• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.1-11
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• 1998

This study was performed to analyze the occupational health nursing of support-project of health management skill for small-scale industries. The 2 subject centers were under the umbrella of Korean Industrial Health Association and data collection period was 2weeks from September 1 to 13. 1997 and time and motion study method was used. Data was handled by SPSS win 7.5 program. results were worked out number. percentage. F-value. (1) The weekly time spending of occupational health nurses was distributed into indoor service 46.9%, outdoor service 26.6%, movement 26.5%. The mean visiting times were 2-3 times per week. and spending time was about 1 hour per industry. (2) There are statistically significant difference among the distribution of time spending according to industrial works(F=23.08. p=.000). and the special education for occupational disease prevention takes the most mean time. (3) There were statistically significant difference among the spending time for the health coach of occupational health nurses(F=188.79. p=.000). and the activity time for workers (58.4%) was more than that of for monitors(41.6%). The frequency of health coachs were 155 times for monitors during two weeks. but health coach for worker was 87 times. As a results. the contents of health coach for workers was proved to take more time than that for monitors. Perhaps we think that monitors has limitation for health management. therefore we should be consider flexible management of visiting time and health coach guidelines for occupational health nurses. (4) There were statistically significant differences among the distribution of time spending according to health coach methods for industrial health nurses(F=66.31. p=.000). The most frequent method of all was guide transmission. 159 times(65.7%), and the mean spending time for instruction was 19.78 min. the longest time. Our suggestion for occupational health nursing of support-project of health management skill for small-scale industry is that the need of each industry is very complex because of various conditions. therefore need assessment for industries should be conducted professionally. And occupational health nurses should apply occupational health nursing process autonomously. and their activities be guaranted by the guideline

• 지역연구
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.65-78
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• 1993

In this study, the significant and enduring concentration of federal R&D spending in metro-scale clusters across the nation is treated as evidence of the operation of a distinct industrial infrastructure defined by the ability of R&D performers to attract external funding and pursue the sophisticated project work demanded. It follows, then, that the agglomerative potential of these R&D concentrations -- performers and their support infrastructures -- requires a search for economic impacts guided by a different stimulative effects attributable to federal R&D spending may be that substantial subnational economic impacts are routinely obscured and diluted by research designs that seek to discover impacts either at the level of nation-scale economic aggregates or on firms or specific industries organized spatially. Therefore, this study proceeds by seeking to link the locational clustering of federal contract R&D spending to more localized economic impacts. It tests a series of models(X-IV) designed to trace federal contract R&D spending flows to economic impacts registered at the level of metro-regional economies. By shifting the focus from funding sources to recipient types and then to sector-specific impacts, the patterns of consistent results become increasingly compelling. In general, these results indicated that federal R&D spending does indeed nurture the development of an important nation-spanning advanced industrial production and R&D infrastructure anchored primarily by two dozed or so metro-regions. However, dominated as it is by a strong defense-industrial orientation, federal contract R&D spending would appear to constitute a relatively inefficient national economic development policy, at least as registered on conventional indicators. Federal contract R&D destined for the support of nondefense/civilian(Model I), nonprofit(Model II), and educational/research(Mode III) R&D agendas is associated with substantially greater regional employment and income impacts than is R&D funding disbursed by the Department of Defense. While federal R&D support from DOD(Model I) and for-profit(Model II) and industrial performer(Model III) contract R&D agendas are associated with positive regional economic impacts, they are substantially smaller than those associated with performers operating outside the defense industrial base. Moreover, evidence that the large-business sector mediates a small business sector(Model VI) justifies closer scrutiny of the relative contribution to economic growth and development made by these two sectors, as well as of the primacy typically accorded employment change as a conventional economic performance indicator. Ultimately, those regions receiving federal R&D spending have experienced measurable employment and income gains as a result. However, whether or not those gains could be improved by changing the composition -- and therefore the primary missions -- of federal R&D spending cannot be decided by merely citing evidence of its economic impacts of the kind reported here. Rather, that decision turns on a prior public choice relating to the trade-offs deemed acceptable between conventional employment and income gains, the strength of a nation's industrial base not reflected in such indicators, and the reigning conception of what constitutes national security -- military might or a competitive civilian economy.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.408-414
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• 2005

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of the sociodemographic and health characteristics on the out-of-pocket health spending of the individuals aged 20 and older in Korea. Methods : We used the data from the 2001 National Public Health and Nutrition Survey. The final sample size was 26,154 persons. Multiple linear regression models were used according to the age groups, that is, one model was used for those people under the age of sixty-five and the other was used for those people aged sixty-five and older. In these analyses, the expenditures were transformed to a logarithmic scale to reduce the skewness of the results. Results : Out-of-pocket health expenditures for those people under the age of 65 averaged 14,800 won per month, whereas expenditures for those people aged 65 and older averaged 27,200 won per month. In the regression analysis, the insurance type, resident area, self-reported health status, acute or chronic condition and bed-disability days were the statistically significant determinants for both age groups. Gender and age were statistically significant determinants only for the non-elderly. Conclusions : The findings from this study show that the mean out-of-pocket health expenditures varied according to the age groups and also several diverse characteristics. Thus, policymakers should consider the out-of-pocket health expenditure differential between the elderly and non-elderly persons. Improvement of the insurance coverage for the economically vulnerable subgroups that were identified in this study should be carefully considered. In addition, it is necessary to assess the impact of out-of-pocket spending on the peoples' health care utilization.

• 한국노년학
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.563-578
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• 2009

서구복지국가의 공적연금제도는 현재 근로세대와 퇴직세대간의 자원이전을 통해 유지되어 왔다. 하지만 고령화가 진행됨에 따라 공적연금의 재정 부담이 가중되었고 노인복지지출에 대한 축소가 논쟁의 핵심으로 등장하였다. 이러한 논쟁은 미국에서 가장 활발하게 논의되었으며 '세대간 형평성' 이라는 담론으로 구성되어져 왔다. 본 연구에서는 문헌연구를 통해 세대간 형평성 논쟁이 제기된 배경을 분석하고, 이러한 논쟁이 미국에서 가장 활발하게 진행되었던 역사적·제도적 맥락을 규명하고자 하였다. 세대간 형평성의 문제를 제기하는 입장에서는 노인들을 위한 사회적 자원의 편중으로 인해 미국의 아동빈곤율은 과거에 비해 증가된 반면 노인지출은 지속적으로 증가하여 노인빈곤율은 상대적으로 감소하였다는 주장을 하고 있다. 이러한 주장에 대해 실증적 근거가 약하며 그러한 주장은 노인집단을 공격하기 위한 정치적 수사라는 반론도 제기되어 왔다. 다른 서구복지국가보다도 미국에서 세대간 형평성 담론이 활발하게 정치적 논쟁으로 전개되었던 원인은 바로 미국의 다원주의적 정치문화와 선별적 복지프로그램의 특성 때문이라고 할 수 있다. 이 연구를 통해 세대간 형평성 논의의 정치경제학적 의미는 바로 그 사회의 정치문화와 복지제도의 특성과 관련되어 있음을 확인할 수 있었으며 보편적 복지제도가 정착되지 못한 우리 사회에서도 향후 이러한 논쟁이 정치적 이슈로 등장할 수 있는 가능성이 높다는 점에서 함의를 가지고 있다.

• 한국사회정책
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.257-285
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• 2016

이 연구의 목적은 복지수준에 대한 인식과의 관계에서 '정부의 질'을 비롯한 다른 경쟁변인들이 어떻게 복지태도와 연관되는지를 파악하는데 있으며, 복지수준 인식을 연계한 복지태도의 다면적인 성격을 체계적으로 이해할 수 있는 지식과 정보를 제공하는 데 의의가 있다. 분석 결과, 복지수준을 낮다고 인식하는 집단과 높다고 인식하는 집단 모두 복지태도의 공통적인 결정요인은 국가 부패로, 국가 주요기관과 공무원이 청렴하다고 인식할수록 복지확대에 찬성하는 경향을 보였다. 그러나 복지수준을 낮다고 인식하는 사람들 사이에서는 정의에 대한 인식이 복지태도에 중요한 영향을 미치는 반면, 높다고 인식하는 집단에서는 국가경제와 정부능력에 대한 인식에 따라 복지태도가 달라지는 차이를 보였다. 이 연구의 부가적 발견은 복지수준이 낮다고 인식하는 집단에서 학력과 도시규모, 자산과 같은 개인의 인구사회적 배경이 복지태도에 많은 영향을 미친다는 것인데, 학력이 높을수록, 도시화된 곳에 거주할수록, 자산이 적을수록 복지확대에 찬성할 가능성이 높았다. 고학력층에서는 복지수준이 낮으면 복지를 확대해야 한다는 합리적인 인식을 하지만 저학력층에서는 복지수준이 낮아도 복지확대를 해서는 안 된다는 모순된 태도를 취한다는 것이다. 또 복지수준을 낮게 인식해도 농촌에 거주하거나, 자산이 많을수록 복지확대에 반대하는 태도를 보인 것은 각각 기존의 공동체 가설과 자기이해 가설을 지지해 준다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권11호
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• pp.147-156
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• 2020

This study aims to analyze the effect of public spending, macroeconomic variables, and BPK opinion on economic growth. This study is motivated by the inequality of fiscal policy effectiveness between regions in Indonesia in influencing the economic growth of different regions, the ability of local governments to attract foreign investors, and the transparency of regional financial management in designing development programs to encourage regional economic growth. The analytical tool in this study is a dynamic panel regression model with data from 2008 to 2017. The results of this study show that, in the short term, the population affects regional economic growth, while in the long term, the economic growth is affected by the number of people, the poor, General Allocation Fund, health budget, foreign investment and BPK opinion. The findings of this study are that in the long term the General Allocation Fund becomes an obstacle to economic growth, this is because the general allocation funds is widely used to cover the lack of funds for routine regional activities, thereby reducing activities for development programs. Another research finding is that fiscal policies carried out by local governments make a small and ineffective contribution to promoting economic growth.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.1-21
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• 2018

An increasing number of studies have examined the effects of corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities on corporate financial performance (CFP) in the service industry. However, the extant literature does not provide comprehensive insights into the conditions on which the CSR-CFP link relies. In this study, firms' marketing communication capability (MCC) is introduced as an important contingency variable, which determines the effects of CSR on the corporate financial performance, in the context of restaurant businesses. Multiple year data on the spending of public restaurant chains on different media are collected, and MCC is subsequently measured using the data envelope analysis. Then, a test is conducted to prove whether MCC moderates the relationship between CSR and firm financial performance. The empirical results support the hypothesis that MCC strengthens the effect of CSR on CFP. Through the findings, this research provides several interesting and important implications to the literature and managers of service firms.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.3-26
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• 2008

대다수 국가에서 공공도서관은 공적 기관이며 민주주의 사회를 상징하는 아이콘이다. 그러므로 공공도서관은 공공성을 절대 가치로 삼아야 하며, 이윤을 추구하는 방향으로 관리되지 않아야 한다. 그럼에도 불구하고 최근에 많은 자치단체가 신축에 따른 예산부담이 가중됨에 따라 공공도서관의 운영관리를 위탁하고 있다. 이 방식을 적용하는 핵심논거는 비용절감, 서비스 제고, 자치단체의 강한 의지에 있지만, 국내에는 검증된 결과가 존재하지 않는다. 이에 본 연구는 공공도서관 위탁경영의 변용과 현주소를 살펴본 다음에 쟁점을 분석하고 해법을 제시하였다.

• 한국인공지능학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2022

The demand for public bicycles operated by the Seoul Metropolitan Government is increasing every year. The size of the Seoul public bicycle project, which first started with about 5,600 units, increased to 3,7500 units as of September 2021, and the number of members is also increasing every year. However, as the size of the project grows, excessive budget spending and deficit problems are emerging for public bicycle projects, and new bicycles, rental office costs, and bicycle maintenance costs are blamed for the deficit. In this paper, the Azure Machine Learning Studio program and the Boosted Decision Tree Regression technique are used to predict the number of public bicycle rental over environmental factors and time. Predicted results it was confirmed that the demand for public bicycles was high in the season except for winter, and the demand for public bicycles was the highest at 6 p.m. In addition, in this paper compare four additional regression algorithms in addition to the Boosted Decision Tree Regression algorithm to measure algorithm performance. The results showed high accuracy in the order of the First Boosted Decision Tree Regression Algorithm (0.878802), second Decision Forest Regression (0.838232), third Poison Regression (0.62699), and fourth Linear Regression (0.618773). Based on these predictions, it is expected that more public bicycles will be placed at rental stations near public transportation to meet the growing demand for commuting hours and that more bicycles will be placed in rental stations in summer than winter and the life of bicycles can be extended in winter.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.275-296
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• 2012

Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University The national health insurance system in Korea is characterized as relatively high out-of-pocket payments, which are the principal source of catastrophic health expenditure (CHE). The objectives of this study are to estimate the incidence of household CHE and to clarify the characteristics that affect the occurrence and recurrence of household CHE using the Seoul Welfare Panel Survey database for 2008 and 2010. Thresholds to estimate CHE were 10% and 20% of the total household income (T/X), and 25% and 40% of the income excluding food share (T/Y). Determinants of the occurrence and recurrence of CHE at the threshold of T/X=10% were analysed using multiple logistic regression models. Out of the 3,665 households that responded in 2008 survey, households with CHE were 12.07% (T/X${\geq}$10%), 5.34% (T/X${\geq}$20%), 6.84% (T/Y${\geq}$25%), and 4.44% (T/Y${\geq}$40%). Risk factors associated with household CHE included living with a spouse, non-Medicaid beneficiary, householder unemployment, low household income, the number of disabled members, poor subjective health, and the number of chronic diseases. A total of 41.78% of households with CHE in 2008 repeatedly experienced CHE in 2010. Risk factors of CHE recurrence included decreased household income and an increase in chronic diseases over the two time periods, the number of members with disability or chronic diseases, and the presence of cancer patients in 2008. Households with lower socioeconomic and health status had a higher financial burden on health care than do their counterpart households. There is a need to enhance society-wide financial protection from health spending among vulnerable citizens in Seoul, particularly, households with low income, disabled members or cancer patients.