• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.165-186
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• 2007

With the advent of a wide variety of Internet shopping malls, consumers can choose a best appealing shopping mall from among the Bricks-and-Clicks and Pure-Player malls. Pure-Players launched their operation grandiosely with the early stage of Internet use in 1995. However, after the burst of Dot-com company bubbles in 1997, Pure-Players introduce various types of business models to meet potential needs of consumers. While Pure-Players suffer skeptical views from market analysts as well as consumers, traditional offline companies learned important lessons from Dot-com companies collapse phenomena, and expanded their business channels into online in the name of Bricks-and-Clicks. Nowadays, Bricks-and-Clicks successfully establish in the market as one of reliable business partners among consumers. Therefore, it is no surprise that recent competitions between Bricks-and Clicks and Pure-Players become fiercer than ever to attract potential customers to their websites. In this situation, consumers can choose a shopping mall to their best satisfaction. Consumers can enjoy both offline and online options for shopping because Bricks-and Clicks provide both offline and online channels to consumers, which is compared with Pure-Players offering only online channel. Offline channel is unique in providing consumers with chances to touch and feel target products and services. Meanwhile, online channel is considered very viable and convenient shopping options for consumers. In this respect, it is easily assumed that consumers will show different online shopping behavior when they have to choose either Bricks-and-Clicks mall or Pure-Player mall for the sake of shopping. Remaining research issue in this case is how much consumers' schema would influence online shopping behavior between Bricks-and-Clicks and Pure-Players. Basically, schema is a framework for synthetic information recognition that individual consumers have and is very characteristic in that it focuses not on fragmentary facts but on the combination of various causes affecting results. Consumers' schema is closely represented by trust, structural assurance, and perceived relative advantage towards a specific type of shopping mall. In literature, there exist a lot of studies comparing Bricks-and-Clicks and Pure-Players. However, there is no study to pursue the analysis of consumer behaviors comparing Bricks-and Clicks and Pure-Players from the schema perspective. Therefore, this study aims to investigate this research gap. Empirical analysis is adopted by garnering valid questionnaires from 514 Internet shopping mall users. 237 were mainly using Bricks-and-Clicks for shopping, while 277 were found to visit Pure-Players for shopping. PLS was applied to analyze the survey data to verify the proposed research hypotheses. Findings from the empirical test results are as follows. First, consumers perceive more trust and relative advantage in Pure-Players, comparing with Bricks-and-Clicks. This result is against widely-accepted perception that Bricks-and-Clicks would be perceived by consumers as more trustworthy and relatively advantageous because they have offline reputation and stores. Therefore, it becomes more obvious that Internet is becoming daily necessaries, and consumers increasingly feel very comfortable in using the Internet for their own personal purposes. Second, consumers have firm faith in transaction safety, regardless Bricks-and-Clicks and Pure-Players. This seems due to the fact that most of shopping malls showing dubious transaction safety have no place in the market. In a nutshell, empirical results tell us that Pure-Players will grow very much in the future, to the extent that consumers perceive no difference in comparison with Bricks-and-Clicks. Besides, consumers' schema accumulated through trust and perceived relative advantage plays crucial role in determining consumer behavior.

• 복식
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.75-84
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• 2004

Stage costumes perform not only the instrumental but also the expressive functions. The major goal of this study is to develop the functional and aesthetic costume designs for musical players considering the characteristics of instruments. players’ postures. The scope of this study is restricted to the musical costumes for female adult soloists playing the wind and string instruments. This study is composed of theory research, empiricalresearch and manufacturing a real costume. First, theory research contains theory of musical costumes and that of pure musical areas. Concept, characteristics and wearing effects are analysed in theory of musical costumes. Second, designs of instruments and playing postures are analysed in the theory of pure musical areas. Proper and improper designs are compared based on the survey asking the favorite designs of 56 wind and string players. Third, I manufacture a stage costume for a harpist. The conclusions of this study are as follows. First, wind and string players think the functionality of costumes more importantly than the esthetic sense. And there are differences in design preferences for different playing postures. Second, string Players basically use arms, fingers and the upper body. Wind players use fingers more than string players and do abdominal breathing. Third, string players think the design of arms and sleeves because of frequent usage of bow and prefer the design without sleeves. On the contrary, wind players think the silhouette importantly because of standing playing posture. Fourth, players don't think that the accessory is not important and want it so long as it doesn't hinder playing. Fifth, shoes plays more important role than costume in case of playing posture with using pedals and moving legs frequently. Lastly, both wind and string players prefer the design with simplicity and comfort most.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.415-420
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• 2023

Since 2017, the application of VR technology in the game field has become more and more extensive, and more and more scholars have conducted research on VR games, especially VR horror games. This article will conduct research on VR horror games and scrolling scroll games through comparative analysis, and believes that VR horror games are much stronger than side scrolling scrolling games in terms of immersion. However, due to its unique flat third-person perspective, completely different operation methods and the existence of 'the fourth wall in side-scrolling horror games, Players can clearly realize that they are in an absolutely safe environment, and that they are just manipulators of game characters, not experiencers of terrorist events, so players will not receive excessive fright. Therefore, this article believes that the number of players who like side-scrolling horror games with certain horror elements is greater than the number of players who like pure VR horror games.Many traditional games in this paper have their own advantages in many aspects. For example, many traditional games such as horizontal games also have good development prospects in the future. We should promote the research on games in the academic community from multiple angles, not limited to popular VR games.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.56-63
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 청소년들의 MP3 사용 실태와 그에 따른 청력역치를 평가했다. 청소년들의 MP3 사용률은 지속적으로 증가하고 있으며 청력과 관련하여 위험요소가 되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 광주 지역의 2개 고등학교에 재학 중인 남녀 538명을 대상으로 MP3의 사용 실태를 조사하고 청력 역치를 측정하여 사용 유형별로 상관성을 평가했다. 분석 결과, 하루중 1시간 이상 MP3 사용률이 61.1%였으며, 주당 4일 이상 사용하는 비율이 71.6%이고, 3년 이상 사용한 경우가 36.7%로 나타났다. 조사대상의 51%가 볼륨 크기를 60%이상으로 듣고 있으며 귀 통증을 인식하고 있었다. MP3를 장시간 사용하며 소리를 크게 듣는 청소년과 그렇지 않은 청소년들의 청력은 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다 (p< 0.0001).

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.197-207
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• 2015

야구경기에서 타자의 능력을 평가하는 중요 측도에는 타율, 타점, 홈런, 득점, 출루율 등이 있지만 최근에는 타자의 능력을 OPS, ISO, SECA, TA, RC, XR 등과 같은 포괄적인 지표를 사용하여 나타내는 경우가 많다. 이러한 지표들은 흔히 특정 기간 동안 얻은 데이터를 이용하여 계산된 것이기 때문에 기간에 따라 대체로 큰 편차를 보이는 경우가 많으며 특정 모수 (parameter)를 추정하는 것도 아니다. 본 연구에서는 한국프로야구 선수들의 순수한 타격 능력 (hitting ability)을 모수로 간주하여 통계적 방법으로 추정하고자한다. 타격 능력에 추정에는 타수 (at bat)가 반영된 베이지안 방법이 사용될 것이다.

• 대중서사연구
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.315-347
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• 2019

<이장호의 외인구단>과 <지옥의 링>은 1980년대 초반 출범한 프로스포츠의 인기가 만화, 영화로 확산된 현상을 대표하는 작품이다. 두 영화에는 1980년대의 시대 상황을 표상하는 요소들이 다양하게 포함돼 있다. 이 글은 두 편의 스포츠영화에 나타난 군사문화적인 요소, 프로스포츠와 돈의 관계, 프로선수의 사랑과 결혼을 통해 1980년대의 시대적 표상을 검토하고자 한다. <이장호의 외인구단>과 <지옥의 링>에서 군사문화적인 요소는 지도자들을 통해 드러난다. 손병호와 노 관장은 실패자, 낙오자인 선수들을 강하게 조련하기 위해 지옥훈련을 실시한다. 무인도 지옥훈련은 프로야구단의 동계 극기 훈련으로 확장됐다. 이러한 현상은 승리 지상주의와 군사문화의 부조리한 결합을 의미하며, 지도자들이 파국을 맞이하는 결말은 5공 군사정권의 몰락에 대한 메타포로 읽을 수 있다. 프로스포츠의 계약금, 연봉, 스카우트와 관련된 에피소드는 1980년대에 나타난 새로운 현상이다. 인물의 연애와 결혼에서 프로선수의 연봉이나 상금이 중요한 매개체가 되는 점도 시대상을 반영하는 요소들이다. 두 영화에서 주인공의 행적과 그 의미는 대조적이다. <이장호의 외인구단>의 오혜성은 경기에서의 승리 대신 사랑을 선택함으로써 강압적이고 폭력적인 지도자, 승리 지상주의, 돈에 매몰된 세속적인 욕망에 균열을 일으킨다. 오혜성의 행적은 군사문화와 성공 신화의 이데올로기에 억눌려 있던 대중들에게 카타르시스를 제공한다. 반면 <지옥의 링>의 오혜성은 세계챔피언이 되는 순간 사망하고, 엄지와의 사랑도 이루지 못한다. 즉 오혜성의 운명은 '승리한 패자'와 '패배한 승자'로 엇갈린다. <이장호의 외인구단>과 <지옥의 링>은 공통적으로 1980년대의 사회 현실을 표상하는 요소를 포함하고 있다. 하지만 <이장호의 외인구단>의 오혜성은 순수한 사랑이라는 가치를 제시함으로써 대중들에게 심리적 탈출구를 제공하고, <지옥의 링>의 오혜성은 패배감을 안겨준다. 주인공의 행적은 대중성의 차이를 가져온 요인으로 작용한다.

• 경영과학
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.61-71
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• 2000

Due to the potential growing capability that reflects future value, the market value of internet business companies (IB) are still evaluated high although major players like Amazon continuously suffer losses. Then, how do investors valuate the potential growing capabilities given that traditional financial/accounting based valuation approaches seem to be inappropriate for IB. This study attempts to provide an answer to this issue. We, therefore, analyzed the predictability of various accounting and non-accounting variables for IB value. These include book value, net income, unique visitors, page view, reach rate, public float and institutional holdings. Because of being in infant stage and difficulties in obtaining necessary web traffic data, sample of 20 pure IB were selected from Korea Stock Exchange Market, KOSDAQ, and informal market. The results of this study showed that web traffic date had the strongest relationship with IB value. In particular, unique visitors and reach rate were found to be best predictors for IB value while page view was reasonable indicator. Interestingly, net income was not found to related to IB value. This calls for an attention to the typical characteristics of IB that my hinder the usage of traditional valuation approaches for IB. Another results revealed that none of both public float and institutional holdings was significantly associated with IB value, indicating market’s supply-demand factors were less important than traffic information.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제59권12호
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• pp.2150-2156
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• 2010

In this paper, we investigate how an electricity capacity market design may encourage generators to exaggerate their available capacity. In order for an analytical approach, a two player game model is introduced. We focus on two pure strategy Nash equilibria: an equilibrium at which generators offer their true capacities, and an equilibrium at which generators offer exaggerated capacities. The latter case is caused by asymmetries of information between players and so called 'moral hazard' in terms of the economics literature. This paper shows that, considering practical electricity markets, the moral hazard case is highly probable. Moreover, it is shown that, with the considered capacity market design in the real world, the better the electricity energy market performs, the higher the risk of moral hazard becomes.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈B:순수및응용수학
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.141-160
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• 2022

From the past until now, political and economic relations among countries have been one of the most important issues among analysts and numerous studies have tried to analyze these relations from different theoretical perspectives. The dynamic system of games has introduced a new modeling method in the game theory. In this study, we use behavioral models (level- k) along with the dynamic system in games to model rational agent behavior. As an application, we study Russia- Norway economic and political relations (1970-2019). The dynamic system in games along with behavioral games theory can be used to predict the players behavior in the future.

• 한국게임학회 논문지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.109-118
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• 2015

고대 중국에서 기원된 바둑은 인공지능 분야에서 가장 어려운 도전 중의 하나로 간주된다. 지난 수년에 걸쳐 MCTS를 기반으로 하는 정상급 컴퓨터바둑 프로그램이 놀랍게도 접바둑에서 프로기사를 물리쳤다. MCTS는 게임이 끝날 때까지 일련의 무작위 유효착수를 시뮬레이션 하는 접근법이며, 기존의 지식기반 접근법을 대체했다. 저자는 MCTS의 변형인 UCT 알고리즘을 삼목 게임에 적용하여 최선의 첫 수를 찾고자 했으며, 순수 MCTS의 결과와 비교를 했다. 아울러 UCB 이해를 위한 다중슬롯머신 문제를 풀기 위해 엡실론-탐욕 알고리즘과 UCB 알고리즘을 소개 및 성능을 비교하였다.