• 패션비즈니스
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.137-146
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• 2009

This study analyzed hierarchy of image for visual evaluation of flare skirt. This study analyzed expression words about flare skirt with frequency data of image expression words with different length and volume of flare. Stimuli for the study were set to be 4 different volume of flare ($90^{\circ}$, $180^{\circ}$, $270^{\circ}$, $360^{\circ}$) and 3 different length of skirt(48cm, 58cm, 68cm). Stimuli were made by using I-Designer which is Virtual Sewing System. From simulation of flare skirt, the subjects were asked to write down suggested adjective freely and selected 210 adjectives. With this, we chose total 38 adjectives considering frequencies in the pre-study. And we analyzed the combination process of expression words according to construction factor of flare skirt and hierarchy of image from dendrogram which was resulted by hierarchical cluster analysis. 'Feminine' got high score in all 12 flare skirt. When the skirt was short, it was vivid, and as the skirt got longer, ordinary and pure image showed. Also, as the volume of flare got larger, the average of visual effect was higher than visual image. Visual hierarchy construction according to construction factors of flare skirt could be divided into visual image and visual effect, and visual image was shown to be form 'A type - large volume of flare and short skirt length', 'H type-small volume of flare and short skirt length' and 'X type - large volume of flare and long skirt length'.

• Carbon letters
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.230-235
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• 2012

In this study, reduced graphene oxide/polyimide (r-GO/PI) composite films, which showed significant enhancement in their electrical conductivity, were successfully fabricated. GO was prepared from graphite using a modified Hummers method. The GO was used as a nanofiller material for the preparation of r-GO/PI composites by in-situ polymerization. An addition of 20 wt% of GO led to a significant decrease in the volume resistivity of composite films by less than nine orders of magnitude compared to that of pure PI films due to the electrical percolation networks of reduced GO created during imidization within the films. A tensile test indicated that the Young's modulus of the r-GO/PI composite film containing 20 wt% GO increased drastically from 2.3 GPa to 4.4 GPa, which was an improvement of approximately 84% compared to that of pure PI film. In addition, the corresponding tensile strength was found to have decreased only by 12%, from 113 MPa to 99 MPa.

• 식품보건융합연구
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• 제5권6호
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• pp.5-9
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• 2019

Desalination requires large energy. This experiment deals to desalinate brackish water through solar panels. The discharge from desalination plants is almost entirely water, and .01 percent is salt. Desalination is a process that extracts minerals from saline water. Solar-powered desalination technologies can be used to treat non-traditional water sources to increase water supplies in rural, arid areas. Water scarceness is a rising dilemma for large regions of the world. Access to safe, fresh and pure clean drinking water is one of the most important and prime troubles in different parts of the world. Among many of water cleansing technologies solar desalination/distillation/purification is one of the most sustainable and striking method engaged to congregate the supply of clean and pure drinkable water in remote areas at a very sound cost. Six types of dripper having discharge 3 - 8 lh-1 were installed one by one and measured discharge and volume of clean water indicated that at 6 lh-1 untreated water discharge have maximum evaporation and volume of clean water was 19.2 lh-1 at same temperature and radiations. Now strategy was developed that when increased the temperature the intake discharge of untreated water must be increased and salt drained water two times more than treated water.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.441-449
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• 1993

SiC particulate reinforced magnesium matrix composites were fabricated by melt stirring method. The effet of several factors on mechanical properties and the efficiency of melt stirring method from the viewpoint of these properties were investigated. The tensile strength increased and the elongation decreased with decrease of the particle size or the increase of the paticulate volume fraction for pure magnesium matrix and Mg-5%Zn alloy matrix composites. A longer stirring time improved the tensile strength of these composites. The tensile strength of Mg-5%Ca alloy matrix composites which shows no uniform paticulate distribution was a little lower than that of matrix alloy. Rapid solidification rate is preferred for the improved tensile strength of these composites. The pure magnesium matrix and Mg-5%Zn alloy matrix composites have tensile strength of about 400MPa. This value agrees with the tensile strength of some magnesium matrix composites fabricated by liquid infiltration method or powder metallurgy method at the same volume fraction of reinforcements of whisker or particle. Therefore, the melt stirring method which has the advantages of simple process is considered to be efficient in fabricating magnesium matrix composites.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.45-52
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• 1992

In this paper, combustion characteristics and engine performance varying with blending rate of fish oil using five test fuels, e.g.pure diesel oil and four types of sardine-oil-blended diesel oils, their blending rates by weight being 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% respectively, and operating condition of engine, were investigated experimentally both in the constant volume combustion bomb and in the engine. The results are summarized as follows: 1) In the bomb, the influence of temperature on ignition delay of sardine-oil-blended diesel oils was larger than that of pure diesel oil, and it tended to increase as the blending rate of fish oil increase sardine-oil-blended diesel oils. As far as the influence of pressure on ignition delay concerns, there was no significant difference with all the test fuels. 2) In the engine, the ignition delay of fish-oil- blended diesel oils was longer than that of pure diesel oil, and it tended to increase as the blending rate increases. In the bomb, the ignition delay in high temperature showed no significant difference between with pure diesel oil and with fish-oil-blended diesel oils, and it was especially short with 60% fish-oil-blended diesel oil. In low temperature, however, the delay became longer as the blending rate increase. 3) The combustion duration was shorter with fish-oil-blended diesel oils than with pure diesel oil and it became a little shorter as the blending rate increases. 4) The rate of fuel consumption showed no significant difference between with fish-oil-blended diesel oils and with prue diesel oil, although calorific value of fish oil was lower than that of diesel oil. 5) Smoke density in exhaust gas was lower with fish-oil-blended diesel oils than with pure diesel oil and the higher the blending rate was, the lower the smoke density became.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.35-44
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• 2009

In this study, boiling heat transfer coefficients(HTCs) and critical heat flux(CHF) are measured on a smooth square flat copper heater in a pool of pure water with and without carbon nano tubes(CNTs) dispersed at $60^{\circ}C$. Tested aqueous nanofluids are prepared using multi-walled CNTs whose volume concentrations are 0.0001, 0.001, 0.01, and 0.05%. For dispersion of CNTs, polyvinyl pyrrolidone(PVP) is used in distilled water. Pool boiling HTCs are taken from $10kW/m^2$ to critical heat flux for all nanofluids. Test results show that the pool boiling HTCs of the nanofluids are lower than those of pure water in entire nucleate boiling regime. On the other hand, critical heat flux is enhanced greatly showing up to 200% increase at volume concentration of 0.001% CNTs as compared to that of pure water. This is related to the change of surface characteristics by the deposition of CNTs. This deposition makes a thin CNT layer on the surface and the active nucleation sites of heat transfer surface are decreased due to this layer. The thin layer acts as the thermal resistance and also decreases the bubble generation rate resulting in a decrease in pool boiling HTCs. The same layer, however, maintains the nucleate boiling even at very high heat fluxes and reduces the formation of large vapor canopy at near CHF resulting in a significant increase in CHF.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.298-303
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• 2003

Bi$_4$-$_{x}$EU$_{x}$Ti$_3$O$_{12}$ (BET) thin films were etched by inductively coupled CF$_4$/Ar plasma. We obtained the maximum etch rate of 78 nm/min at the gas mixing ratio of CF$_4$(10%)/Ar(90%). The variation of volume density for F and Ar atoms are measured by the optical emission spectroscopy. As CF$_4$increased in CF$_4$/Ar plasma, the emission intensities of F increase, but Ar atoms decrease, which confirms our suggestion that emission intensity is proportional to the volume density of atoms. From X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the intensities of the Bi-O, the Eu-O and the Ti-O peaks are changed. By pure Ar plasma, intensity peak of the oxygen-metal (O-M : TiO$_2$, Bi$_2$O$_3$, Eu$_2$O$_3$) bond was seemed to disappear while the intensity of pure oxygen peak showed an opposite tendency. After the BET thin films was etched by CF$_4$/Ar plasma, the peak intensity of O-M bond increase slowly, but more quickly than that of peak belonged to pure oxygen atoms due to the decrease of Ar ion bombardment. Scanning electron microscopy was used to investigate etching Profile. The Profile of etched BET thin film was over 85$^{\circ}$./TEX>.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.251-257
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• 2013

음파수심측정이나 수심깊이의 측정은 최근 들어 정확도와 해상도, 대상영역의 확장에 따라 더욱 더 정교해지고 있다. 멀티빔 에코사운딩에 대한 수요가 증가한다 하더라도 싱글빔 에코사운딩은 많은 측량분야에서 싱글라인 수심단면을 얻기 위하여 여전히 사용되고 있다. 싱글빔 에코사운딩은 항정선에 따라 선박이 이동한 경로의 하나의 수심단면을 얻게 된다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 싱글빔 에코사운더에 GNSS수신기가 장착된 장비를 이용하여 남강댐 유역에서의 퇴적량을 산정하고자 하였다. GNSS측량은 기존의 연구와 달리 현장에서 기준국을 설치하지 않고 위성항법중앙사무소가 서비스하는 DGNSS NTRIP서비스를 이용하였다. 연구결과 남강댐 유역에서의 세굴량은 $603,650m^3$, 퇴적량은 $3,913,750m^3$, 그리고 순퇴적량은 $3,310,100m^3$인 것으로 나타났다. 또한 위성항법중앙사무소의 DGNSS NTRIP서비스를 활용한 에코사운딩 수심측량은 내륙지역에서도 그 유용성을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2003년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.4 No.2
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• pp.710-713
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• 2003

The PZT(KP12) powder was synthesized by sintering at $1250^{\circ}C$ for 2hrs and wet milling for 24 hrs. The PZT composite mixed with PVdF was fabricated into bulk, sheet, and plate type and the characteristics of three types were estimated. The bulk type which has PZT volume percent of 70 showed the best piezoelectric constant. Dielectric constant increased exponentially as an increase of PZT volume percent. The figure of merit of bulk and plate type was better than pure PZT over PZT volume percent of 50.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제59권4호
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• pp.644-651
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• 2021

Alkyl amines are widely used in various industries. Nowadays these are also used in CO₂ capture technology because amines react with CO₂ and remove it from the flue gas. To make the amines more compatible towards this technology, physico chemical properties may be altered by mixing with other solvents. In the present report, we measured the refractive properties of pure diisopropylamine (DIPA) (1) + isomeric butanol (2) at 298.15 K to 308.15 K. The 𝚫n values were positive for DIPA + n-butanol or sec-butanol or isobutanol or tert-butanol mixtures. The measured data was correlated with Redlich-Kister equation. The excess molar volume data were predicted from refractive index data using Nakata and Sakurai model. The experimental data were also predicted by various correlations, and the prediction capability of these correlations was reported through standard deviation. Further, the deviation in refractive index (𝚫n) data was interpreted by the consideration of specific molecular interactions between DIPA and isomeric butanol.