• 유통과학연구
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.43-52
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• 2018

Purpose - This article accentuates that there is pervasive corruption in the supply chain and procurement of goods and services in the South African public sector, particularly in the local sphere of government. Consequently, the poor and the indigents who are supposed to receive quality services are affected. Therefore, the article emphasizes the need to strengthen compliance in the supply chain and procurement processes in order to combat corruption. Research design, data, and methodology - This article extensively utilized qualitative literature review approach to address and solve the problem of endemic corruption in the supply chain and procurement being perpetrated by local government officials. Results - The synthesis shows that by strengthening compliance of supply chain and procurement strategies, measures and frameworks, the likelihood of corruption will be drastically reduced if not totally eradicated. It demonstrates that the poor and the indigents who are supposed to receive quality services are being denied due to corruption. It also shows that failure to comply should result to enforcement of punitive sanctions against perpetrators. Conclusions - This study indicates that effective and efficient implementation of supply chain and procurement strategies, measures and frameworks are panacea for curbing corruption in South Africa public sector especially at the local sphere of government.

• Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.29-48
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• 2008

• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.139-160
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• 2023

본 연구는 지역사회 공론장으로서 공공도서관의 역할을 탐색하였다. 이를 위해 공공도서관이 운영한 공론장 사례에 대한 분석을 통해 공론장에서 나타나는 도서관 역할의 주요 특징과 의미를 고찰하였다. 데이터 수집은 서울 성북구립도서관의 공론장을 운영한 사서와의 면담을 통해 이루어졌다. 수집된 데이터의 주제별 분석을 위해 NVivo를 사용하여 코딩하였다. 연구 결과, 공론장에서 확인된 도서관 역할의 주요 특징과 의미는 1) 지역 주민의 만남과 소통, 교류의 장, 2) 주제에 대한 정보제공과 토론을 통한 주민의 학습과 성장 지원, 3) 지역사회의 주민 참여를 확대하고 시민으로서의 역량 강화, 4) 지역 주민의 민주주의 경험을 확대, 5) 도서관에 대한 지역 주민의 인식 개선과 주민에 대한 도서관의 영향력 확대라는 다섯 가지 유형으로 나타났다. 특히 이 연구에서는 도서관의 정보서비스를 통해 공론 주제에 대한 시민의 상호작용과 공론 확산이 강화되고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이 연구의 결과는 도서관이 지역사회 공론장으로 개발되고 지원되기 위한 근거로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제21권8호
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• pp.71-78
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• 2021

The relevance of research provides the necessity to identify the basic problems in the public governance sphere and information technology relations, forasmuch as understanding such interconnections can indicate the consequences of the development and spreading information technologies. The purpose of the research is to outline the issues of applying information technologies in public governance sphere. 500 civil servants took part in the survey (Ukraine). A two-stage study was conducted in order to obtain practical results of the research. The first stage involved collecting and analyzing the responses of civil servants on the Mentimeter online platform. In the second stage, the administrator used the SWOT-analysis system. The tendencies in using information technologies have been determined as follows: the institutional support development; creation of analytical portals for ensuring public control; level of accountability, transparency, activity of civil servants; implementation of e-government projects; changing the philosophy of electronic services development. Considering the threats and risks to the public governance system in the context of applying information technologies, the following aspects generated by societal requirements have been identified, namely: creation of the digital bureaucracy system; preservation of information and digital inequality; insufficient level of knowledge and skills in the field of digital technologies, reducing the publicity of the state and municipal governance system. Weaknesses of modern public governance in the context of IT implementation have been highlighted, namely: "digitization for digitalization"; lack of necessary legal regulation; inefficiency of electronic document management (issues caused by the imperfection of the interface of reporting interactive forms, frequent changes in the composition of indicators in reporting forms, the desire of higher authorities to solve the problem of their introduction); lack of data analysis infrastructure (due to imperfections in the organization of interaction between departments and poor capacity of information resources; lack of analytical databases), lack of necessary digital competencies for civil servants. Based on the results of SWOT-analysis, the strengths have been identified as follows: (possibility of continuous communication; constant self-learning); weaknesses (age restrictions for civil servants; insufficient acquisition of knowledge); threats (system errors in the provision of services through automation); opportunities for the introduction of IT in the public governance system (broad global trends; facilitation of the document management system). The practical significance of the research lies in providing recommendations for eliminating the problems of IT implementation in the public governance sphere outlined by civil servants..

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.3166-3187
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• 2017

For "generic" multivariate public key cryptography (MPKC) systems, experts believe that the Unbalanced Oil-Vinegar (UOV) scheme is a feasible signature scheme with good efficiency and acceptable security. In this paper, we address two problems that are to find inversion solution of quadratic multivariate equations and find another structure with some random Oil-Oil terms for UOV, then propose a novel signature scheme based on hyper-sphere (HS-Sign for short) which directly answers these two problems. HS-Sign is characterized by its adding Oil-Oil terms and more advantages compared to UOV. On the one side, HS-Sign is based on a new inversion algorithm from hyper-sphere over finite field, and is shown to be a more secure UOV-like scheme. More precisely, according to the security analysis, HS-Sign achieves higher security level, so that it has larger security parameters choice ranges. On the other side, HS-Sign is beneficial from both the key side and computing complexity under the same security level compared to many baseline schemes. To further support our view, we have implemented 5 different attack experiments for the security analysis and we make comparison of our new scheme and the baseline schemes with simulation programs so as to show the efficiencies. The results show that HS-Sign has exponential attack complexity and HS-Sign is competitive with other signature schemes in terms of the length of the message, length of the signature, size of the public key, size of the secret key, signing time and verification time.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.125-155
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• 1999

The term public health is used today when the health of a population is referred to. Before we look at public health, we should know the meaning of health. It is, however a difficult concept to define. The World Health Organisations definition of health, states that health is a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity (WHO Constitution 1947). Health, in this context, is placed in an idealistic sphere that is unattainable in everyday life.(omitted)

• 정보화정책
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.3-19
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• 2013

SNS 정치참여에 관한 연구가 가장 많이 다룬 주제는 정치참여 효과, 선거캠페인, 그리고 공론장의 문제였다. 정치참여 효과에 대해서는 SNS 이용자의 정치참여의 특성, SNS가 정치참여에 미치는 변화 정도, 적극적 SNS 정치 참여 집단, 그리고 젊은 층의 정치참여에 미치는 영향 등에 관해서 연구가 진행되었다. 선거 부문에서는 투표율 제고 효과, 투표 행태에 미치는 영향, 선거결과에 미치는 영향, 그리고 정책선거의 가능성 등의 쟁점이 있었다. 끝으로 공론장에 관한 연구는 SNS 정보의 질적 평가와 사회파편화 현상이 주로 논의 되었다. 세 가지 주제 전체에 걸쳐 공통적으로 관찰되는 현상은 거의 모든 쟁점에 대해서 서로 상반되는 주장과 연구결과가 나타난다는 점이다. 이러한 상반된 연구결과는 현실정치 변수가 충분히 고려되지 않은 점과 연구대상과 변수를 엄밀하게 규정하고 설계하지 못한 점에서 비롯될 가능성이 크다. 향후 국가 간 비교연구를 통해 현실정치 맥락을 풍부하게 반영하고, 독립변수를 좀 더 세밀하고 구분한다면 SNS 정치참여에 대한 보다 정확한 연구성과를 얻을 수 있을 것이다.

• 영어영문학
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.3-29
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• 2008

Ian Watt, author of The Rise of the Novel, maintained that the novel originated in modern England, came from prose discourses such as the news, political essays and journalistic writing which propagated the Enlightenment, and the novels represent formal realism. The main point of this paper is to examine Watt's theory of the rise of the novel on the basis of the criticism of antinomy of the Enlightenment and "the public sphere" in Habermas' terms. At first, I will criticize formal realism, which is not a new literary species, but a formally renovated realistic form that represented capitalism and protestantism. And, then, I will show that formal realism is a kind of antinomy because it turned away from the voices and reality of the low-class and women though the novel concentrated on common people, not the aristocrats. Secondly, I will inquire into the antinomy of the Enlightenment in the aspects of reason, freedom, individualism and women. In my view, as soon as the high-middle class acquired their political rights, these values were no more encouraged and the result revealed antinomy of the Enlightenment more explicitly. Thirdly, I'd argue that "the public sphere" had positive meanings to everyone when the bourgeosie were fighting against the Absolutism and the aristocracy. I'll also insist that the high-middle class and the intellectuals were in "the public sphere" in which Habermas argues that rationality and equality were thought to have been realized, while the low-middle class and most women were de-enlightened and disciplined by reading the novel privately. In conclusion, formal realism is not the rise of the novel, but the opening of the novel peculiar to bourgeosie parliamentarism from the middle-eighteenth century to the middle-twentieth century.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.153-165
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• 2005

The main purpose of a spatial audio system is to give a listener the same impression as if he/she were present in a recorded environment. A dummy head microphone is generally used for such purposes. Because of its human-like shape, we can obtain good spatial sound images. However, its shape is a restriction on its public use and it is difficult to convert a 2-channel recording into multi-channel signals for an efficient rendering over a multi-speaker arrangement. In order to solve the problems mentioned above, a spatial audio system is proposed that uses multiple microphones on a rigid sphere. The system has five microphones placed on special points of the rigid sphere, and it generates audio signals for headphone, stereo, stereo dipole, 4-channel, and 5-channel reproduction environments. Subjective localization experiments show that front/back confusion, which is a common limitation of spatial audio systems using the dummy head microphone, can be reduced dramatically in 4-channel and 5-channel reproduction environments and can be reduced slightly in a headphone reproduction.

• 한국언론정보학보
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• 제55권
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• pp.74-99
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• 2011

본 논문은 소셜 미디어 중심의 인터넷 선거 공론장의 정치적 영향력을 긍정적으로 활성화하는 방안으로서 제도적 개선에 초점을 두고 이를 위한 방향성을 모색하는 데 목적을 두었다. 구체적으로는 현재의 선거 커뮤니케이션이 후보자 및 주류 미디어 중심으로 구조화됨으로써 실질적으로는 중심이 되어야 할 유권자가 소외된 상황이라는 문제의식에서 출발했다. 이를 위해 선거 공론장의 활성화를 위한 이론적 개념으로서 논쟁성과 개방성 측면에서 접근했으며, 우리나라를 포함해 영국, 미국, 일본 등 주요 국가의 소셜 미디어 관련 온라인 선거 공론장 규제법률에 대한 사례분석과 국내 관련 선거법률의 개정방향에 대한 전문가 심층설문조사를 실시했다. 결과를 보면, 사례분석에서는 국가들을 자유지향형, 제한적 자유지향형, 질서지향형 모델로 나눌 수 있었으며, 자유지향형에는 미국과 영국, 제한적 자유지향형에는 우리나라, 질서지향형 모델에는 일본이 해당됐다. 해외 사례분석을 토대로 국내 선거법 제59조, 제93조, 제82조의4, 제251조 등 소셜 미디어 관련 선거 공론장의 규제법률 개선방향을 묻는 심층설문을 실시했다. 결과에서는 선거법에서 소셜 미디어 선거 공론장의 활성화에 제한요인으로 지적되는 조항들에 대한 적극적인 개정의견이 많았다. 관련 전문가들은 모두 개정의 필요성과 소셜 미디어 등 온라인 선거 공론장의 변화를 수용하는 방향으로 개정할 것에 대해 동의했다. 구체적으로는 온라인 선거 공론장에서 선거운동기간 제한이 폐지되어야 하며, 소셜 미디어 등 대안적 선거 커뮤니케이션 채널이 다양해진 상황에서 지나친 후보자 보호주의적 관점의 법조항도 개선될 필요가 있다고 답했다. 선거법 제82조의4, 제251조 등의 후보자 보호 관련 조항들은 과거 조직 선거 및 매스 미디어 선거 패러다임에서는 적합했으나 선거 커뮤니케이션 채널이 다양화, 수평화, 분산화된 현 시점에서는 적합하지 않은 부분이 있다. 따라서 부작용이 최소화하는 방향에서 현행 선거 커뮤니케이션 환경의 변화를 수용하는 방향으로 조정될 필요가 있다.