• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.274-278
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• 2003

The various plant organs of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) were investigated to identify their volatile components using Dynamic Headspace (purge & trap). They showed slight differences concerning the volatile components both qualitatively and quantitatively. Results revealed that trans-anethole (12.65%) was the major compound in the leaf. The highest compound was ${\alpha}-pinene$ (28.78%), and trans-anethole (7.90%) was highly detected in the stem. The maximum values were 5.64, 4.59, 1.58, 1.51, and 1.04% for ${\alpha}-pinene,\;{\gamma}-terpinene,\;{\beta}-pinene$, 1,8-cineol and fenchone, respectively in the flower. However, very little trans-anethole was detected (0.27%) in the flower. From these results, it was suggested that the major components were different depending on the plant organs. However it was demonstrated that the related plant organs like flower-fruit and leaf-stem contained the similar components.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.223-229
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• 2013

Objectives: In an effort to examine the distribution of THMs (Trihalomethane) generated from chlorine disinfection by the drinking water treatment plants located on the east coast region of Gangwon-do, this study surveyed the distribution and concentrations of each component of THMs twice per month for 5 years from 2008 to 2012. Fluctuation pattern in the seasonal generation amount was identified. In addition, the correlation between the concentration of organic substances in water and THMs was assessed, along with stability of purified water quality supplied by the water treatment plants on the east coast by analyzing the composition ratio of each component that constitutes THMs and the detection frequency. Method: The research was done on purified water supplied by 29 water treatment plants in 7 cities and counties (Goseong-gun, Sokcho-si, Yangyang-gun, Gangneung-si, Donghae-si, Samcheok-si, Taebaek-si) located in Gangwon-do on the east coast. Water samples were collected twice a month from 2008 to 2012 and were investigate for chloroform, bromodichloromethane (BDCM), dibromochloromethane (DBCM), and bromoform, based on analysis through Purge-Trap (Tekmar 3000) devices using FID-attached GC (HP 6890, Hewlett Packard). Result: THMs concentration detected at Gangneung-si was 0.0086mg/L, Goseong-gun 0.0019mg/L, Donghae-si 0.0099 mg/L, Samcheok-si 0.0016 mg/L, Sokcho-si 0.0057 mg/L, Yangyang-gun 0.0027 mg/L and Taebaek-si 0.0038 mg/L. As the THMs composition rate, chloroform constitutes 51.4% followed bybromodichloromethane 22.3%, bromoform 15.2% and dibromochloromethane 11.1% respectively. Conclusion: Throughout the entire THMs survey areas and period, the maximum concentration was 0.072mg/L, which did not exceed the water quality standards (0.1 mg/L), and the overall average concentration was very low at 0.0044 mg/L.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.166-171
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• 2014

The aim of this study is to examine the influences of spices on the amounts and compositions of volatile compounds released from cooked beef patty. Beef patty with 0.5% of spice (nutmeg, onion, garlic, or ginger powder, w/w) was cooked by electronic pan until they reached an internal temperature of $75^{\circ}C$. A total of 46 volatile compounds (6 alcohols, 6 aldehydes, 5 hydrocarbons, 6 ketones, 9 sulfur compounds, and 14 terpenes) from cooked beef patties were detected by using purge-and-trap GC/MS. The addition of nutmeg, onion, or ginger powder significantly reduced the production of the volatile compounds via lipid oxidation in cooked beef patty when compared to those from the control. Also, the addition of nutmeg and garlic powder to beef patty generated a lot of trepans or sulfur volatile compounds, respectively. From these results, the major proportion by chemical classes such as alcohols, aldehydes, hydrocarbons, ketones, sulfur compounds, and terpenes was different depending on the spice variations. The results indicate that addition of spices to the beef patty meaningfully changes the volatile compounds released from within. Therefore, it can be concluded that spices can interact with meat aroma significantly, and thus, the character of each spice should be considered before adding to the beef patty.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.29-37
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• 2005

Recently, significant contamination problems by residual chemicals have occasionally been occurred from major rivers and drinking water in Korea. Therefore, the management for use of them and risk assessment should be more strictly performed. In this study, we have analyzed trihalomethanes in treated water samples taken from water plants located in the region of four major rivers (i.e. Han river, Geum river, Youngsan river and Nakdong river) in Korea for eight years (1997～2004). From the data, we could assess the excess cancer risk by calculating the chronic daily intakes (CDI) multiplied by individual oral slope factors, Q₁＊, for the cancer suspected matters such as trihalomethanes, moreover the hazard index which is calculated by dividing the CDI by the acceptable daily reference dose (R/sub f/D) was determined for the risk assessment. As a result, in the case of 95 percentile excess cancer risk, it was shown that the excess cancer risk for dichlorobromomethane in the Nakdong river region is highest among the tested samples as 8.73 x 10/sup -6/. The 95 percentile total hazard index (the sum of individual hazard indices considering R/sub f/D), in addition, was below 1.0 for all samples, and therefore it was assessed that water samples taken from treatment plants of four major rivers are not harmful.

• 분석과학
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.274-285
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• 2001

본 연구는 ppb와 ppt 정도의 농도 수준으로 존재하고 있는 대기 중 휘발성 유기화합물을 분석하기 위해 열탈착-저온농축-GC/FID/FPD를 개발하였다. 그리고 고체흡착제가 충진된 흡착관과 자체 제작한 휴대용 가스채취기를 사용하여 강원도 춘천지역에 위치한 근화동과 혈동리 생활폐기물 매립장에서 배출되는 VOCs를 채취하였다. 저온농축방법으로는 분석컬럼을 직접 저온 농축하는 on-column 저온 농축장치와 0.8mm loop를 이용한 저온농축장치를 서로 비교 검토해 보았다. On-column 저온농축법은 loop에 비해 분리능은 좋으나 흡착관에 채취한 시료를 저온농축할 때 요구되는 50 psi의 높은 탈착압력으로 인해 흡착관의 SwageLok fitting이 마모되어 가스가 새는 문제점이 발생하였다. 이에 반해 탈착압력을 낮추고 탈착유량을 늘리기 위해 설계한 loop 경우에는 탈착압력이 0.4 psi로 on-column에 비해 매우 낮아 가스가 새는 것을 방지할 수 있었다. 열탈착-저온농축-GC/FID/FPD로 분석한 근화동과 혈동리 생활폐기물 매립장에서 검출된 물질로는 toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene등 탄화수소류와 악취물인 styrene, limonene, dimethyl disulfide 등이 검출되었다. 그리고 매립지에서 방출되는 VOCs는 매립되는 폐기물의 조성과 매립기간에 따라 다르게 나타났다. 검출된 화합물은 저온농축-GC/MS를 이용하여 확인하였다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.204-210
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• 2006

유자의 부위별 주요 화학적 성분을 조사하기 위하여 ,일반성분, 무기질, 유리당, 유기산, 아미노산 및 향기성분 등을 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 유자의 부위별 비율은 과피가 44.7%, 과육이 42.9% 및 씨가 12.4%로 나타났다. 조단백질, 조지방 및 조회분은 과피가 과육에 비하여 더 높게 나타났으며, 수분, 탄수화물 및 가용성물질은 과육이 과피보다 높게 나타났다. 당은 과피에 6.2%, 과육에 9.8% 이며 과피는 과당이 3.3%로 가장 많고, 과육은 포도당이 4.3%로 가장 많은 비율을 차지하고 있다. 무기물은 K가 과피에 309 mg%, 과육에 175 mg% 이었고, 인(P)은 과피에 15.9 mg%, 과육에 22.4 mg%로서 인을 제외하고는 과피에 무기질의 함량이 높았다. 유기산은 6종이 검출되었는데, 유기산의 총량은 과피 4.6%, 과육 6.6%이었다. 과피는 구연산, 수산, 사과산 순으로 많았으며, 과육은 구연산, 사과산, 수산의 순이었다. 구성아미노산은 과피에 671.9 mg% 과육에 315.7 mg% 함유되었으며, 그 함유 순서는 과피와 과육 공히 aspartic acid, proline, glutamic acid, histidine이었고, 유리아미노산은 과피 324mg%, 과육280mg%이며 과피와 과육 공히 proline, serine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid의 순이었다. 이들은 아미노산은 함량이 높아 전체의 대부분을 차지한 반면 다른 아미노산은 낮은 함유량을 보이고 있다. 유자의 향기성분은 약49여종이 분리되었으며 그 중 26종을 동정할 수 있었고, 과피는 추출법에 관계없이 limonene 80%, terpinene 10%로서 이 2가지 성분이 대부분을 차지하였으나, 과육에서는 증류법이 linalool(28%)과 limonene(21%), Purge & trap방법이 limonene(81%)과 carene(8%) 및 methanol추출법 이 limonene(40%)과 linalcol (11%)등으로 각각 나타나 추출방법에 따라서 주 성분과 조성 비율이 차이를 보였다.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.197-205
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• 2002

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are an important public health problem throughout the world. Many important questions remain to be addressed in assessing exposure to these compounds. Because they are ubiquitous and highly volatile, special techniques must be applied in the analytical determination of VOCs. Personal exposure measurements are needed to evaluate the relationship between microenvironmental concentrations and actual exposures. It is also important to investigate exposure frequency, duration, and intensity, as well as personal exposure characteristics. In addition to air monitoring, biological monitoring may contribute significantly to risk assessment by allowing estimation of absorbed doses, rather than just the external exposure concentrations, which are evaluated by environmental and personal monitoring. This study was conducted to establish the analytic procedure of VOCs in air, blood, urine and exhaled breath and to evaluate the relationships among these environmental media. The subjects of this study were selected because they are occupationally exposed to high levels of VOCs. Environmental, personal, blood, urine and exhalation samples were collected. Purge ＆ trap, thermal desorber, gas chromatography and mass selective detector were used to analyze the collected samples. Analytical procedures were validated with the“break through test”, 'quot;recovery test for storage and transportation”,“method detection limit test”and“inter-laboratory QA/QC study”. Assessment of halogenated compounds indicted that they were significantly correlated to each other (p value < 0.01). In a similar manner, aromatic compounds were also correlated, except in urine sample. Linear regression was used to evaluate the relationships between personal exposures and environmental concentrations. These relationships for aromatic and halogenated are as follows: Halogen $s_{personal}$ = 3.875+0.068Halogen $s_{environmet}$, ($R^2$= .930) Aromatic $s_{personal}$ = 34217.757-31.266Aromatic $s_{environmet}$, ($R^2$= .821) Multiple regression was used to evaluate the relationship between exposures and various exposure deter-minants including, gender, duration of employment, and smoking history. The results of the regression model-ins for halogens in blood and aromatics in urine are as follows: Halogen $s_{blood}$ = 8.181+0.246Halogen $s_{personal}$+3.975Gender ($R^2$= .925), Aromatic $s_{urine}$ = 249.565+0.135Aromatic $s_{personal}$ -5.651 D.S ($R^2$ = .735), In conclusion, we have established analytic procedures for VOC measurement in biological and environmental samples and have presented data demonstrating relationships between VOCs levels in biological media and environmental samples. Abbreviation GC/MS, Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometer; VOCs, Volatile Organic Compounds; OVM, Organic Vapor Monitor; TO, Toxic Organicsapor Monitor; TO, Toxic Organics.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.958-964
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• 2002

방사선 조사된 닭고기에서 휘발성 조사물질을 선정하기 위하여 각 선량별(0,1,3,5,10 kGy)로 조사된 닭고기를 시료로 하여 P&T법으로 휘발성 성분을 추출한 후 GC/MS법으로 분석하였으며, 동시에 LLCE법의 단점을 보완한 상보적인 분석방법으로서의 가능성을 제시하고자 하였다 그 결과 P&T/GC/MS법에 의해 총 119종의 휘발성 성분이 검출되었으며 이는 알데히드류(7종), 케톤류(22종), 알콜류(8종), 에스테르화합물류(30종), 탄화수소류(36종), 방향족화합물류(8종) 및 기타 화합물류(8종)로 구성되어 있었다. 이중 21종의 화합물이 LLCE법과 공통적으로 검출되었고, 나머지 98종은 P&T법 에 의해서만 검출됨으로서 LLCE법과 P&T법을 동시에 사용할 경우 더욱 폭넓은 휘발성 향기성분의 분석이 가능하였다. 그리고 P&T법에 의해 추출된 휘발성 향기 성분중 방사선 조사선량과 함량간의 회귀분석 및 상관분석을 행한 결과 hexene, propanol 및 1,3 bis(1,1-dimethylethy)benzene 등 3종의 휘발성 화합물이 유의적인(p<0.01 또는 p<0.05) 양의 상관성 (r)0.90)을 나타내어 P&T법에 의한 닭고기의 방사선 조사 판별을 위한 표지물질로 선정되었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.1035-1042
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• 2000

메주와 콩고오지로 담금한 혼용고추장의 숙성 과정 중 휘발성 향기성분을 포집하여 GC-MSD로 분석, 동정한 결과 알코올 13종, 에스테르 17종, 유기산 7종, 알데하이드 6종, 기타 9종 등 52종의 향기성분이 동정되었다. 동정된 향기성분 수는 담금일에 알코올 7종, 에스테르 9종 등 24종이었으나, 30일에 알코올 1종, 에스테르 3종을 비롯한 6종이 추가 검출되어 30종으로 증가하였다. 150일에는 49종으로 향기성분 수가 최대에 달하였다. 숙성 전과정을 통하여 검출된 향기 성분은 에탄올, 2-methyl-1-propanol, 3-methyl-butanol, 1-butanol 등 알코올류 6종, ethyl acetate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl caproate, ethyl carpylate 등 에스테르류 9종, 산류 2종, 알데하이드 2종, 기타 3종 등 22종이었다. 향기성분의 면적 비율은 담금일과 30일에 1-butanol이, 숙성 60일, 90일 및 150일에 에탄올이, 120일에 3-methyl-1-butanol이 각각 가장 높았고 숙성기간에 따라서는 ethyl acetate, 2-methyl-1-propanol, ethyl butyrate, acetaldehyde, ethoxyethene, ethenone, methylbenzene의 면적 비율도 높았다.

• 분석과학
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.23-35
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• 2021

In order to measure the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of a sample which is too large to use commercially available chamber, a stainless steel vacuum chamber (VC) (with an internal diameter of 205 mm and a height of 50 mm) was manufactured and the temperature of the chamber was controlled using an oven. After concentrating the volatiles of the sample in the chamber by helium gas, it was made possible to remove residual volatile substances present in the chamber under reduced pressure ((2 ± 1) × 10-2 mmHg). The chamber was connected to a purge & trap (P&T) using a 6 port valve to concentrate the VOCs, which were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) after thermal desorption (VC-P&T-GC-MS). Using toluene, the toluene recovery rate of this device was 85 ± 2 %, reproducibility was 5 ± 2 %, and the detection limit was 0.01 ng L-1. The method of removing VOCs remaining in the chamber with helium and the method of removing those with reduced pressure was compared using Korean drinking water regulation (KDWR) VOC Mix A (5 μL of 100 ㎍ mL-1) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT, 2 μL of 500 ㎍ mL-1). In case of using helium, which requires a large amount of gas and time, reduced pressure ((2 ± 1) × 10-2 mmHg) only during the GC-MS running time, could remove VOCs and BHT to less than 0.1 % of the original injection concentration. As a result of analyzing volatile substances using VC-P&T-GC-MS of six types of cell phone case, BHT was detected in four types and quantitatively analyzed. Maintaining the chamber at reduced pressure during the GC-MS analysis time eliminated memory effect and did not affect the next sample analysis. The volatile substances in a cell phone case were also analyzed by dynamic headspace (HT3) and GC-MS, and the results of the analysis were compared with those of VC-P&T-GC-MS. Considering the chamber volume and sample weight, the VC-P&T configuration was able to collect volatile substances more efficiently than the HT3. The VC-P&T-GC-MS system is believed to be useful for VOCs measurement of inhomogeneous large sample or devices used inside clean rooms.