• Health Policy and Management
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.244-254
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• 2021

The management of emerging infectious diseases cannot help but completely depend on non-pharmaceutical interventions in the early stages of the outbreak. Consequently, South Korea has developed and implemented the 3T (test-trace-treat) models, non-pharmaceutical infection prevention and control (IPC) measures, in response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The IPC measures have gained global attention, rendering them to be essential in the development of a shareable, reusable, and applicable protocol for future pandemics. This study was conducted to identify the requirements necessary for standardizing the IPC measures. Three new work items of the 18 3T models were proposed to ISO/TC 304 (International Organization for Standardization/Technical Committee 304; healthcare organization management). Requirements for each IPC measure, identified by participating members (P-members) countries during the ISO ballots, were analyzed in this study. The three new work items were approved by the P-members countries after a 3-month ballot. There was a consensus that the three IPC measure models should be International Standards (IS). Other comments include (1) the models should include not only COVID-19 but also any respiratory pandemic; and (2) keep donning of level D protection at screening sites as an optional protocol, in consideration for the lack of personal protective equipment. Standardization is a systematic process of developing internationally agreed-upon wisdom and knowledge that consider and respect the diversity and universality of each country. It is expected that such standardized applicable IPC measure models contribute to global efforts to rapidly respond to a public health emergency of international concern during its early stages.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.16-22
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• 2011

Purpose: Hand washing has received renewed emphasis in recent years as Swine flu epidemic threaten health of public. This study aimed to describe measures used to prevent new types of influenza (NTI); describe hand washing frequency; and analyze the relationship of hand washing to locus of control, uncertainty, and state anxiety. Methods: One hundred thirty three adults participate in the questionnaire survey in which participants indicated measures they used to prevent NTI, frequency of handwashing for the prevention of NTI. They also responded to questions related to locus of control, uncertainty and state anxiety. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and multiple regression. Results: A majority (66.9%) of the participants indicated that handwashing was an important measure to prevent NTI. Importance of hand-washing was related the highest among the measures they used and it was significantly related to participants who had high score in internal locus of control. Other significant factor to the hand-washing behavior was state anxiety, which explained 6.9% of the frequency. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, majority of participants indicated that handwashing was one of the most important measures to prevent NTI. Nurses need to continue educating public the importance of handwashing and pay attention to personal characteristics such as internal locus of control and anxiety to promote hand-washing.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.25-35
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• 1990

This study examined the evaluation of the information effects of the teaching on knowledge and daily activities of open heart surgery patients between 2 and 6 weeks after discharge. The subject was 29 patients being taught with teaching materials at discharge as experimental group, 20 patients who received no education as control group among the patients who had undergone open heart surgery in S.N.U.H. And research method was non-equivalent control group non-synchronized quasi-experimental design. As the tool of this study, 30 items of knowledge measurement scale which was extracted among the content of teaching materials to evaluate the effect of education and 28 items of which were designed to measure the daily activities of patients with myocardial infarction for the estimation of the degree of observance in daily activities were used. For data analysis, frequency, t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient and Cronbach's $\alpha$ were used. The result were as follows; 1. Informations given through teaching materials were effective for increasing the knowledge of the patient with open heart surgery. The knowledge of patients increased to the top level (p<0.05) in 2 weeks after discharge. In control group, the knowledge level of patients did not increase after discharge. 2. The knowledge level daily activity of the experimental group was somewat higher than that of the control group, but there was no significant difference. The score .of the experimental group was 69.66 in 6 weeks after discharge much less than the top level score 112. 3. The correlation between knowledge and daily activities was not significant, suggesting the fact that the increase of knowledge did not influence the daily activities significantly. Recommendation was suggested that; 1) Further studies might be .needed with the increasing numbers of the subjects. 2) Daily activities of the patients with open heart surgery should be investigated for long term period until they recovered normal activities.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.5-15
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• 2006

Purpose: The objectives of this study was to measure the outcomes of interventions on the health and social welfare of the elderly in a rural community in Korea. The project involved integrating services of one public health center with that of one social welfare agency, which were under different administrative structures. Method: A single group pretest-posttest design was used for this research. Seventy-five elderly residents living alone in a rural community participated in the study. All of them had coverage of free basic medical care and social welfare services by the government. Major activities for the intervention included: developing partnerships among community leaders/institutes; forming committees of community residents; educating care providers and volunteers; developing 8 integrated service programs and instruments; and organizing the networks. The 20-month intervention was care-managed by a public health nurse whom collaborated with social worker, and was assisted by volunteers. The t-test was utilized to analyze the outcome variables including the elder's health, social welfare and quality of life. A major limitation of this study was the lack of a control group. Results: The outcome of the intervention was shown by improved elder's health, social welfare needs, and quality of life. Integrating the services of public health centers with those of social welfare agencies is an effective way to improve the health of the elderly in the community. Conclusion: Developing community capacity with such integrated services will pay an important role in improving the health of the elderly who live alone.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.1-8
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• 2010

Purpose: This study aimed to provide a scientific basis for effects of the push-up plus exercise program on scapular position and on muscle activity in individuals with rounded shoulder posture (RSP). Methods: The supine method was applied to 46 potential subjects, of which 30 with RSP were selected. Subjects with RSP were divided into two groups: a gender push-up plus group as the experimental group a pectoralis minor self.stretch group as the control group. RSP data after 4 weeks of each intervention were obtained and analyzed to measure the activities of the 3 muscles. Results: The two groups differed significantly with regard to EMG changes in the serratus anterior (p<0.05). The EMG results indicated a significant reduction in the activity of the upper trapezius in the experimental group (p<0.05). EMG results indicated a significant increase in the activity of the serratus anterior after the intervention (p<0.05). EMG results of the subjects in the control group indicated that the activity of the upper trapezius significantly decreased (p<0.05). The RSP values of the subjects in both groups were significantly decreased (p<0.00). Conclusion: An improvement in the strength of the serratus anterior, and in the stretch effectiveness of the pectoralis minor, as well as changes in the scapular position were observed after 4 weeks of push-up plus exercise by the subjects.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.295-304
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was conducted to develop an education program for safe drug use in the rural elderly and to measure the effect of the program. Method: This study utilized a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The subjects of this study consisted of 40 older persons who were more than 65 years old and lived in G and C moon, Y gun, Gyeongsang-bukdo and visited the public health subcenter. Twenty were assigned to the experimental group and 20 to the control group. The education was provided for one and a half hours, once a week for 3 weeks. Data was collected before, right after, and one month after the program. Result: The first hypothesis was supported(F=79.24, p=0.000) showing that the knowledge scores of the drug use of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group at post education and one month after education. The second hypothesis was supported(F=23.84, p=0.000) showing that the drug misuse and abuse prevention behavior scores in the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group at post education and one month after the education. Conclusion: This study suggests that the education for safe drug use is effective in promoting knowledge and behavior for safe drug use of the rural elderly.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.331-338
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• 2008

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to measure the workload of home visit care activities and their relative values. This study examined also factors that affect the workload of home visit care activities. Methods : The participants of this study were 126 home-helpers of 50 home visit care agencies at the 2nd Long-term Care Insurance Demonstration Project. The workload of home visit care activities was divided into total work and four dimensions ; physical efforts, mental efforts, stress and time. Home visit care activities consisted of four categories with 24 items. We used magnitude estimation method to measure their relative values of the four dimensions. The participants answered the relative values of each activities based on the reference service. We used the activity for supporting their elderly's evacuation as the reference service. Results : Most of the respondents were over 40 years old female. They consumed most their time supporting elderly's going out. They consumed their highest physical, mental efforts, and stress for activities of coping with emergency situation. The Pearson correlation coefficients showed significant relationships between workload and each dimensions. This study showed that all four dimensions are statistically significant predictors of workload of home visit care activities. Also, we found that the home-helper's career affects the workload of home visit care activities. Conclusions : The workload of home visit care activities could be explained by physical efforts, mental efforts, stress and time.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.5-11
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• 1983

The BCG vaccination has been employed as the main control measure for pulmonary tuberculosis in Korea since 1952. However, the protective efficacy of BCG against tuberculosis has been controversial worldwide. This study was conducted to evaluate the protective efficacy of BCG against pulmonary tuberculosis by a case-cotrol study. The study subjects included all the pulmonary tuberculous patients under 20 years of age who were registered in six health centers in Taegu City between May 1 and September 30, 1982. The controls were randomly selected among non-tuberculous out-patients matched by the age, sex and residence of the cases. The history of BCG vaccination was confirmed by the scar of 400 cases and 659 controls. The relative risk of the BCG recipients for pulmonary tuberculosis were 0.5 and the protective efficacy of the BCG was. 51.5%. It appears that the BCG vaccination is an efficient preventive measure in Korea where tuberculosis is prevalent. Thus the routine BCG vaccination should be continued.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.313-323
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• 2016

Recently, "Cadastral Confirmation Surveying" has been established to promote efficiently and systematically its work. To do so, it is necessary that cadastral control point should be set up and transverse grid coordinates should be determined for high accuracy and boundary restoration based on the cadastral control point. This study expects the potentially institutional problem of detail surveying and the limitation of Network-Real Time Kinematic, introduced to measure the cadastral control point first in the issued regulation, and thus presents the improvement and the management of the block boundary of larger parcel as solutions. This can be applied promptly, when the location difference of ground and border, registered in cadastral record for quake and others, occurs. Thus, the public confidence of cadastral record may become higher and relevant social costs get reduced by the advanced prevention effect of boundary dispute, which represents much to the management of cadastral institution. Provided cadastral confirmation surveying is implemented with the management of the block boundary of larger parcel, proposed in this study.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.107-121
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to test the revised Health Promotion Model of Pender and to determine the factors to promote health behavior for adolescents' smoking behavior. The subjects of the study was 783 boys of 4 high school students. among 39. schools locating in Daejeon metropolitan city. The data was collected from July 1st to 15th. 1997 by school health nurse The research tool were HPLP of Walker. Pender. General self-efficacy scale of Sherer. control scale was measured by subconcept of hardiness scale of Pollock. and perceived barrier. perceived benefit. activity-related-affect tool were made by researcher via literature review The data were analyzed by SAS program using frequency. t-test. ANOVA. Schefee test. regression. The results were as follows 1. The mean of total health promoting behavior was $2.27\pm.35$. Among sub domain of health promoting behavior, the highest score was interpersonal support$(2.72\pm.60)$. and the lowest was health responsibility $(1.58\pm.44)$. 2. There were statistically significant difference in total health promoting behavior according to religion. parenting style. school performance. girl friend. father's smoking of individual characteristics. 3. The socioeconomic status. smoking, parent pattern. family structure of individual characteristics and experience domain associated with perceived benefit. perceived barrier. activity-related affect. interpersonal influence of behavior-specific cognition and affect domain. The perceived barrier. self-efficacy. girl friend and father's smoking of interpersonal influence. and control explained $25.8\%$ of variance of health promoting behavior. From above results school health nurse has to emphasize on health responsibility for health promotion of adolescent. But they couldn't intervene for parent pattern. socioeconomic status. family structure of individual characteristics and experience domain. it could be possible for school health nurse to promote health of adolescents through improving perceived barrier. also develop program to increase self-efficacy and through parent health class for fathers. Above results point to the importance of including parents in smoking prevention effort targeting adolescents. Because increasing control also promotes health of adolescents. it should be studied further about the specific measure. To verify the variables for increasing the fitness of health promoting model. it needs further replication of the research.