• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.133-139
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• 1997

Large scale production of cloned embryos requires the technology of multiple generational nuclear transfer(NT) by using NT embryos itself as the subsequent donor nuclei. In this work we investigated comparatively the effects of enucleated oocytes treated with ionomycin and 6-DMAP on the electrofusion rate and in vitro developmental potential in the first and second NT embryos. The embryos of 16-cell stage were collected from the mated does by flushing oviducts with Dulbecco's phosphate buffered saline(D-PBS) containing 10% fetal calf serum(FCS) at 47 hours after hCG injection. The recipient cytoplasms were obtained by removing the nucleus and the first polar body from the oocytes collected at 15 hours after hCG injection. The enucleated oocytes were pre-activated by 5 min incubation in 5$\mu$M ionomycin and 2 hours incubation in 2 mM 6-DMAP at 19~20 hours post-hCG before microinjection. In the first and second generation NT, the unsynchronized 16-cell stage embryos were used as nuclear donor. The separated donor blastomeres were injected into the enucleated activated recipient oocytes by micromanipulation and were electrofused by electrical stimulation of single pulse for 60 $\mu$sec at 1.25kV/cm in $Ca^2$+, $Mg^2$+ - free 0.28 M mannitol solution. In the non-preactivation group, the electrofusion and electrical stimulation was given 3 pulses for 60 $\mu$sec at 1.25 kV/cm in 100$\mu$M $Ca^2$+, $Mg^2$+ 0.28 M mannitol solution. The fused oocytes were co-cultured with a monolayer of rabbit oviductal epithelial cells in TCM-199 solution containing 10% FCS for 120 hours at 39$^{\circ}C$ in a 5% $CO_2$ incubator. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. In the first generational NT embryos, the electrofusion rate of preactivated and non-activated oocytes(80.4 and 87.8%) was not significantly different, but in the second generational NT embryos, the electrofusion rate was significantly(P<0.05) higher in the non-activated oocytes(85.7%) than in the preactivated oocytes(70.1%). 2) In the first and second generational NT embryos, the developmental potential to biastocyst stage was significantly(P<0.05) higher in the preactivated oocytes(39.3 and35.7%) than in the non-preactivated oocytes(16.0 and 13.3%). No significant difference in the developmental potential was shown between the first and second generational NT embryos derived from the preactivated oocytes. In conclusion, it may be efficient to use the oocytes preactivated with ionomycin and 6-DMAP for the multiple production of cloned embryos by recycling nuclear transfer.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.42-47
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• 2007

목적: 망간 조영증강 자기공명영상을 이용하여 시신경경로의 활성화를 추적해 보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 뉴질랜드 암컷 흰색 토끼의 망막에 $30{\mu}l$의 $MnSl_2(1mol)$ 용액을 주입한 후 고성능 경사자계 시스템이 장착된 임상용 1.5 기기에서 3D FSPGR 펄스열을 사용하여 고해상도 T1-강조영상을 망간 주입 후 12시간, 24시간, 48시간에 각각 획득한 후 시신경경로의 주요 해부학적 구조물에서의 조영증강을 관찰하였다. 또한 정량적 평가를 위하여 해부학적 위치에 동일한 원형의 관심영역을 정하여 신호강도를 측정 한 후 배경 잡음의 신호강도와의 신호대 잡음비(signal-to-noise ratio)를 구하였다. 결과: 망간 주입 후 시신경 경로상의 주요 구조물들이 조영증강 되었다 조영 증강된 주요 구조물로는 오른쪽 시신경(optic nerve), 시각교차(optic chiasm), 왼쪽 시신경 경로(optic tract), 왼쪽 가쪽 무릎핵(lateral geniculate nucleus), 왼쪽 상구(superior colliculus) 등 오른쪽 망막의 대측(contralateral) 시신경 경로상의 구조물이었으며 동측(ipsilateral) 시신경 경로는 조영증강을 보이지 않았다. 결론: 시신경계의 말단부위인 망막에 $MnCl_2$를 주입한 후 시신경계의 축삭을 통한 망간이온의 전파를 비침습적으로 관찰 할 수 있었다. 이러한 망간이온의 전파는 전압 개폐성 칼슘채널을 통하여 일어나는 것으로 여겨지며 특히 망막에 직접 주입하는 경우 전압 개폐성 칼슘채널의 빠른 이동 경로를 이용하는 것으로 추측된다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.7-15
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• 2004

Nitric oxide (NO) system has been implicated in a wide range of physiological functions in the nervous system. However, the role of NO in regulating the neural activity in the gustatory zone of nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) has not been established. The present study was aimed to investigate the role of NO in the gustatory NTS neurons. Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing about 50 g, were used. Whole cell patch recording and immunohistochemistry were done to determine the electrophysiological characteristics of the rostral gustatory nucleus of the tractus solitaries and distribution of NO synthases (NOS). Neuronal NOS (nNOS) immunoreactivity was strongly detected along the solitary tract extending from rostral to caudal medulla. Resting membrane potentials of NTS neurons were $-49.2{\pm}2\;mV$ and action potential amplitudes were $68.5{\pm}2\;mV$ with a mean duration measured at half amplitude of $1.7{\pm}0.3\;ms$. Input resistance, determined from the response to a 150 ms, -100 pA hyperpolarizing current pulse, was $385{\pm}15\;M{\Omega}$, Superfusion of SNAP or SNP, NO donors, produced either hyperpolarization (68%), depolarization (5%), or no effect (27%). The hyperpolarization was mostly accompanied by a decrease in input resistance. The hyperpolarization caused by SNAP or SNP increased the time to initiate the first action potential, and decreased the number of action potentials elicited by current injection. SNP or SNAP also markedly decreased the number of firing neural discharges of the spontaneous NTS neural activity under zero current. Superfusion of L-NAME, a NOS inhibitor, slightly depolarized the membrane potential and increased the firing rate of NTS neurons induced by current injection. ODQ, a soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor, ameliorated the SNAP-induced changes in membrane potential, input resistance and firing rates. 8-Br-cGMP, a non-degradable cell-permeable cGMP, hyperpolarized the membrane potential and decreased the number of action potentials. It is suggested that NO in the gustatory NTS has an inhibitory role on the neural activity of NTS through activating soluble guanylate cyclase.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.481-486
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• 2008

목 적 : 신생아에서 냉각 분사와 30% 포도당액의 경구투여의 통증 감소 효과를 비교하여, 신생아 집중치료실에서 행해지는 처치 중, 통증 감소를 위한 방법으로 냉각 분사의 유용성을 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 2006년 6월부터 2006년 12월까지 인제대학교 부산백병원 신생아실에 입원한 60명의 신생아들을 대상으로 발뒤꿈치 천자와 근육 주사 시 다음 3가지 방법으로 통증 정도를 측정하였다. 제 1군(30명)은 발뒤꿈치천자군, 제 2군(30명)은 근육주사군이며, A군(10명)은 아무것도 처치하지 않은 군(대조군), B군(10명)은 30% 포도당액을 먹인 군, C군(10명)은 냉각스프레이를 분사한 군으로 나누어서 통증의 정도를 비교하였다. 통증의 평가 지표는 PIPP(Premature Infant Pain Profiles) 점수를 사용하였고, 심장 박동수와 산소포화도는 pulse oxymeter로 측정하였다. 결 과 : 발뒤꿈치천자군과 근육주사군에서 대조군의 PIPP 점수를 비교해보면 근육주사군에서 PIPP 점수가 높게 측정되었다(P=0.07). 그러나 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. 평균 PIPP 점수를 보면 발뒤꿈치 천자시 대조군 $10.6{\pm}2.4$, 포도당군 $5.5{\pm}2.0$, 냉각 분사군 $5.2{\pm}1.8$로 대조군에 비해 냉각분사 및 포도당군들이 유의하게 낮았다(포도당군 P<0.001, 냉각 분사군 P<0.001). 근육 주사시 대조군 $12.5{\pm}1.4$, 포도당군 $7.0{\pm}1.7$, 냉각분사군 $6.4{\pm}1.6$으로 대조군에 비해 역시 실험군에서 유의하게 낮았다.(포도당군 P<0.001, 냉각 분사군 P<0.001). 통증을 느끼는 PIPP 6점 이상의 비율을 비교해보면 발뒤꿈치 천자시 대조군 100%, 포도당군 40%, 냉각분사군 40%, 근육주사시 대조군 100%, 포도당군 90%, 냉각분사군 60%으로 냉각분사군에서 낮았다. 심한 통증을 느끼는 PIPP 12점 이상의 비율을 비교해보면 발뒤꿈치천자시 대조군 60%, 포도당군 0%, 냉각분사군 0%, 근육주사시 대조군 70%, 포도당군 0%, 냉각분사군 0%로 대조군에 비해 포도당군과 냉각분사군에서 낮았다. 결 론 : 신생아에서 발뒤꿈치 천자나 근육 주사 시 냉각 분사는 경구 포도당액 만큼 통증감소에 효과가 있었다. 따라서 통증을 줄일 수 있는 새로운 방법으로 냉각 분사가 고려될 수 있다.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.25-33
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• 1999

본 논문에서는 다이오드 정류기와 부스트 컨버터가 결합되 단상 PWM컨버터의 역률보상 및 고조파 저감 기법에 관하여 연구하였다. 일반적인 다이오드 정류기의 경우에서는 전원 입력측에 불연속 펄스 전류가 흘러서 역률의 저하 및 고조파 왜곡이 포함되어 다른 전원계통에 악영향을 주는 문제점이 있다. 이를 해결하기 위하여 본 논문에서는 3차 고조파가 주입된 PWM 기법을 사용하여 입력전류에서의 고조파왜곡이 감소되는 AC-DC 부스트 컨버트를 제안하였다. 이때의 부스트 컨버터는 스위칭 손실 및 회로구성이 용이한 불연속적전류모드 제어방식을 채용하였다. 스위칭 주파수가 5[kHz]인 컨버터를 구성하여 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션 및 실험을 행하였으며 그 결과 역률 보상 및 전 고조파 왜곡이 감소되었음을 확인하였다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.209-216
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• 1995

Recently, a new tailored RF gradient echo (TRFGE) sequence was reported. This technique not only enhances the magnetic susceptibility effect but also allows us to measure local changes in brain oxygenation. In this study, a phantom and cat brain experiments were performed on a 4.7 Tesla BIQSPEC (BRUKER) instrument with a 26 cm gradient system. We have demonstrated that the signal intensity (SI) of the TRFGE sequence varies according to the concentration of susceptibility contrast agent. Three capillary tubes with different concentrations of Gd-DTPA (0.01, 0.05, 0.1 mMOI/l) were placed at the middle of a cylindrical water phantom. Using both TRFGE and conventional gradient echo (CGE) sequences, phantom images of the slices which contain all three tubes were obtained. For the animal experiment, cats were anesthetized and ventilated using halotane (0.5%) and a $N_2O/ O_2$ mixture (2:1), and blood pressure and heart rate were monitored and kept normal. For the observation of tue first pass of Gd- DTPA, imaging was started at t = 0. At t = 8 ~ 12s, 0.2 mMol/Kg Gd-DTPA was manually injected in the femoral vein. The imaging parameters were TRITE = 25/10 msec, flip angle = $30^{\circ}$, FOV = 10cm, image matrix size = $128{\times}128$ with 64 phase encodings and the image data acquisition window was 10 msec. SI-time curves were then obtained from a series of 30 images which were collected at 2 sec intervals using both CGE and TRFGE pulse sequences before, during, and following the contrast injection.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.105-108
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• 2011

Aconitine is an anti-inflammatory agent with therapeutic uses in oriental medicine as an analgesic and for treatment of stroke. Because of its sodium channel effect, aconitine can promote undesirable, wide complex tachyarrhythmia. If tachycardia develops during use of aconitine, class Ia and class III anti arrhythmic drugs can be utilized for treatment. However there are no single anti-arrhythmia agents which are uniformly effective. We report a case, characterized by wide complex tachyarrhythmia and severe hypotension, which was successfully treated by simultaneous injections of amiodarone and lidocaine. A 59-year-old woman exhibiting clinical signs of drowsiness as a result of ingesting 6 g of aconitine, was admitted to the emergency department. Initially, wide complex tachyarrhythmia (ventricular tachycardia and pulse rate of 180 beats/min) and severe hypotension (blood pressure of 53/26 mmHg) was observed. After simultaneous injection of amiodarone and lidocaine, the patient's rhythm pattern changed to an accelerated junctional rhythm with ventricular premature complex. Two hours later, the patient's heart pattern became a sinus rhythm. As demonstrated by this case, simultaneous injections of amiodarone and lidocaine can be useful in treating ventricular arrhythmia induced by aconitine.

• 부모자녀건강학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.78-85
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the pain reducing effects of the dextrose-coated pacifier on venipuncture in premature infants. Methods: The design of this study is a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design and a crossover trial. The analysed cases were 40 premature infants (20 in experimental group and 20 in control group) in neonatal intensive care unit of a University Hospital, Gyeongnam Province, Korea. The data were collected from April to October, 2009. The experimental treatment was carried out nursing 20% dextrose-coated pacifier on venipuncture for IV injection. The instruments were $O_2$ saturation and heart rate on pulse oxymeter monitor to measure physiologic pain responses, and NIPS to measure behavioral pain responses. Collected data were analyzed with $x_2$ test, t-test using SPSS program. Results: The effects of the 20% dextrose-coated pacifier were found in the physiologic (only heart rate) and behavioral pain response on venipuncture. Conclusion: These finding is suggested that the dextrose-coated pacifier could be an effective nursing intervention for reducing pain on venipuncture in premature infants.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.405-410
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• 1996

내부 순환 장치를 대규모화함에 따른 혼합특성의 변화를 추적자의 분산실험을 통하여 고찰하였다. 분산특성을 나타내는 무차원수 Bodenstein 수를 5L, 5 50L, 500L 규모의 세 장치에서 공탑기체속도, 액체 순환속도, 포기관의 높이에 대한 직경비의 변화, 빛 반응관의 직경에 대한 포기관의 직경비의 영향에 따 나타내었다. 5L 규모의 장치에서 Bo 수는 공탑 기체속도의 증가에 따라 증가하다 가스 해리 현상의 발생으로 증가폭이 둔해지는 경향을 나타내었으며, 5 50L와 500L 장치에서는 공탑기체속도의 증가에 따라 Eo 수가 감소하였는데, 이는 역혼합의 영향이 크게 나타난 것으로 판단되었다. 또한, 500L 규모 장 치에서 Eo 수의 변화는 50L 장치에서 보다 낮은 공 탑기체속도하에서 변화하는 것으로 보아 대규모화에 따라 흔합이 더욱 빨리 발생함을 알 수 있었다. 차원 해석을 통하여 각 변수틀간의 상관관계를 구하였고, 회귀분석을 통하여 다음과 같은 결과식을 구하였다.

• 한국의사학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.31-45
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• 2009

Eui Bang Shin Gam("醫方新鑑") is a classic on oriental medicines written by Shin Oh (新塢) Han Byung Lyun (韓秉璉) in 1913. It was written under the base of the writer's own experience as well as in the light of 36 other classics on oriental medicines such as Dong Eui Bo Gam ("東醫寶監"), Eui Hak Yip Mun ("醫學入門"), and Kyung Ak Jeon Seo ("景岳全書"). In an attempt to avoid difficult theories and list only the essential informations and formulas for clinical purposes, it attained its own characteristics of not only reorganizing Dong Eui Bo Gam in a pragmatic way but also explaining diseases classified in western medicines in oriental medicines' point of view as well as suggesting medicine formulas regarding such explanations. As a result, it is a complete and efficient medical classic through which one can gain knowledge in both classic oriental medicines and combination of western and oriental medicines. Its special features are making a separate chapter for cholera and Lao Zhai (勞瘵), which is also a contagious disease, and trying in the chapter to explain the diseases in words of oriental medicines; listing details of nine major epidemic and matching them with the diseases known in oriental medicines; and recording a case of enforcing sterilization and preventive injection against contagious diseases. The basic medical theory in Eui Bang Shin Gam are the yin-yang theory, the thesis of fire and water, the thesis of the exterior and the interior, Yun Qi Lun (運氣論), and four institutions of human body. In explaining the basic theories, the writer emphasized strengthening the yang of the body, under the influence of the thoughts of Zhang Ga Bin (張介賓). Since he put the importance of diagnosis first, the first chapter is about diagnosis. There are five different ways of diagnosing a patient mentioned in the book, and acupuncture, pulse, and medicines was considered crucial.