system introduced, deterioration of naturality by development activities could be minimized thorough the adoption of land development permission criteria and green space management methodologies.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.517-525
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the important changes and the trends in Korean newspaper articles related to 1) food habits and food consumption patterns 2) nutrition, health and diseases 3) food safety and policy. The method used in this study was content analysis of the articles pressed in Donga ilbo and Choseun ilbo from January 1960 to June 1996. Among the total 1814 articles, those on nutrition, health and disease were 922 (50.8%), food safety and policy were 490 (27%) and food habits and consumption patterns were 402 (22.2%). The articles related to food habits and consumption patterns dealt with four contents, food habits reformation, changes in food consumption patterns, nutritional status and food habits. The frequencies of food habits content were highest (51.1%) and especially increased in 1980's and 1990's as the concerns on health and pursuit of convenience were increased. Most of contents related to food habits were health and longevity diet (44%) and eating out (27.5%). The percentile of food habits reformation, the changes in food consumption patterns and nutritional status were 20.1%, 18.4% and 10.0%, respectively. The contents of food habits reformation were most interested in 1960's when food shortage and poverty prevailed. Nowadays, the major subjects of food habits reformation were changed to the problem of wastage and the use of our agricultural foods. The frequencies of change in food consumption patterns were gradually increased from 1960's (7 item) to June 1996 (34 items). And the most of contents related to nutritional status were focused on suffering from food shortage especially in 1960's.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.466-474
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the enhancing creative competency and changes in academic challenge for the pre-service teachers. For this purpose, 94 pre-service teachers participated in project learning through the preparation of the convergence instruction and the class demonstration during one semester. The pre and post questionnaire survey was conducted the measurement of creative leader competence and K-NSSE for academic challenge. Analysis of data was performed using the IBM SPSS 18.0 program for the corresponding sample t test. The creative competency included 'higher mental thinking', 'problem solving', 'curiosity', 'sensitivity' 'task commitment', 'the pursuit of social value', and 'co-operations and considerations'. This results was significant(p< .05). Academic challenge, high-order learning domain and learning strategies domain were significant(p< .05). Based on this, in order to generalize the convergence education and convergence lesson, it is necessary to design various convergence lessons and practice study to make a plan and practice it. In addition, the implications for the necessity of correcting and supplementing the effects after repeated convergence lessons were discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.136-154
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• 2021

'Slow fashion' has become a hot issue in the fashion world as fast fashion has caused environmental and ethical problems. This study synthesized the characteristics of slow fashion from preceding studies and organized them into four characteristics (craftsmanship, nature-friendly attitude, localism, and pursuit of exclusive value). This study compared designers, John Alexander Skelton and Geoffrey B. Small with four characteristics. First, both designers sought craftsmanship based on tailoring, but Skelton focused on the eco-friendliness of materials, and Small emphasized the development of high-quality fabrics. Second, we found a nature-friendly attitude in both designers, but unlike Skelton, which maintains nature-friendliness in the process of clothing production, Small showed this characteristic through presentations. Third, both designers revealed localism through their affection for the fabrics and culture of each country. Moreover, Small extended its meaning to respect minority tastes. Finally, both designers pursued exclusive values through collections under the themes of class problem, and gender conflicts. However, Skelton melted these topics into British culture and revealed them indirectly versus Small who showed sensitive topics directly in the collections. This study will provide the foundation for analyzing designers through the characteristics of slow fashion, and suggests directions that slow fashion designers should move towards.