• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2011.10a
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• pp.517-544
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• 2011

Promote competition in local government and the construction of a subway construction in the vicious cycle of debt due to the operating deficit as a greater burden on local finances was leave. This government policy of public transport in the center of the metro construction costs affordable and to respond appropriately to public transport demand new transit LRT(Light rail Transit) by introducing the current Busan was the opening of Line 4, yongin line, Busan - Gimhae line, parliamentary and barge construction or ready for the opening. What is light rail, compared to the existing subway and cheaper construction cost, the existing road or bridge that runs along the track is installed, etc. Manless system construction cost and operating expenses as a possible new railway transportation has been a leading state-of-the-art mad. However, the domestic business system engineering of light rail-related companies in the developed countries are doing to advance to the national to the local engineering skills of the self-free, hurry will have to be secured. Therefore, this paper applies local light rail project on the status of the systems engineering analysis and based on this source of the latest engineering technology-intensive systems engineering to provide direction to the development of technology.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.9 no.2 s.33
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• pp.200-205
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• 2006

Subway widely used as a major mean of public transportation both at home and abroad contributes to ease chronic traffic congestion in cities. However, subway operating expense is expected to increase continuously because subway requires vast amount of money at the construction stage, huge sum of maintenance cost is spent during operation, and passenger needs for more convenient facilities is increasing. on the contrary to enormous operating expenses, fare that is occupying most of operating income doesn't come up to its prime cost causing chronic operating deficit. It is urgent to prepare fare system improvement measures to increase operating income in order to resolve financial difficulty of a subway operating organization. Therefore, the current study analyzed present condition and problems of subway fare system, and suggested improvement measures such as improvement of fare adjustment procedure, improvement of free-ride system, diversification of ticket, etc.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.11 no.17
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• pp.47-54
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• 1988

Korean National Railroad(K.N.R) playing a important role in land transportation gives us many problems to solve considering proper management of National Budget and development of the state of operation by maintaining train parts rationally as public services. According this study is to show inventory provision system for deciding the safety inventory level as the better rational method. Bibliography for this study is limited to only three kinds of seven brakes-shoe which is produced by T workshop in Korean National Railroad. To reduce the holding cost coming from the want of the stock and shortage cost of the stock expected. This study is to present a ratio of shortage on the stock permitted for the last definite period and the demand result forecast per month.

• Journal of Urban Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.29-34
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• 2017

Although the supply of public parking lots in major cities is steadily increasing, there is still a shortage of parking spaces that take into account the characteristics of actual available parking spaces. These parking problems are caused by conflicts between users, illegal occupation and privatization of roads, interference with traffic roads, and business stagnation in commercial areas and illegal parking problems. In addition, despite various parking demand management policies and continuous supply of public parking facilities, the solution to the parking problem is uneasy due to increased construction costs and changes in social conditions. In order to solve this problem, it was judged that it would be necessary to utilize the existing public parking lots efficiently. Therefore, we collect the variables expected to affect the turnover, and use multiple regression models. The results are summarized as follows. Firstly, public parking lots can be classified into four types using utilization rate and turnover rate. Secondly, influencing factors are found including index of public transportation usage convenience, index of illegal parking, and land use characteristics in central commercial district. Thirdly, it was shown that there was little impact by the size of public parking lots, separation distance to subway distance, separation distance to bus stops, transfer zone, residential zone, and second-rated lots by parking costs. Finally, it is found that public parking lots can be improved by proving accessibility of public transit, enforcement of illegal parking, active approaches supporting public parking lots. It is also recommended that public parking cost rating system based mainly on land use characteristics should be remedied and rearranged.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2011.10a
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• pp.1303-1308
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• 2011

In the modern society various types of transportation mode are utilized, among them the subway system is the one of the main transportation mode which more than 7.21 million people ride a day. Because of interests on the indoor air quality (IAQ) of underground public facilities, concerns on IAQ of subway system by many people are increasing. There are several approach to improve IAQ of subway station, such as installing platform screen door (PSD), frequent tunnel washing-out, and etc, however there has not been any attempt to improve IAQ of subway cabin inside. Most technologies for removing airborne particulate matters are known to be difficult to adopt on the subway cabin since the problem of maintenance cost. Therefore, the ultimate object of this study is a practical development of cabin air cleaning system which can reduce the concentration of airborne particles and harmful gases at the same time. The subway cabin air purifier (SCAP) was developed for removing particulate matters and gases pollutants inside a cabin. The whole system was designed and the roll-filter device was manufactured based on numerical prediction results. It is expected that SCAP could reduce indoor air pollutants in the subway cabin practically and it can be applied to other part of transportation vehicles.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.180-187
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• 2015

Objectives: Metabolic syndrome is an important etiologic factor in the development of certain types of cancers. The economic cost of the treatment of cancer has been steadily increasing. We therefore estimated the economic burden of cancers attributable to metabolic syndrome in Korea. Methods: We reviewed metabolic syndrome-related cancers and relative risk and then calculated population attributable fractions. We analyzed insurance claims data for metabolic syndrome-related cancers in 2012 in order to estimate the direct costs associated with these cancers, including hospitalization, outpatient visits, transportation costs, and caregivers' costs as well as indirect costs such as loss of productivity due to cancer treatment and premature death. Results: In 2012, 18 070 patients in Korea had cancers attributable to metabolic syndrome. The economic burden was USD 199.8 million and the direct and indirect costs were USD 124.5 million and USD 75.3 million, respectively. Conclusions: We estimated the economic burden of cancers attributable to metabolic syndrome in Korea and the efforts are necessary to reduce this burden.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2009.07a
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• pp.2129_2131
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• 2009

Since Jan. 2004, the Ministry of Construction and Transportation has partly introduced estimation system of historical cost data in order to reflect result cost of construction market to cost estimation for public construction. It is expected that the purpose of the introduction would be evaluated considering the long-term development of domestic construction industry. In article 3, paragraph 4 of the planning criteria of estimated cost of financial regulation related to government contract rule, the profit estimated by historical cost data indicates sales profit and it is calculated by multiplying the sum of direct cost, indirect cost and general overhead by rate of profit. Finally, it is said that rate of profit cannot exceeds 10%. However, there are a lot of constructions for electronic equipment in the electronic construction and the proportion of government furnished material is very high, not like engineering works or constructions. Therefore, as the proportion of material cost over direct cost is relatively lower, if current rate of profit (10%) is applied, there would be a wide difference of cost in the items of profit under the estimation system of historical cost data. This paper was conducted to examine estimation methods of the items of profit under the estimation system of historical cost data and suggest reasonable applications.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.352-361
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• 2010

Objectives: This study estimated the annual socioeconomic costs of food-borne disease in 2008 from a societal perspective and using a cost-of-illness method. Methods: Our model employed a comprehensive set of diagnostic disease codes to define food-borne diseases with using the Korea National Health Insurance (KNHI) reimbursement data. This study classified the food borne illness as three types of symptoms according to the severity of the illness: mild, moderate, severe. In addition to the traditional method of assessing the cost-of-illness, the study included measures to account for the lost quality of life. We estimated the cost of the lost quality of life using quality-adjusted life years and a visual analog scale. The direct cost included medical and medication costs, and the non-medical costs included transportation costs, caregiver's cost and administration costs. The lost productivity costs included lost workdays due to illness and lost earnings due to premature death. Results: The study found the estimated annual socioeconomic costs of food-borne disease in 2008 were 954.9 billion won (735.3 billion won-996.9 billion won). The medical cost was 73.4 -76.8% of the cost, the lost productivity cost was 22.6% and the cost of the lost quality of life was 26.0%. Conclusions: Most of the cost-of-illness studies are known to have underestimated the actual socioeconomic costs of the subjects, and these studies excluded many important social costs, such as the value of pain, suffering and functional disability. The study addressed the uncertainty related to estimating the socioeconomic costs of food-borne disease as well as the updated cost estimates. Our estimates could contribute to develop and evaluate policies for food-borne disease.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2007.04b
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• pp.155-159
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• 2007

Since Jan. 2004, the Ministry of Construction and Transportation has partly introduced estimation system of historical cost data in order to reflect result cost of construction market to cost estimation for public construction. It is expected that the purpose of the introduction would be evaluated considering the long-term development of domestic construction industry. In article 3, paragraph 4 of the planning criteria of estimated cost of financial regulation related to government contract rule, the profit estimated by historical cost data indicates sales profit and it is calculated by multiplying the sum of direct cost, indirect cost and general overhead by rate of profit. Finally, it is said that rate of profit cannot exceeds 10%. However, there are a lot of constructions for electronic equipment in the electronic construction and the proportion of government furnished material is very high, not like engineering works or constructions. Therefore, as the proportion of material cost over direct cost is relatively lower if current rate of exceeds (10%) is applied, there would be a wide difference of cost in the items of profit under the estimation system of historical cost data. This paper was conducted to examine estimation methods of the items of profit under the estimation system of historical cost data and suggest reasonable applications.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.22 no.3 s.74
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• pp.7-16
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to find the characteristics of travel behavior and accessibility in terms of spatial structure. We analyzed travel behaviors and accessibility using a mode choice model and the Complementary Accessibility Index(CAI). The urban spatial structures that were compared were a compact city (CC) versus a sprawled city (SC), and high residential density districts (HD) versus low residential density districts (LD). First, CC and HDs residents had a shorter commuting distance than the CC and LDs residents. Second, behavior models showed that the use of Private cars for commuting in SCs was found to be greater than private car use in CCs, and that public transportation modes would be encouraged in CCs. Third, changes associated with the time and cost of commuting by private car generally affect the demand for public transportation modes in the CC. Also, analysis of cross elasticity suggests that changes of subway travel time affect the demand for buses very elastically. Fourth, the CAI of SC and LD were superior to the CC and HD even though the SC inefficient urban forms in terms of spatial structure. So, the spatial distribution of population density was also found to be an important factor affecting accessibility and energy savings.