• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제51권6호
• /
• pp.584-591
• /
• 2019

Of all the various types of tea that are available, Pu-erh tea has attracted much attention because of its healthpromoting effects. The objective of this study was to investigate the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of two types of Pu-erh tea, Gushu Pu-erh and typical Pu-erh, extracted at 80 and 100℃, respectively. The Gushu Pu-erh extracts showed lower pH but higher antioxidant potential at both the temperatures, as compared to the typical Pu-erh. The mineral content of the tea extracts was greater at 100℃ than at 80℃. Among the seven categories of the flavor compounds that were detected, the peak area of esters was the highest in the Gushu Pu-erh extracts. The type of tea and the extraction temperature significantly affected the physicochemical and functional properties of these tea extracts. This study revealed that Gushu Pu-erh extracted at 100℃ for 3 min with 30 s of shaking provides better results in terms of the antioxidant potential and mineral content.

• 대한의생명과학회지
• /
• 제29권2호
• /
• pp.58-65
• /
• 2023

Pu-erh tea, a popular and traditional Chinese tea, possesses various health-promoting effects, including inhibiting tumor cell progression and preventing type II diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders. However, the precise anti-inflammatory mechanisms are not well understood. In present study, we elucidated the anti-inflammatory mechanism of Pu-erh tea in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW264.7 cells. We explored the effects of Pu-erh tea on the levels of inflammatory-related genes, including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, we investigated its regulatory effects on nuclear factor-kappa B (NF)-κB and hypoxia-inducible-factor (HIF)-1α activation. The findings of this study demonstrated that Pu-erh tea inhibited the LPS-increased inflammatory cytokines and PGE₂ release, as well as COX-2 and iNOS expression. Moreover, we confirmed that the anti-inflammatory mechanism of Pu-erh tea occurs via the inhibition of NF-κB and HIF-1α activation. Conclusively, these findings provide experimental evidence that Pu-erh tea may be useful candidate in the treatment of inflammatory-related diseases.

• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제32권5호
• /
• pp.401-407
• /
• 2019

This study compares and analyzes inorganic components of four different Pu-erh tea species consumed in Korea. The criteria for the inorganic components was based on the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) recommendations. Out of the 19 general items: potassium, manganese, silicon and fluorine were detected in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable concentration by 5~23, 57~91, 1.6~1.8 and 9~18 times respectively. Out of the 15 potentially harmful elements: aluminum and nickel were exceeded the Maximum allowable concentration by 9~14 times and 0.8~1.2 times respectively. To reduce the concentration of inorganic elements in excess of the maximum allowable concentration, the extraction time of tea should be less than 1 minute in addition to limiting the amount. The amount of Pu-erh tea for extraction was about 0.1 g manganese, about 0.3 g potassium, about 0.5 g fluoride and about 2 g silicon. Therefore, the maximum amount of tea for extraction should be 0.1 g in regards to the safety of Pu-erh tea. Based on the recommended maximum daily intake of inorganic ingredients by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, it is desirable that the number of extractions be less than three.

• 대한의생명과학회지
• /
• 제27권4호
• /
• pp.248-254
• /
• 2021

Ulcerative colitis (UC), chronic inflammatory bowel disease, is characterized by severe inflammation in the colon. Tea is one of the most popular beverages consumed worldwide. Pu-erh tea, a unique Chinese tea produced by microbial activities, possesses a broad range of health-promoting effects, including anti-aging, anti-Alzheimer's disease, antioxidation and anti-obesity. However, the inhibitory effect of Pu-erh tea on intestinal inflammation and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. The present study was designed to evaluate the regulatory effect of Pu-erh tea extract (PTE) on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis clinical signs by analyzing the weight loss and colon length in mice. The inhibitory effects of PTE on inflammatory mediators, such as interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) were also determined in DSS-treated colitis tissue. We observed that PTE treatment significantly inhibited the DSS-induced clinical symptoms of weight loss, decrease,in colon length, and colon tissue damage in mice. Moreover, PTE attenuated the DSS-induced levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in colon tissue. We also demonstrated the anti-inflammatory mechanism of PTE by suppressing the activation of NF-κB in DSS-treated colon tissues. Collectively, the findings provide experimental evidence that PTE may be effective in preventing and treatment of intestinal inflammatory disorders, including UC.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제15권17호
• /
• pp.7389-7394
• /
• 2014

Background: Chemotherapy is one of the major means for control of malignancies, with cisplatin (CDDP) as one of the main agents, widely used for the treatment of various malignant solid tumors. However, prevention of hepatotoxicity from cisplatin is one of the urgent issues in cancer chemotherapy. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of pu-erh tea on hepatotoxicity through body weight and tissue antioxidant parameters like, liver coefficient, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), malondialdehyde(MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels, and light microscopic evaluation by histological findings. Materials and Methods: The rats were randomly divided into five groups: Control (n=10), cisplatin (3 mg/kg p.i., n=10), cisplatin+pu-erh (0.32 g/kg/day i.g., n=10), cisplatin+pu-erh (0.8 g/kg/day i.g., n=10) and cisplatin+pu-erh (1.6 g/kg/day i.g., n=10). Pu-erh tea powder was administrated for 31 consecutive days. The rats were sacrificed at the end on the second day after a single dose of cisplatin treatment for measuring indices. Results: Pu-erh tea powder exhibited a protective effect by decreasing MDA and GSH and increasing the SOD and GSH-PX levels and GSH-PX/MDA ratio in camparison with the control group. Besides, pu-erh tea was also able to alleviate the pathological damage to some extent. Conclusion: Pu-erh tea powder is protective against cisplatin-induced liver oxidative damages, especially at the medium dosage (0.8 g/kg/d).

• 분석과학
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.39-44
• /
• 2006

보이차를 물로 추출하고, 항산화성 물질을 얻기위해 n-hexane, ethyl acetate(EA), butanol(BuOH)로 분획하였다. 분획은 자유라티칼 소거 활성과 환원력 측정의 두가지 방법으로 항산화활성 정도를 조사하였다. 이들 항산화활성을 butylated hydroxyanisole(BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene(BHT) 그리고 ${\alpha}$-tocopherol 같은 비교표준 항산화제와 비교하였다. 보이차의 EA분획은 BHA와 BHT 보다 더 높은 항산화활성을 보였다.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• 제55권1호
• /
• pp.19-25
• /
• 2012

Green tea leaves were fermented for 15 and 30 days with Monascus pilosus which is known to produce functional statins (TMs), and the content of various biochemical constituents such as total polyphenol (TP), total flavonoid (TF), theaflavin, and thearubigin were analyzed and compared with that of non-fermented green tea (GT) and Pu-erh Chinese post-fermented tea (PU). In addition to the electron donating ability (EDA), ferric iron reducing power (FIRP), xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity, iron chelating activity (ICA) and hydrogen peroxide contents were also measured and compared with that of GT and PU. Content of TP and TF in the water and ethanol extracts in TMs were lower than those in GT and PU. Theaflavin and thearubigin contents of water and ethanol extracts in TMs were higher than those of GT. And, these components were increased depending on the period of fermentation. While, EDA and FIRP of TMs were lower than those of GT, XO inhibitory activity of TMs was higher than non-fermented tea. While, ICA of TMs was slightly higher than GT and PU, the content of hydrogen peroxide in TMs was markedly lower than GT. This results suggested that the green tea fermented by M. pilosus was valuable for oxidative stress-induced diseases by decreasing hydrogen peroxide, and forming theaflavins and thearubigins with functionality of genus Monascus.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
• /
• 제45권1호
• /
• pp.71-80
• /
• 2017

차는 세계적으로 인기있는 음료로서, 그 종류는 불발효차(녹차), 반발효차(우롱차), 완전발효차(홍차), 후발효차 등으로 구분된다. 후발효차는 차나무(Camellia sinensis)의 잎을 미생물 발효과정을 거쳐 생산된다. 본 연구에서 한국 후발효차(알가차, 단차)와 중국 후발효차(보이차 2종)에 우점하는 미생물 분석을 위해 16S rRNA 유전자를 이용하였다. 후발효차에 우점하는 미생물은 ${\alpha}$-proteobacteria에 속하는 Rhodobacteraceae와 Sphingomonas, ${\gamma}$-proteobacteria에 속하는 Pantoea가 우점하였다. 미생물 군집 cluster 분석결과, 한국 후발효차와 중국 후발효차는 다르게 분류됨을 확인하였다. 또한, 매우 흥미롭게도 한국 후발효차는 미생물이 우점하였고 중국 후발효차는 곰팡이가 우점하는 것으로 분석되었다.

• Mycobiology
• /
• 제44권4호
• /
• pp.269-276
• /
• 2016

Aspergillus luchuensis is known as an industrially important fungal species used for making fermented foods such as awamori and shochu in Japan, makgeolli and Meju in Korea, and Pu-erh tea in China. Nonetheless, this species has not yet been widely studied regarding mating-type genes. In this study, we examined the MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 gene ratio in black koji molds (A. luchuensis, Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus tubingensis) and in Aspergillus welwitschiae isolated from Meju, a fermented soybean starting material for traditional soy sauce and soybean paste in Korea. The number of strains with the MAT1-1 locus was 2 of 23 (A. luchuensis), 6 of 13 (A. tubingensis), 21 of 28 (A. niger), and 5 of 10 (A. welwitschiae). Fungal species A. tubingensis and A. welwitschiae showed a 1 : 1 ratio of MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 mating-type loci. In contrast, A. luchuensis revealed predominance of MAT1-2 (91.3%) and A. niger of MAT1-1 (75%). We isolated and identified 2 A. luchuensis MAT1-1 strains from Meju, although all strains for making shochu in Japan are of the MAT1-2 type. These strains may be a good resource for breeding of A. luchuensis to be used in the Asian fermented-food industry.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
• /
• 제32권6호
• /
• pp.460-469
• /
• 2017

커피와 다류에 대한 소비는 전 세계적으로 해마다 증가하는 추세이며, 한국을 포함하여 아시아권에도 물 다음으로 가장 많은 소비가 이루어지는 음료는 커피와 차(녹차, 케모마일차, 페퍼민트차, 둥글레차, 보이차, 홍차, 대추차)이다. 본 연구는 국내에서 시판되는 커피전문점의 브랜드 커피 5종과 침출차 20종(녹차 4종, 홍차 3종, 보이차 3종, 케모마일차 3종, 페퍼민트차 3종, 둥글레차 3종, 대추차 1종), 고형차 2종(대추차 2종)에 대하여 각 음료 1잔에 함유되어 있는 비타민C, 카페인, 총폴리페놀, 플라보노이드를 분석하였고, 이들의 항산화활성을 측정하여 서로의 상관관계를 살펴보았다. 추가적으로 항산화활성이 높은 커피와 다류 총 4종을 대상으로 과산화수소($H_2O_2$)로 유도된 산화적 스트레스로부터 세포 보호효과를 평가하여 시판 커피와 다류의 항산화 연구를 위한 기초자료를 확보하고자 하였다. 녹차와 홍차 각각 1잔당 비타민 C 함량은 0.04~1.58 mg 이었고 커피와 나머지 차는 비타민 C가 검출되지 않았다. 카페인 함량은 브랜드 커피가 1잔당 150.17~202.75 mg으로 다른 종류의 음료보다 높았다. 음료에 함유된 총 폴리페놀 함량은 gallic acid의 등량값(GAE)으로 표시할 때 브랜드 커피 A($BC_A$)가 265.54 mg / serving size으로 가장 높았고, 플라보노이드 함량은 quercetin 등량값(QE)으로 브랜드 커피 B($BC_B$)가 12.14 mg / serving size으로 가장 높았다. 음료 4종(브랜드 커피 A, C 그리고 녹차 D, 홍차 A) 시료의 농도가 높아질수록 HeLa 세포 내활성산소종(reactive oxygen species, ROS) 생성 억제효과 및 $H_2O_2$의 소거활성이 증가하였다. 본 연구결과 브랜드 커피 및 홍차, 녹차는 각각 1잔당 비타민 C의 등량값으로 590, 330, 300 mg의 항산화능을 가지며, HeLa 세포 내에서도 활성산소 감소효과가 확인되는 우수한 항산화 음료로 평가되었다.