• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.20-27
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• 2021

Background: Incentive and penalty (I/P) programs are commonly used to increase employees' safety outcomes, but its influence on employees' safety outcomes is under-investigated. Moreover, under developed economies lack safety culture and there is dearth of literature focusing on empirical studies over there [1]. Based on these gaps, this study attempts to see the impact of I/P programs on safety outcomes in a developing country. Methods: The study was carried out in three stages, where Stage I revealed that selected 45 organizations were deficit of safety culture and practices, while only three firms were found good at safety practices. At Stage II, these three firms were divided in two clusters (groups), and were probed further at Stage III. At this stage group, one was manipulated by providing incentives (experimental group) and employees' responses in terms of safety motivation and performance were noticed. Results: It was observed that the experimental group's safety motivation and performance had improved (both for immediate and 1-month later performance). The results were further probed at Phase 3 (after 3 months), where it was found that the benefits of I/P programs were not long lasting and started replenishing. Conclusion: Findings of the study helped researchers conclude that safety incentives have only short-term influence on safety outcomes, while a long-term and permanent solution should be found.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.81-105
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• 2022

The use of concrete filled steel tube (CFST) column is widely accepted due to its property of high axial load carrying capacity, more ductility and more resistant to earthquake specially using in bridges and high-rise buildings. The initial imperfection (δ) that produces during casting or fixing causes the reduction in load carrying capacity, this is the reason, experimental capacity is always less then theoretical one. In this research, the effect of δ on load carrying capacity and behavior of concrete filled steel tube (CFST) column have been investigated by numerically simulation of large number of models with different δ and other geometric parameters that include length (L), width (B), steel tube thickness (t), f'_c and f_y. Finite element analysis software ANSYS v18 is used to develop model of SCFST column to evaluate strength capacity, buckling and failure pattern of member which is applied during experimental study under cyclic axial loading. After validation of results, 42 models with different parameters are evaluated to develop empirical equation predicting axial load carrying capacity for different value of δ. Results indicate that empirical equation shows the 0 to 9% error for finite element analysis Forty-two models in comparison with ANSYS results, respectively. Empirical equation can be used for predicting the axial capacity of early estimating the axial capacity of SCFT column including 𝛿.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.151-159
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• 2024

Twin clutch model enables the power-shifts as conventional planetary automatic transmission and eradicates the disadvantages of single clutch trans- mission. The automatic control of the dual clutches is a problem. Particularly to control the clutching component that engages when running in one direction of revolution and disengages when running the other direction, which exchange the torque smoothly during torque phase of the gearshifts on planetary-type automatic transmissions, seemed for quite a while hard to compensate through clutch control. Another problem is to skip gears during multiple gearshifts. However, the twin clutch gear control described in ["M Goetz, M C Levesley and D A Crolla. Dynamics and control of gearshifts on twin clutch transmissions, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 2005"], a significant improvement in twin clutch gear control system is discussed. In this research our objective is to formally specify the twin clutch gear control system and verify it with the help of formal methods. Formal methods have a high potential to give correctness estimating techniques. We use UPPAAL for formal specification and verification. Our results show that the twin clutch gear control model partially fulfills its functional requirements.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.119-128
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• 2024

The moveable ad hoc networks are untrustworthy and susceptible to any intrusion because of their wireless interaction approach. Therefore the information from these networks can be stolen very easily just by introducing the attacker nodes in the system. The straight route extent is calculated with the help of hop count metric. For this purpose, routing protocols are planned. From a number of attacks, the wormhole attack is considered to be the hazardous one. This intrusion is commenced with the help of couple attacker nodes. These nodes make a channel by placing some sensor nodes between transmitter and receiver. The accessible system regards the wormhole intrusions in the absence of intermediary sensor nodes amid target. This mechanism is significant for the areas where the route distance amid transmitter and receiver is two hops merely. This mechanism is not suitable for those scenarios where multi hops are presented amid transmitter and receiver. In the projected study, a new technique is implemented for the recognition and separation of attacker sensor nodes from the network. The wormhole intrusions are triggered with the help of these attacker nodes in the network. The projected scheme is utilized in NS2 and it is depicted by the reproduction outcomes that the projected scheme shows better performance in comparison with existing approaches.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.344-350
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• 1998

Seasonal variations in the feeding behaviour of Jamunapari and Barbari goat breeds and their utilization of browse and grass nutrients was evaluated in a promising 3-tier (Leucaena leucocephala- Dichro-stachys nutan-Cenchrus ciliaris) reconstituted pasture during summer, rainy and winter season of the years 1987 and 1988. Distinct diurnal pattern of feeding was observed with both the breeds. Jamunapari goats spent significantly more time foraging during winter season (352.0 min) followed by summer (306.0 min) and least in rainy season (277.0 min). Though no significant difference was observed in the relative time spent by Barbari goats on grazing activities during summer and winter season, they spent significantly more (p < 0.05) time during rainy season as compared to other two seasons. The preference of grazing goats for certain plant species in relation to others was evident with distinct seasonal and breed variations. DM intake (g/kg $BW^{075}$) varied significantly (p < 0.05) from season to season. Among the browse. L. leucocephala was prefered over D. nutan irrespective of breed over the seasons. There was no breed difference in DM intake, or proximate composition and nutrient digestibility of ingested herbage. The available nutrient content of ingested forage was found sufficient to meet the nutrient requirements of adult goats for maintenance (NRC, 1981). The reconstituted 3-tier pasture dominated by plant species like L. leucocephala and Cenchrus species appear to have great potential to sustain the nutrient requirement of goats without adverse seasonal fluctuations in pasture quality.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.1071-1086
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• 2003

Reproductive biotechnologies continue to be developed for genetic improvement of both river and swamp buffalo. Although artificial insemination using frozen semen emerged some decades back, there are still considerable limitations. The major problem appears to be the lack of efficient methods for estrus detection and timely insemination. Controlled breeding experiments in the buffalo had been limited and similar to those applied in cattle. Studies on multiple ovulation and embryo transfer are essentially a replica of those in cattle, however with inherent problems such as lower number of primordial follicles on the buffalo ovary, poor fertility and seasonality of reproduction, lower population of antral follicles at all stages of the estrous cycle, poor endocrine status and a high incidence of deep atresia in ovarian follicles, the response in terms of transferable embryo recovery has remained low with 0.51 to 3.0 per donor and pregnancy rates between 15 to 30%. In vitro production of buffalo embryos is a valid alternative to recovery of embryos by superovulation. This aspect received considerable attention during the past decade, however the proportion of embryos that develops to the blastocyst stage is still around 25-30% and hence the in vitro culture procedures need substantial improvement. Embryo cryopreservation procedures for direct transfer post thaw need to be developed for bubaline embryos. Nuclear transfer and embryo cloning is a technique that has received attention in various species during recent years and can be of immense value in buffaloes as they have a low rate of embryo recoveries by both in vitro and in vivo procedures. Gender pre-selection, genome analysis, gene mapping and gene transfer are a few of the techniques that have been studied to a limited extent during recent years and are likely to be included in future studies on buffaloes. Very recently, reproductive biotechnologies have been applied to feral buffaloes as well, but the results obtained so far are modest. When fully exploited they can play an important role in the preservation of endangered species.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.12-18
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• 2007

The objective of the study was to compare ranking of Sahiwal bulls selected on the basis of highest lactation milk yield of their dams with their estimated breeding values (EBVs) using an animal model. Data on 23,761 lactation milk yield records of 5,936 cows from five main Livestock Experiment Stations in Punjab province of Pakistan (1964-2004) were used for the study. At present the young A.I bulls are required to be from A-category bull-dams. Dams were categorized as A, B, C and D if they had highest lactation milk yield of ${\geq}$2,700, 2,250-2,699, 1,800-2,249 and <1,800 litres, respectively. The EBVs for lactation milk yield were estimated for all the animals using an individual animal model having fixed effect of herd-year and season of calving and random effect of animal. Fixed effect of parity and random effect of permanent environment were incorporated when multiple lactation were used. There were 396 young bulls used for semen collection and A.I during 1973-2004. However, progeny with lactation yields recorded, were available only for 91 bulls and dams could be traced for only 63 bulls. Overall lactation milk yield averaged 1,440.8 kg. Milk yield was 10% heritable with repeatability of 39%. Ranking bulls on highest lactation milk yield of their dams, the in-vogue criteria of selecting bulls, had a rank correlation of 0.167 (p<0.190) with ranking based on EBVs from animal model analysis. Bulls' EBVs for all lactations had rank correlation of 0.716 (p<0.001) with EBVs based on first lactation milk yield and 0.766 (p<0.001) with average EBVs of dam and sire (pedigree index). Ranking of bulls on highest lactation yield of their dams has no association with their ranking based on animal model evaluation. Young Sahiwal bulls should be selected on the basis of pedigree index instead of highest lactation yield of dams. This can help improve the genetic potential of the breed accruing to conservation and development efforts.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.311-317
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• 2015

Phenotypic characterization and body biometric in 13 traits (height at withers, body length, chest girth, paunch girth, ear length, tail length, length of tail up to switch, face length, face width, horn length, circumference of horn at base, distances between pin bone and hip bone) were recorded in 233 adult Gojri buffaloes from Punjab and Himachal Pradesh states of India. Traits were analysed by using varimax rotated principal component analysis (PCA) with Kaiser Normalization to explain body conformation. PCA revealed four components which explained about 70.9% of the total variation. First component described the general body conformation and explained 31.5% of total variation. It was represented by significant positive high loading of height at wither, body length, heart girth, face length and face width. The communality ranged from 0.83 (hip bone distance) to 0.45 (horn length) and unique factors ranged from 0.16 to 0.55 for all these 13 different biometric traits. Present study suggests that first principal component can be used in the evaluation and comparison of body conformation in buffaloes and thus provides an opportunity to distinguish between early and late maturing to adult, based on a small group of biometric traits to explain body conformation in adult buffaloes.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.3305-3311
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• 2012

Background: The present study aimed to find the prognostic implications of two polymorphisms in TP53 (p.R72P, PIN3 Ins16bp) and one in CCR5 ($CCR5{\Delta}32$) in sporadic breast cancer patients. Methods: DNA samples of 80 breast cancer patients and 80 age and gender matched unrelated healthy control individuals from Punjab, North West India were analyzed. Results: For p.R72P, the genotype frequency was 13.8% (RR), 58.8% (RP), 27.5% (PP) in patients and 33.9% (RR), 40.0% (RP), 26.5% (PP) in controls. For PIN3 Ins16bp, the genotype frequencies were 53.75% (A1A1), 37.5% (A1A2), 8.75% (A2A2) in patients and 66.3% (A1A1), 31.3% (A1A2), 2.5% (A2A2) in controls. Only 4 (5%) breast cancer patients were heterozygous for $CCR5{\Delta}32$ deletion. Common RR-A1A1-WT/WT genotype was lower while RP-A1A2-WT/WT genotype was higher in patients as compared to controls. RP-A1A1-WT/WT genotype was significantly higher in patients as compared to control individuals (p = 0.008). Conclusion: Though a clear association of any particular genotype with sporadic breast cancer or stage was not apparent, the results of present study were suggestive that sporadic breast cancer patients with RR-A1A1-WT/WT genotype might have a better response to chemotherapy, thus improving their chances of survival.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.327-338
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• 2020

The role of precise prediction of subsurface fluids and discrimination among them cannot be ignored in reservoir characterization and petroleum prospecting. A suitable rock physics model should be build for the extraction of valuable information form seismic data. The main intent of current work is to present a rock physics model to analyze the characteristics of seismic wave propagating through a cracked porous rock saturated by a three phase fluid. Furthermore, the influence on wave characteristics due to variation in saturation of water, oil and gas were also analyzed for oil and water as wet cases. With this approach the objective to explore wave attenuation and dispersion due to wave induce fluid flow (WIFF) at seismic and sub-seismic frequencies can be precisely achieved. We accomplished our proposed approach by using BISQ equations and by applying appropriate boundary conditions to incorporate heterogeneity due to saturation of three immiscible fluids forming a layered system. To authenticate the proposed methodology, we compared our results with White's mesoscopic theory and with the results obtained by using Biot's poroelastic relations. The outcomes reveals that, at low frequencies seismic wave characteristics are in good agreement with White's mesoscopic theory, however a slight increase in attenuation at seismic frequencies is because of the squirt flow. Moreover, our work crop up as a practical tool for the development of rock physical theories with the intention to identify and estimate properties of different fluids from seismic data.