• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.165-186
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• 2007

With the advent of a wide variety of Internet shopping malls, consumers can choose a best appealing shopping mall from among the Bricks-and-Clicks and Pure-Player malls. Pure-Players launched their operation grandiosely with the early stage of Internet use in 1995. However, after the burst of Dot-com company bubbles in 1997, Pure-Players introduce various types of business models to meet potential needs of consumers. While Pure-Players suffer skeptical views from market analysts as well as consumers, traditional offline companies learned important lessons from Dot-com companies collapse phenomena, and expanded their business channels into online in the name of Bricks-and-Clicks. Nowadays, Bricks-and-Clicks successfully establish in the market as one of reliable business partners among consumers. Therefore, it is no surprise that recent competitions between Bricks-and Clicks and Pure-Players become fiercer than ever to attract potential customers to their websites. In this situation, consumers can choose a shopping mall to their best satisfaction. Consumers can enjoy both offline and online options for shopping because Bricks-and Clicks provide both offline and online channels to consumers, which is compared with Pure-Players offering only online channel. Offline channel is unique in providing consumers with chances to touch and feel target products and services. Meanwhile, online channel is considered very viable and convenient shopping options for consumers. In this respect, it is easily assumed that consumers will show different online shopping behavior when they have to choose either Bricks-and-Clicks mall or Pure-Player mall for the sake of shopping. Remaining research issue in this case is how much consumers' schema would influence online shopping behavior between Bricks-and-Clicks and Pure-Players. Basically, schema is a framework for synthetic information recognition that individual consumers have and is very characteristic in that it focuses not on fragmentary facts but on the combination of various causes affecting results. Consumers' schema is closely represented by trust, structural assurance, and perceived relative advantage towards a specific type of shopping mall. In literature, there exist a lot of studies comparing Bricks-and-Clicks and Pure-Players. However, there is no study to pursue the analysis of consumer behaviors comparing Bricks-and Clicks and Pure-Players from the schema perspective. Therefore, this study aims to investigate this research gap. Empirical analysis is adopted by garnering valid questionnaires from 514 Internet shopping mall users. 237 were mainly using Bricks-and-Clicks for shopping, while 277 were found to visit Pure-Players for shopping. PLS was applied to analyze the survey data to verify the proposed research hypotheses. Findings from the empirical test results are as follows. First, consumers perceive more trust and relative advantage in Pure-Players, comparing with Bricks-and-Clicks. This result is against widely-accepted perception that Bricks-and-Clicks would be perceived by consumers as more trustworthy and relatively advantageous because they have offline reputation and stores. Therefore, it becomes more obvious that Internet is becoming daily necessaries, and consumers increasingly feel very comfortable in using the Internet for their own personal purposes. Second, consumers have firm faith in transaction safety, regardless Bricks-and-Clicks and Pure-Players. This seems due to the fact that most of shopping malls showing dubious transaction safety have no place in the market. In a nutshell, empirical results tell us that Pure-Players will grow very much in the future, to the extent that consumers perceive no difference in comparison with Bricks-and-Clicks. Besides, consumers' schema accumulated through trust and perceived relative advantage plays crucial role in determining consumer behavior.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.75-84
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• 2004

Stage costumes perform not only the instrumental but also the expressive functions. The major goal of this study is to develop the functional and aesthetic costume designs for musical players considering the characteristics of instruments. players’ postures. The scope of this study is restricted to the musical costumes for female adult soloists playing the wind and string instruments. This study is composed of theory research, empiricalresearch and manufacturing a real costume. First, theory research contains theory of musical costumes and that of pure musical areas. Concept, characteristics and wearing effects are analysed in theory of musical costumes. Second, designs of instruments and playing postures are analysed in the theory of pure musical areas. Proper and improper designs are compared based on the survey asking the favorite designs of 56 wind and string players. Third, I manufacture a stage costume for a harpist. The conclusions of this study are as follows. First, wind and string players think the functionality of costumes more importantly than the esthetic sense. And there are differences in design preferences for different playing postures. Second, string Players basically use arms, fingers and the upper body. Wind players use fingers more than string players and do abdominal breathing. Third, string players think the design of arms and sleeves because of frequent usage of bow and prefer the design without sleeves. On the contrary, wind players think the silhouette importantly because of standing playing posture. Fourth, players don't think that the accessory is not important and want it so long as it doesn't hinder playing. Fifth, shoes plays more important role than costume in case of playing posture with using pedals and moving legs frequently. Lastly, both wind and string players prefer the design with simplicity and comfort most.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.415-420
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• 2023

Since 2017, the application of VR technology in the game field has become more and more extensive, and more and more scholars have conducted research on VR games, especially VR horror games. This article will conduct research on VR horror games and scrolling scroll games through comparative analysis, and believes that VR horror games are much stronger than side scrolling scrolling games in terms of immersion. However, due to its unique flat third-person perspective, completely different operation methods and the existence of 'the fourth wall in side-scrolling horror games, Players can clearly realize that they are in an absolutely safe environment, and that they are just manipulators of game characters, not experiencers of terrorist events, so players will not receive excessive fright. Therefore, this article believes that the number of players who like side-scrolling horror games with certain horror elements is greater than the number of players who like pure VR horror games.Many traditional games in this paper have their own advantages in many aspects. For example, many traditional games such as horizontal games also have good development prospects in the future. We should promote the research on games in the academic community from multiple angles, not limited to popular VR games.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.56-63
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• 2013

This study surveyed MP3 player usage and evaluated its effect on hearing thresholds in high school students. It is reported an increase in risk factors for hearing loss in adolescents that paralleled the increase in sales of MP3 players. A total of 538 students in two high schools in Gwangju province participated in this study. The students completed questionnaires about their MP3 player use and their pure tone hearing thresholds were tested at several frequencies. The questionnaire results indicated that 61.1%, of the students listened to music on MP3 players for more than one hour per day, 71.6% listened for four or more days per week, and 36.7% had listened for more than 3 years. Listening at a high volume of 60% of the maximum level was reported by 51% and they recognized having ear pains. The pure tone hearing threshold was found to be raised for the adolescents who had a long history of MP3 listening at high volume (p< 0.0001).

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.197-207
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• 2015

In baseball game, the hitting ability of batter is frequently assessed by a batting average, a run batted in, a home run, a run scored, an on-base percentage, etc. Recently, more comprehensive indicators such as OPS, ISO, SECA, TA, RC and XR are often used. But, these measures generally shows large deviations since they are calculated from the data for a certain period of time, and they are not an estimate of a population parameter, either. In this paper, we will presume the pure hitting ability of the korea professional baseball players as a parameter which is depend upon at bat. We will estimate the parameter by using the Bayesian method.

• Journal of Popular Narrative
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.315-347
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• 2019

(1986) and (1987) represent the society of 1980s in which the professional baseball game was initiated to cover the irrational military culture. The love and marriage of sports players were the headlines of the media, and the yearly salary of the players was the hottest issue of conversation. The military culture is represented in the scenes where the coaches train the failures and inapt players in extreme drills. The films pinpoint the absurdity of military culture and win-at-all-costs mentality. The collapse of the dictatorial leadership at the end of the films is a metaphor for the collapse of the fifth Republic of Korea. The episodes where the players talk about contract money, and the trade of players and sports business were a new phenomenon of the 1980's. The fact that Oh Hyesung of chooses love instead of victory deals a big blow to the secular ambition for money, victory and dictatorial leadership. His option provides catharsis for an audience oppressed under military leadership and success driven ideology. On the other hand, Oh Hyesung of dies right at the moment of winning the world champion. He achieves neither love nor success. While Oh Hyesung of is a symbol of pure love and gives spiritual comfort to the audience, Oh Hyesung of gives a sense of hopelessness to the audience. Both of the two sports films reflect the representation of the 1980's but received opposing reviews from audiences.

• Korean Management Science Review
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.61-71
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• 2000

Due to the potential growing capability that reflects future value, the market value of internet business companies (IB) are still evaluated high although major players like Amazon continuously suffer losses. Then, how do investors valuate the potential growing capabilities given that traditional financial/accounting based valuation approaches seem to be inappropriate for IB. This study attempts to provide an answer to this issue. We, therefore, analyzed the predictability of various accounting and non-accounting variables for IB value. These include book value, net income, unique visitors, page view, reach rate, public float and institutional holdings. Because of being in infant stage and difficulties in obtaining necessary web traffic data, sample of 20 pure IB were selected from Korea Stock Exchange Market, KOSDAQ, and informal market. The results of this study showed that web traffic date had the strongest relationship with IB value. In particular, unique visitors and reach rate were found to be best predictors for IB value while page view was reasonable indicator. Interestingly, net income was not found to related to IB value. This calls for an attention to the typical characteristics of IB that my hinder the usage of traditional valuation approaches for IB. Another results revealed that none of both public float and institutional holdings was significantly associated with IB value, indicating market’s supply-demand factors were less important than traffic information.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.59 no.12
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• pp.2150-2156
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• 2010

In this paper, we investigate how an electricity capacity market design may encourage generators to exaggerate their available capacity. In order for an analytical approach, a two player game model is introduced. We focus on two pure strategy Nash equilibria: an equilibrium at which generators offer their true capacities, and an equilibrium at which generators offer exaggerated capacities. The latter case is caused by asymmetries of information between players and so called 'moral hazard' in terms of the economics literature. This paper shows that, considering practical electricity markets, the moral hazard case is highly probable. Moreover, it is shown that, with the considered capacity market design in the real world, the better the electricity energy market performs, the higher the risk of moral hazard becomes.

• The Pure and Applied Mathematics
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.141-160
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• 2022

From the past until now, political and economic relations among countries have been one of the most important issues among analysts and numerous studies have tried to analyze these relations from different theoretical perspectives. The dynamic system of games has introduced a new modeling method in the game theory. In this study, we use behavioral models (level- k) along with the dynamic system in games to model rational agent behavior. As an application, we study Russia- Norway economic and political relations (1970-2019). The dynamic system in games along with behavioral games theory can be used to predict the players behavior in the future.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.109-118
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• 2015

The game of Go originated from ancient China is regarded as one of the most difficult challenges in the filed of AI. Over the past few years, the top computer Go programs based on MCTS have surprisingly beaten professional players with handicap. MCTS is an approach that simulates a random sequence of legal moves until the game is ended, and replaced the traditional knowledge-based approach. We applied the UCT algorithm which is a MCTS variant to the game of Tic-Tac-Toe for finding the best first move, and compared it with the result generated by a pure MCTS. Furthermore, we introduced and compared the performances of epsilon-Greedy algorithm and UCB algorithm for solving the Multi-Armed Bandit problem to understand the UCB.