• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.303-311
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• 2023

Traditional mediation analysis, which relies on linear regression models, has faced criticism due to its limited suitability for cases involving different types of variables and complex covariates, such as interactions. This can result in unclear definitions of direct and indirect effects. As an alternative, causal mediation analysis using the counterfactual framework has been introduced to provide clearer definitions of direct and indirect effects while allowing for more flexible modeling methods. However, the conceptual understanding of this approach based on the counterfactual framework remains challenging for applied researchers. To address this issue, the present article was written to highlight and illustrate the definitions of causal estimands, including controlled direct effect, natural direct effect, and natural indirect effect, based on the key concept of nested counterfactuals. Furthermore, we recommend using 2 R packages, 'medflex' and 'mediation', to perform causal mediation analysis and provide public health examples. The article also offers caveats and guidelines for accurate interpretation of the results.

• 동아시아경상학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.71-80
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• 2023

Purpose - The pandemic has magnified and deepened existing socioeconomic disparities, including healthcare, education, income, gender, and housing. This study aims to examine the intersectionality of these disparities and their implications for promoting equity and justice. Research design, data, and methodology - This study is a comprehensive review of the literature on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on socioeconomic disparities. The review includes empirical studies, policy reports, and academic articles on healthcare, education, income, gender, and housing disparities. Result - The pandemic has exposed significant disparities in healthcare, education, income, gender, and housing. Healthcare disparities have been highlighted, and there is a need for more equitable access to care and addressing social determinants of health. Educational and income disparities are closely linked, perpetuating cycles of poverty and inequality. Gender disparities have been exacerbated, with women experiencing disproportionate impacts on their health, well-being, and economic security. The pandemic has highlighted the need for safe, stable, and affordable housing. Conclusion - The pandemic has brought to light numerous socioeconomic disparities that require systemic change to address. Promoting equity and justice requires a comprehensive, long-term approach that addresses systemic factors and promotes social and economic equity. By taking action to address these issues, we can create a more just and equitable society that promotes the health and well-being of all its members.

• 융합경영연구
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.61-71
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• 2024

Purpose: This study explores the impact of discrimination experience on stress levels among Seoul's public housing complex residents, emphasizing the moderating role of social capital. Research design, data and methodology: Utilizing the 2019 Seoul public housing (PH) panel data and an ordered logit model, the research categorizes residents based on personal and environmental factors, contrasting them across different local housing price levels. Results: We find that public housing residents' experience of discrimination has a significant impact on stress, and local housing prices are positively related to stress. Interestingly, stress due to discrimination is more pronounced in high-priced neighborhoods, which are associated with real estate inequality. Conversely, this impact is less pronounced in lower-priced neighborhoods. Importantly, social capital not only has a significant moderating effect on stress for all residents, but in high-priced neighborhoods, it also moderates the stress caused by experiences of discrimination for social housing residents. Conclusions: These findings highlight the need for policy interventions to strengthen social capital and address socioeconomic disparities in public housing, and are significant for analyzing the nuanced relationship between neighborhood, housing affordability, discrimination, and stress in urban communities for public housing residents, which is a socially problematic issue.

• Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.208-245
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• 2017

Background: Attitudes toward breastfeeding in public are one potential barrier to optimal breastfeeding rates and durations. Method: Questions about breastfeeding experience and attitudes toward breastfeeding in public were asked in face-to-face interviews as part of the Korean Academic Multimode Open Survey (KAMOS), May-July, 2017. The response rate was 65.8% (2000 respondents nationwide). Results: A majority of Koreans disagreed (1 or 2 on a 4-point scale) with the statement "Women should not breastfeed their child in open, public places" (53.9%) and agreed (3 or 4 on the 4-part Likert scale) with the statements "I do not feel uncomfortable seeing women breastfeed their child in open, public places" (64.0%) and "Breastfeeding a baby, instead of letting the baby cry, in public places is better for other people" (71.8%). However, despite these generally positive attitudes, the majority also said that they would not breastfeed in public (57.4% of women) or, in the case of men, would not want a close female relative to do so (63.8% of men). Breastfeeding in public was positively correlated with the duration of breastfeeding. People were more positive about breastfeeding in public if they: were parents; did not use formula and breastfeeding a similar amount; had children who had been breastfed in public; were older; were Buddhists rather than Christians. An attempt was made to compare attitudes toward breastfeeding in public and breastfeeding durations internationally, but was inconclusive due to not perfectly comparable data. Conclusion: Our results may be useful in planning public health campaigns in South Korea or future attempts at international comparisons to better understand and address the effect of public opinion regarding breastfeeding in public on breastfeeding rates and durations.

• 전자공학회논문지CI
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.21-30
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• 2005

최근에 주소기반의 키를 적용하는 모바일 IPv6 바인딩 갱신 프로토콜(BU-ABK)이 제안되었다. BU-ABK는 주소기반의 키를 통해 광역의 보안 인프라 없이 강력한 인증과 안전한 키교환을 지원하지만 공개키 연산을 위한 암호화 매개변수의 위조를 탐지할 수 없기 때문에 중간자 공격과 서비스 거부공격에 취약한 문제점을 갖는다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 BU-ABK의 취약점을 개선하고 제한된 전력을 갖는 이동장치를 위한 최적화 옵션을 제안한다. 또한, BU-ABK와의 비교를 통해 제안 프로토콜이 이동노드 상의 과중된 오버헤드를 초래하지 않고 강력한 보안을 제공함을 보인다.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.75-89
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• 2022

Purpose: Domestic violence is an important issue encountered in nurses' home visitation programs. This study analyzed the types of domestic violence and associated interventions provided by nurses in a prenatal and early childhood home visitation program in Korea. Methods: For 24 families who experienced domestic violence in the Seoul Healthy First Step Project, registration information and home visit nursing records were analyzed through directed qualitative content analysis. Results: Physical violence was found in all 24 cases, followed by emotional violence, coercive control, financial abuse, and sexual violence. Twenty-two interventions derived from existing nurse-family partnership (NFP) program strategies were identified in the nursing practices of the Seoul Healthy First Step Project. Conclusion: In a prenatal and early childhood nurses' home visitation program in Korea, various approaches and interventions were provided to nurses to address domestic violence. However, differences in the level of interventions provided by nurses were found, implying a need to educate and support nurses to address domestic violence in-home visitation programs.

• 대한공간정보학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.63-69
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• 2014

건설 기술의 발달과 도시지역의 인구증가로 인하여 생활공간은 지상과 지하로 확대되었고 도시 교통난이 증가함에 따라 대중교통수단으로서 지하철건설이 확대 되었다. 이로 인하여 지하상가가 발달하였고 지하도시공간은 생활공간과 문화공간의 중심이 되었다. 그러나 지하도시공간은 지상공간과는 달리 화재가 발생 했을 때 조도가 낮아 연기로 인한 시야확보의 어려움, 순간적인 판단오류로 인한 방위감 상실, 열기의 급격한 확산과 외기 획득 제한성으로 인한 산소 결핍 등으로 막대한 인명피해와 재산손실을 초래한다. 이에 본 연구에서는 기존의 지하상가의 주소체계에 대하여 분석하고 도로명주소와 연계하여 직선의 지하상가와 원형의 지하상가에 대한 주소체계를 제시하고자 한다. 또한 지하상가 주소체계표준화를 통하여 화재 발생 시 지하상가 내부에 있는 시민들이 주소만으로 자신의 위치를 알고 대피할 수 있으며, 소방서에서는 정확한 위치 파악이 가능할 것이라 판단된다.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.73-80
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 인터넷공유기 내부의 사설IP주소가 설정된 인터넷 전화단말을 효율적으로 관리하고 제어하기 위한 인터넷 전화단말 원격관리시스템을 설계 및 개발하였다. 개발시스템의 동작은 관리시스템에서 원격에 있는 공유기내부의 인터넷 전화단말로 SMS메시지를 보내서 그것으로 인하여 전화단말에서 망 관리 프로토콜인 SNMP Trap 메세지를 발생토록 하여 UDP세션을 생성시키고, 이 생성된 UDP hole을 통하여 인터넷 전화단말의 각종 관리정보를 수집하게 하였다. 개발시스템의 성능을 실험실 환경의 시험네트워크를 구축하여 시험한 결과, 관리시스템에서 인터넷 전화단말로 관리정보 수집을 위한 접속이 원활히 이루어지고, 인터넷 전화단말의 각종 관리정보가 정상적으로 수집되고 관리됨을 확인할 수 있었다. 개발시스템은 향후 인터넷 전화단말의 효율적인 관리와 서비스품질 향상에 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.405-408
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• 2020

In epidemiology, the basic reproduction number (R₀) is a term that describes the expected number of infections generated by 1 case in a susceptible population. At the beginning of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, R₀ was frequently referenced by the public health community and the wider public. However, this metric is often misused or misinterpreted. Moreover, the complexity of the process of estimating R₀ has caused difficulties for a substantial number of researchers. In this article, in order to increase the accessibility of this concept, we address several misconceptions related to the threshold characteristics of R₀ and the effective reproduction number (R_t). Moreover, the appropriate interpretation of the metrics is discussed. R₀ should be considered as a population-averaged value that pools the contact structure according to a stochastic transmission process. Furthermore, it is necessary to understand the unavoidable time lag for R_t due to the incubation period of the disease.

• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.45-59
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• 2008

본 연구는 개정도서관법에서 중시하는 지역대표도서관의 기능을 재인식하고 지역 공공도서관에 대한 지원과 협력적 역할을 논의하고자 하였다. 지역의 중앙관인 지역대표도서관의 효율적 역할을 위한 협력체계로는 혼합형모델을 통해 국가중앙관인 국립중앙도서관과 지역 단위도서관간의 상호협력을 도모하도록 한다. 지역 공공도서관에 대한 지원과 협력사업으로는 지역도서관서비스위원회를 통한 지역공공도서관의 정책공조를 기초로 하여, 도서관정보화사업 지원. 공동보존, 사서교육의 지역화 및 지역정보자료의 통합체제에 의한 인포메이션 커먼스 등을 핵심으로 한다.